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[post_title] => Superheavy Nuclei 119 − 122 Synthesis in Fusion-Evaporation Reactions
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[post_title] => Exploration of Short-Lived Nuclei Using Newly Commissioned Collinear Laser Spectroscopy
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[researchers_name] => BAI, Shiwei (白世伟)
[researchers_position] => School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics & Technology, Peking University, China
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[research_footprints] => Nuclear properties; Collinear laser spectroscopy; Laser-ablation ion source; Photon detection; Isotope shift
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[the_novelty] => As an initial step to fully leverage the available radioactive ion beam facilities and resources, this study developed a collinear laser spectroscopy (CLS) apparatus combined with an offline laser ablation ion source at Peking University. The CLS was commissioned using a bunched stable calcium ion beam being accelerated up to 20 keV, with a pulse width of approximately 10 µs. This CLS, integrated with the ion source and an anti-collinear laser system, has enabled high-resolution measurements of the hyperfine structure spectra of stable 40,42,44,48Ca isotopes. With its successful commissioning, the CLS is ready for laser spectroscopy measurement of unstable nuclei at radioactive ion beam (RIB) facilities in China, paving the way for further developing higher-sensitivity collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy techniques.
[the_background] => The fundamental properties of atomic nuclei, such as nuclear spins, magnetic dipole moments, electric quadrupole moments, and mean-squared charge radii, are the essential experimental observables in studying the exotic nuclear structure and nucleon-nucleon interactions. Despite having various experimental methods to measure these nuclear properties, CLS is one of the most sophisticated experimental techniques available to simultaneously measure these properties in a nuclear-model independent way. This is realized by probing the subtle hyperfine effects, only as small as one part in a million compared with the total atomic transition frequency, resulting from the interaction between the atomic nucleus and surrounding electrons. CLS system has been set up in various RIB facilities worldwide to explore the exotic structure of radioactive isotopes. Lanzhou's HIRFL-RIBLL and Beijing's BRIF are among the uprising RIB facilities with short-lived isotopes ready for in-depth nuclear structure studies. The CLS, however, has not yet been involved in nuclear physics research at the domestic RIB facilities so far. The CLS apparatus developed by this study thus represents new opportunities for advanced studies of the nuclear properties of unstable nuclei at the RIB facilities in China.
[the_sdg_impact] => The unexpected new phenomena of unstable nuclei have been continuously unveiled when the study reaches the exotic isotopes far from the beta-stability line. By exploring short-lived nuclei produced artificially at RIB facilities, this study helps scientists understand the rich, complex, and even unexplored exotic structure of atomic nuclei and the nucleon-nucleon interactions. Ultimately, this would unveil the puzzle: where and how heavy matter forms in the universe (UNSDG 9: Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure).
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41365-022-00992-5
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[publication_title] => Commissioning of a high-resolution collinear laser spectroscopy apparatus with a laser ablation ion source
[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
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[year] => January 2022
[subject] => Engineering; Nuclear Physics; Nuclear Technology; Applied Physics
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[post_title] => Mature Software for 3D Bunch Position & Charge Measurement
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[researchers_name] => XU, Xingyi Xu (许兴懿)
[researchers_position] => Beam Instrument and Control Department, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, China
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[researchers_position_2] => Beam Instrument and Control Department, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, China
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[research_footprints] => Bunch-by-bunch measurement; HOTCAP software package; Data analysis; High-speed oscilloscope
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/2022_NST_Article_01_v2_EN-scaled.jpg
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[the_novelty] => This study developed HOTCAP, a free, user-friendly, and interactive software, for simultaneous measurement of 3D bunch-by-bunch position and charge from the waveform of a high-speed oscilloscope. Being able to operate on Windows 10, HOTCAP could also output injection transient analysis, bunch response function reconstruction, and turn-by-turn beam analysis. Its visual interface was developed based on PyQT5. HOTCAP was coded using Python on the backend, and its architecture comprised the user interface (UI) module, the calculation module, and the input-output (IO) module. Future studies shall improve the algorithm to eliminate HOTCAP’s current need for a constant bunch length.
[the_background] => Bunch-by-bunch measurement includes transverse position measurements, longitudinal phase measurements, charge measurements, beam size measurements, and emittance. Among these, position measurement is the most important and common technique carried out via the random phase sampling method using a digital oscilloscope. However, since a large amount of input data and complex digital signal processing are involved, there is a high demand for comprehensive data processing algorithms or corresponding data processing software packages to be used in high-speed oscilloscope-based 3D bunch charge and position measurements. In order to fulfill the need, researchers from Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) Beam Instrument Group have successfully developed HOTCAP (a visualization software package) to serve as an online measurement system that can simultaneously measure the bunch-by-bunch 3D position and strip the refilled charge signal. Other accelerators will benefit from this software as soon as the researchers share the source code in the near future.
[the_sdg_impact] => SSRF strives to uphold its potential and reputation as a world-class state-of-the-art beam facility. To help achieve that, this research developed the first mature and free software package for high-speed oscilloscope-based three-dimensional (3D) bunch charge and position measurement. The output contributes to the advancement of beam diagnosis technology, which enhances the operation of synchrotron radiation facilities, realizing UNSDG 9: Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure.
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41365-021-00966-z?utm_source=xmol&utm_medium=affiliate&utm_content=meta&utm_campaign=DDCN_1_GL01_metadata
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[publication_title] => HOTCAP: a new software package for high-speed oscilloscope-based three-dimensional bunch charge and position measurement
[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => November 2021
[subject] => Engineering; Nuclear Physics; Nuclear Technology; Applied Physics
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[post_date] => 2022-03-13 12:31:17
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[post_title] => Enhanced GRID Mission Nanosatellite Gamma-Ray Detector
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[researchers_name] => WEN, Jiaxing (温家星 )
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[researchers_name_2] => MING, Ming (曾鸣)
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[research_footprints] => Gamma-ray bursts; Scintillation detectors; SiPM; CubeSat
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This research revealed the in-depth design (both hardware and firmware) of the first and second compact nanosatellite gamma-ray detectors built for the Gamma-Ray Integrated Detectors (GRID) mission. The detector comprised four Gd2Al2Ga3O12 : Ce (GAGG:Ce) scintillators coupled with four silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) arrays, and the detector’s gamma-ray detection efficiency ranged between 10 keV and 2 MeV. The first and second detectors were launched into Sun-synchronous orbits with an altitude and inclination of 500 km 97.5 ° and 97.3 °, on October 29, 2018, and November 6, 2020, respectively. The detectors managed to accumulate data for more than 300 hours of on-orbit observation. For further context, detailed calibration of the detector using both simulations and experiments will be reported elsewhere in the near future.
[the_background] => The GRID mission is a project which bears the main objective to involve students in monitoring the transient gamma-ray sky in the local universe and in accumulating a sample of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) associated with gravitational waves (GWs). The first detector was launched into a Sun-synchronous orbit on October 29, 2018. After the on-orbit functional and performance tests of the first detector, fewer hardware modifications and improvements have been made in the second detector. This paper shows the detailed design of the GRID detector, and the functionality and performance of this design have been verified by two launches. By sharing these significant details of the compact CubeSat gamma-ray detector, this study encourages and attracts students from multi-disciplinary to participate in GRID so as to grow their hands-on experience in astrophysics.
[the_sdg_impact] => Astrophysics is a subject area that often involves multi-disciplinary collaboration in developing hardware and data. Hence, having a well-developed research facility and infrastructure is essential to let students and researchers deploy their output in a real environment. Besides sharing the detailed hardware and firmware design, this study also motivates students to participate in the GRID mission by describing how the latter empowered the study's progress. Therefore, the outcome of this study aligns well with UNSDG 9: Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure by supporting the development of research and technology.
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs41365-021-00937-4
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[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => September 2021
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[post_date] => 2022-03-09 14:42:04
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[post_title] => New Multifunctional Carbon Nanosheet Construction Strategy
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[researchers_name] => WU, Dingcai
[researchers_position] => School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, China
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[research_footprints] => Carbon nanosheets; Multifunctional templates; Hierarchical pores; Heteroatom doping
[graphic_abstract] =>
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[the_novelty] => This study explores a range of construction mechanisms with different conditions to improve present 2D material performance. As a breakthrough, a new strategy to construct Fe,N-codoped hierarchical porous carbon nanosheets (Fe-N-HP-CNS) by using 2D Fe-Zn layered double hydroxides (Fe-Zn-LDH) was developed. The proposed multifunctional templating strategy simplifies the synthetic route and yields well-defined 2D carbon nanosheets with a hierarchical porous structure and a functional carbon framework. Overall, the novel method promises an improved template functionality while eliminating the adverse effects and limitations of single-functioned conventional carbon nanosheet construction techniques.
[the_background] => 2D porous carbon nanosheets have desirable physical and chemical properties, including excellent electrical conductivity, superior chemical stability, and adjustable carbon framework. Hence, the materials have been widely used in electrochemical energy storage, catalysis, battery, water treatment, and many more. With that said, existing carbon nanosheet templates largely fit a single function. Moreover, the preparation processes are not only costly and complex, but also non-environmentally friendly. Therefore, this study looks into the synthesis process of carbon nanosheets by leveraging the 2D structure and potential multifunctional characteristics.
[the_sdg_impact] => 2D porous carbon nanosheets have become the recent most in-demand porous carbon due to the uniqueness of its structure and promising functionalities, potentially useful in various applications. Given the increasing requirements on applications in our current lifestyle, there’s a growing need for a simple and precise construction strategy of this ‘super’ material. Therefore, the novel approach developed in this study expands the functionality of 2D porous carbon nanosheets by improving resource-use efficiency and adopting a cleaner and greener construction mechanism (SDG 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure).
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10118-022-2656-x
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[publication_title] => Multifunctional Templating Strategy for Fabrication of Fe, N-Codoped Hierarchical Porous Carbon Nanosheets
[journal_title] => Chinese Journal of Polymer Science
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => November 2021
[subject] => Chemistry, Polymer Science
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[post_date] => 2022-02-26 11:06:40
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[post_title] => New Variance Reduction Method for Higher Accuracy Monte Carlo (MC) Reactor Criticality Calculation
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[researchers_name] => PAN, Qingquan (潘清泉)
[researchers_position] => School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
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[researchers_name_2] => LIU, Xiaojing (刘晓晶)
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[research_footprints] => RMC code; Global homogenization; Variance reduction; SPN theory
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Screenshot-2022-02-26-105443-1.png
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[the_novelty] => This study developed an SP3-coupled global variance reduction (GVR) method, which brought the efficiency and accuracy of the Monte Carlo (MC) criticality calculation to a whole new level. The workflow of the SPN-based GVR involved MC global homogenization in determining global cross-sections, SP3 equation-solving to obtain the global flux distribution, and global weight windows approximation. Despite achieving a noteworthy milestone, this research aimed to enhance the GVR’s performance in the near future by involving rigorous SPN theory and an adjoint method for the SPN theory.
[the_background] => The design and performance of a reactor rely significantly on the reactor criticality calculation, which applies the MC method most of the time. Besides enhancing the overall efficiency and accuracy, variance reduction (VR) methods are crucial in maintaining the numerical stability of MC multi-physics simulations. The VR methods developed in the past (i.e. UFS, UTD, UVM) face limitations in terms of working principles, techniques, and validation. To fulfill the demand for a more superior reactor, this study proposed an SP3-coupled GVR that enhanced the overall precision of MC criticality calculation. This development could potentially improve the reactor shielding calculations, leading to a higher-performance reactor.
[the_sdg_impact] => A nuclear reactor is built and operated based on sophisticated technology. To cope with the higher demand on its performance, various aspects such as design and safety features need to be enhanced. The GVR method proposed in this study showed great potential in pushing the limits of reactors in the future. Therefore, its achievement materialized UNSDG 9: Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure, by creating a milestone in the nuclear reactor design.
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[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => November 2021
[subject] => Engineering; Nuclear Physics; Nuclear Technology; Applied Physics
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[post_date] => 2022-02-26 10:57:26
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[post_title] => Nuclear Mass Refinement by Machine Learning
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[researchers_name] => GAO, Zepeng
[researchers_position] => College of Physics Science and Technology, Shenyang Normal University, China
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[researchers_name_2] => WANG, Yongjia
[researchers_position_2] => School of Science, Huzhou University, China
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[original_article_reference] =>
[research_footprints] => Nuclear mass; Machine learning; Binding energy; Separation energy
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Screenshot-2022-02-26-105340.png
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => Is there any room to increase the accuracy of theoretical nuclear mass prediction? This study demonstrated that Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) is a highly competent tool for improving the accuracy of theoretical nuclear mass and binding energy predicted. With respect to experimental binding energy, LightGBM’s refinement managed to reduce the root mean square deviations (RMSDs) by approximately 90%, 65%, 40%, and 60% in the liquid-drop model (LDM), Duflo–Zucker (DZ) mass model, Weizsäcker–Skyrme (WS4) model, and finite-range droplet model (FRDM) respectively. Consistent RMSD improvement was obtained compared to the 66 newly measured nuclei that appeared in the new atomic mass evaluation, AME2020. Besides that, the LightGBM-refined mass models also yielded single and two-neutron separation energies values that matched those derived experimentally. All it took for the LightGBM to work was the input of characteristic quantities like mass and proton numbers. Relevance analysis of input characteristic quantities for each mass model was carried out using SHapley additive exPlanations (SHAP) and valuable results were obtained for future improvement and development of various nuclear mass models.
[the_background] => Nuclear mass has been a crucial and challenging subject, especially for nuclei near the drip lines (i.e., the boundaries delimiting the zone beyond atomic nuclei decay). A Bayesian neural network (BNN) refinement is a promising approach for theoretical models to deduce nuclear mass with higher accuracy. On the other hand, a tree-based learning algorithm developed by Microsoft in 2016, known as LightGBM, shows upsides, including better learning capability, greater efficiency, and better accuracy. This puts LightGBM in an advantageous position to be applied in studies of nuclear mass. As an effort to verify the potentials of the LightGBM machine learning algorithm, this study deployed LightGBM in predicting the masses and binding energy of unknown nuclei. The reduced RMSDs obtained were an excellent validation of LightGBM’s value in nuclear mass studies, which could set a more refined direction for future research.
[the_sdg_impact] => The advancement of astrophysics and nuclear physics correlates with the level of knowledge in nuclear mass. Hence, a highly efficient machine learning method is needed to speculate the masses of unknown nuclides, especially superheavy and neutron-rich nuclides. This study validated LightGBM’s potential in nuclear mass studies and, consequently, indicated the importance of machine learning in the progress of astrophysics and nuclear physics. These fundamental findings are essential to facilitate future scientific research by leveraging the ever-evolving technological capability, which aligns with the visions of UNSDG 9: Innovation, industry, and infrastructure.
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41365-021-00956-1
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[publication_title] => Machine learning the nuclear mass
[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => October 2021
[subject] => Engineering; Nuclear Physics; Nuclear Technology; Applied Physics
)
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[post_date] => 2022-02-22 14:44:25
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[post_title] => Voltage Profiling for Solar Photovoltaic (PV) System in Varying Weather Conditions
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[research_footprints] => Renewable energy; solar photovoltaic; voltage profile intermittency; solar output fluctuation; voltage rise.
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => The distribution system of the power grid is affected by the high voltage fluctuation due to the solar PV systems. A grid-connected battery energy storage system is a potential solution. The study analyzed solar PV system voltage profiles and solar power output with four different module technologies at various locations in the free-standing installation method. The study concluded that voltage fluctuation is the highest during the day in both low and high load conditions. Future studies should evaluate the effects of weather and position of solar PV systems against the system’s voltage profile.
[the_background] => As more and more people adopt a greener lifestyle, the demand for solar panel reliance has increased in recent years. However, in the usage of solar panel-derived energy, voltage supply seems to fluctuate due to irregular sunlight availability. Such condition poses a negative effect on the power grid, especially the distribution network. Therefore, this study aims to quantify the voltage fluctuation for small-scale solar photovoltaic systems under different loading conditions, specifically voltage and solar power output. The potential solution for this would be a grid-connected battery energy storage system, which allows grid quality and reliability maintenance.
[the_sdg_impact] => The increasing adoption of solar power encourages the shift from the current system that uses fossil fuel, promoting cheaper and cleaner energy production. This study strongly associates with Goal 7: Affordable and Clean Energy and Goal 12: Responsible Consumption and Production of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) as the findings are useful for the relevant parties to take suitable actions in improving existing solar PV systems. Ultimately, serving as a good reference for institutions and countries intending to move towards sustainable energy and reduce their environmental impacts through solar power.
[article_url] => https://www.ijrer.org/ijrer/index.php/ijrer/article/view/10450/pdf
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.20508/ijrer.v10i1.10450.g7978
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[publication_title] => Quantification of Voltage Profiles Intermittency for Small-Scale Solar Photovoltaic System under Different Loading Conditions
[journal_title] => International Journal of Renewable Energy Research-IJRER
[publisher] => IJRER
[year] => March 2020
[subject] => Engineering
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[post_date] => 2022-02-22 14:21:12
[post_date_gmt] => 2022-02-22 06:21:12
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for Better Quality Synthetic Rubber
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[researchers_name] => MAHAMOOD, Mazlin Aida binti
[researchers_position] => Centre of Research and Innovation Management (CRIM), Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), Malaysia
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Rubber.png
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[the_novelty] => This study uses statistical and mathematical models to optimize cure characteristics of Natural Rubber/ EPDM (a type of synthetic rubber) blends. The proposed software identified the optimum mixing parameters (temperature, rotor speed, time) for adding maleic anhydride grafted EPM (MAH-g-EPM). As a result, the miscibility, and physical and rheological properties of the NR/EPDM blend were significantly improved. Thus, creating a more stable rubber blend by increasing the material resistance towards deformation. Such software and analytical technique enable future material characterization to be conducted efficiently across multiple parameters within a short period of time.
[the_background] => The blending of two or more elastomers (polymers with elastic properties) is common to obtain new materials with improved and superior properties compared to its original phases at a minimal cost. Applying a similar concept, rubber blends are frequently tested and created to produce newer and sturdier materials for various uses. Natural rubber/EPDM blends are by far the most prominent form of synthetic rubber in terms of performance and elasticity. However, the synthetic rubber blends have shown several mechanical property degradations due to poor compatibility. This study aims to provide suitable and effective cure characteristics of NR/EPDM blends for better miscibility and compatibility.
[the_sdg_impact] => Rubber is still widely used in automobile manufacturing along with many other industries for various purposes. According to a March 2021 BBC article, there still is a growing demand for rubber worldwide while there is a shortage in terms of supply. With lands being scarce to accommodate the expansion of rubber plantation, alternative methods are required to make up for the demand. As the use of synthetic rubber increasing, there is a need to constantly improve its quality and durability under minimum expenditure and production time. Thus, the findings of this study clearly promote the enhancement of scientific research to upgrade material production through a more sustainable and efficient use of resources (SDG 9: Industry, innovation and infrastructure).
[article_url] => https://www.scientific.net/AMM.761.441
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Rubber-2.jpg
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.761.441
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[publication_title] => Cure Characteristics of Natural Rubber/EPDM Blends for the Effect of MAH Grafted EPM and Compounding Parameters via Response Surface Methodology
[journal_title] => Applied Mechanics and Materials
[publisher] => Scientific.net
[year] => May 2015
[subject] => Engineering
)
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[post_date] => 2022-02-22 12:14:09
[post_date_gmt] => 2022-02-22 04:14:09
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Using Coffee Waste Film in Pulsed Laser Generation
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[researchers_name] => LATIFF, Anas Abdul
[researchers_position] => Faculty of Electronic & Computer Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), Malaysia
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/coffee.png
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[research_footprints] => Q-switching operation; Ytterbium-doped fiber; Erbium-doped fiber; Thulium-doped fiber; Fiber laser; Saturable absorber; Spent coffee ground
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Generation-of-Q-switched-fiber-laser-at-1.0-1.55-and-2.0-µm-employing-a-spent-coffee-ground-based-saturable-absorber.png
[figures] =>
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[the_novelty] => This study demonstrated for the first time a spent coffee ground (SCG) film made of waste product from coffee beans as saturable absorber (SA) for wideband pulsed laser generations. The findings indicate that the fabricated SCG film modulator has a modulation depth, saturable intensity, and non-saturable absorption of 30%, 150 MW/cm2, and 28%, respectively. The fabricated SCG film modulator produced a highest pulse energy of 0.152 μJ and shortest pulse of 4.20 μs at the 1-μm region, which fits the expectations of pulsed laser performance. The SCG film modulator's ability to induce pulsed lasers at various regions, alongside its considerably simple fabrication process, may benefit diverse photonic applications.
[the_background] => Pulsed lasers have high pulse energy, with a pulse width that can be tuned up from a microsecond to hundreds of nanoseconds. The active method generation of pulsed lasers in the past is less desirable due to the size, cost, and handling challenges. Hence, passive techniques using modulators have been explored, and nanomaterials like graphene (a form of carbon) are highly preferred in producing such modulators. This study demonstrates the use of waste products from coffee grounds as bio-resources for carbon to synthesize graphene nanomaterials suitable for modulators.
[the_sdg_impact] => Global coffee production creates more than 23 million tons of waste per year. Coffee waste is an inexpensive and green alternative for nanomaterials production, which could be applied across various fields. As the pioneering study to utilize waste coffee grounds as bioresources to synthesize graphene nanomaterial for laser technology, it is a great example of enhancing and promoting environmentally sustainable material production with increased resource-use efficiency. Therefore, the study objectives align well with UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 9, Industry, innovation and infrastructure.
[article_url] => https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1068520020304247?via%3Dihub
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2020.102434
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[publication_title] => Generation of Q-switched fiber laser at 1.0-, 1.55- and 2.0-µm employing a spent coffee ground based saturable absorber
[journal_title] => Optical Fiber Technology
[publisher] => Elsevier
[year] => January 2021
[subject] => Engineering
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[post_date] => 2022-01-18 11:45:18
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[post_title] => High Precision Pre-surgical Intervention Using Newly Improved Epileptogenic Zone Identification Technique in Patients
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[researchers_name] => PENG, Syu-Jyun (彭徐鈞 )
[researchers_position] => esearch Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/epileptogenic-.png
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[research_footprints] => Temporal lobe epilepsy; drug resistant; stereoelectroencephalography; SEEG; brain connectivity; topology; complex partial seizures; graph theory
[graphic_abstract] =>
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[video] =>
[the_novelty] => In the past decade, the usage of stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) to identify the epileptogenic zone in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy has increased. In this study, researchers used high-frequency oscillations (HFO) in SEEG to distinguish the common changes in the epileptic brain over the course of a seizure. The implementation involved the usage of 3D electrodes implant based on the SEEG methodology. As a result, the onset, propagation, and termination of seizure were identified by observing the high frequency brain waves. The overall change in wave frequency gives a complete map of HFO. Essentially, this HFO map could serve as a biomarker and improve surgical strategy to control/correct seizures with better accuracy and precision. Hence, these new insights would be useful references for researchers and physicians to advance existing epilepsy treatment outcomes.
[the_background] => To improve surgical outcomes, it is common to do a non-invasive evaluation prior to surgery to locate the epileptogenic zone (EZ). However, if the EZ is not readily identified, invasive electroencephalography is required. Therefore, it opens the possibility to produce biased data due to a lack of experience. In this study, researchers explore the usage of stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) to identify ictal high-frequency oscillation (HFO) networks. The primary aim of the study is to develop a new approach for surgery or neuromodulation that may help physicians improve treatment modalities for epilepsy, including resection, cortical stimulation, and neuromodulations treatment that are responsive to network topologies.
[the_sdg_impact] => According to a 2019 report from the World Health Organization (WHO), an estimated 50 million people worldwide suffer from epilepsy, making it one of the most common neurological diseases globally. As presented in this study, it is notable that using high-frequency oscillations (HFO) in stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) can identify the epileptogenic zone (EZ) in the brain. Resection of the areas of the brain where HFOs have been recorded gives a good postsurgical outcome. Thus, the finding of this study would help towards the realization of UNSDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being, which aims to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all ages, as well as UNSDG 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, for its application of research outcome to accelerate A.I.-based medical technology advancement.
[article_url] => https://thejns.org/view/journals/j-neurosurg/131/4/article-p1086.xml
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.3171/2018.6.JNS172844
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[publication_title] => Ictal networks of temporal lobe epilepsy: views from high-frequency oscillations in stereoelectroencephalography
[journal_title] => Journal of Neurosurgery
[publisher] => JNS
[year] => Nov 2018
[subject] => Medical; Artificial Intelligence
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[post_date] => 2021-12-30 11:29:21
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[post_title] => Promising Method to Improve Characterization of Heavy Elements using Back-n Neutron Beamline
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[researchers_name] => HU, Xinrong
[researchers_position] => Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, SLEGS, China
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[researchers_position_2] => Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, SLEGS, China
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[research_footprints] => Cross section; 197Au(n, γ); Back-n; C6D6; Pulse height weighting technology
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/NST_Article-16_V7.jpg
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[the_novelty] => This study verified the effectiveness of the upgraded CSNS Back-n neutron beamline detection system for neutron capture cross-section measurements using gold (197Au (n, γ)). The new setup included C6D6 detectors and Li-Si flux monitor, the pulse height weighting technique (PHWT) detection technology was used to analysis the data. The results proved that the 197Au (n, γ) reaction cross section measured with neutron energies ranging from 1 eV to 100 keV is consistent with the latest standard evaluations data. Meanwhile, the findings indicated a promising less than 2% statistical uncertainty for the 197Au (n, γ) reaction cross section measured. Therefore, it is evident that the CSNS Back-n neutron beamline facility enhancement proposed in this study would benefit future characterization and the study of synthesis of heavy elements.
[the_background] => Neutron-induced reactions have long been used to characterize and synthesize heavy elements. Such techniques have been inspired by the naturally occurring slow neutron capture process (s process) in stars. At present, most neutron capture cross section measurements only one capture criterion for the 197Au (n, γ) reaction with 2.5 MeV thermal neutron energy. Hence, this study proposed integrating C6D6 detectors and PHWT detection technology with the CSNS Back-n neutron beamline. The overall feasibility of the experimental setup was determined by cross-referencing the data with the standard neutron capture cross-section database.
[the_sdg_impact] => Neutrons have long played an essential role in engineering materials for nuclear reactors, along with material characterization. As the demand for electric energy grows, so does the demand for potential alternative energy production sources, one of which is nuclear power. Thus, there is a constant need to advance and enhance existing nuclear detection and imaging technology (UN SDG 9: Industry, innovation and infrastructure). The findings of this study could serve as a reference to improve the performance of the current Back-n neutron beamline facility for better heavy chemical elements characterization and data analysis.
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41365-021-00931-w
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[publication_title] => Measurements of the 197Au(n, γ) cross section up to 100 keV at the CSNS Back-n facility
[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => September 2021
[subject] => Engineering; Nuclear Physics; Nuclear Technology; Applied Physics
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[post_author] => 154
[post_date] => 2021-12-06 11:41:32
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-12-06 03:41:32
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Optimization of EAST Performance via Tungsten Control
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[researchers_name] => XU, Zong
[researchers_position] => College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, China
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[researchers_name_2] => ZHANG, Ling
[researchers_position_2] => Division of Plasma Diagnostics, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy Science, China
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[research_footprints] => Tungsten accumulation; Counter-NBI; Favorable B t; ELMy H-mode; EAST
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/NST_Article-15.jpg
[figures] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Tungsten-.png
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => Via experimental investigation on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST), this study reported how the behavior of tungsten (in ELMy H-mode plasmas) could be controlled by neutral beam injection (NBI) and toroidal field (Bt). The concentration of tungsten in the plasma operation was successfully lowered by applying counter-NBI and favorable Bt. It’s crucial to prevent tungsten accumulation and keep tungsten concentration below 10–4 to avoid degradation of plasma confinement and periodic H–L transitions. Future in-depth studies could be carried out to better understand the implications of increased turbulent transport (during the co/counter-NBI phases) on the suppression of tungsten accumulation.
[the_background] => Despite being preferred for plasma-facing materials in fusion devices, tungsten tends to accumulate in EAST type-I ELMy H-mode plasmas. Among the adverse outcomes caused by such accumulation include disruption, loss of radiation, and degradation of energy confinement. Meanwhile, literature indicates that tungsten accumulation could be suppressed by controlling the neoclassical transport, inward pinch of high-Z impurities (PHZ), and radial electric field (Er). Furthermore, these three variables were associated with NBI. Thus, this study focused on the potential of NBI in manipulating tungsten behavior in the core of an EAST type-I ELMy H-mode plasma, a mode that led to strong impurity accumulation in EAST. By mastering the technique to avoid tungsten accumulation, the EAST will be able to perform more optimally.
[the_sdg_impact] => As the first Tokamak with superconducting toroidal and poloidal magnets, the EAST is valuable for nuclear fusion and plasma research. Thus, its performance stability and consistency are a top priority. By exploring effective methods to minimize tungsten accumulation in the EAST, this research showcased efforts that aligned with the targets of UNSDG 9: Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure.
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41365-021-00929-4
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[publication_title] => Tungsten control in type-I ELMy H-mode plasmas on EAST
[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => September 2021
[subject] => Engineering; Nuclear Physics; Nuclear Technology; Applied Physics
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[post_author] => 154
[post_date] => 2021-12-02 09:46:36
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-12-02 01:46:36
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Successful Designing of Candidate Lattice of SSRF-U Reaching the Soft X-ray Diffraction Limit
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[researchers_name] => LIU, Xinzhong
[researchers_position] => Accelerator Physics and Technology Department, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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[research_footprints] => Diffraction-Limited Storage Ring (DLSR); Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Upgrade (SSRF-U); Intra-Beam Scattering (IBS); Touschek scattering; Beam lifetime
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/NST_Article-14_V1-1.jpg
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[the_novelty] => In this study, we design a new lattice of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility upgrade (SSRF-U), a low-emittance photon source designed with an emittance of 53.2 pm·rad (N-IBS), using 20 seven-bend achromat cells. This small emittance and high electron density will inevitably lead to non-negligible intra-beam scattering (IBS) and Touschek scattering. Therefore, to weaken the effect of IBS and Touschek scattering, emittance growth and beam lifetime in the SSRF-U storage ring were studied by particle simulation within a series of different machine configurations. After considering almost all the methods, the best configuration was obtained, contributing to the upgrade plan of the SSRF storage ring. The method proposed in this paper would serve as an important reference for transforming other light sources or designing and constructing new light sources.
[the_background] => The high-performance SSRF has contributed to significant scientific findings related to various research fields, including biomedicine, material science, environmental science, physics, and chemistry. Meanwhile, there is an increasing demand for synchrotron light sources with reduced beam emittance approaching or reaching X-ray diffraction limits. However, the properties (e.g., beam lifetime and brightness) of such light sources are bound to be degraded by IBS and Touschek scattering. While designing a new lattice of the storage ring, reaching soft-X ray diffraction limit, to upgrade the SSRF, this study has also run extensive simulations to overcome the adverse effects of IBS and Touschek scattering. By identifying the optimal parameters for yielding a beam with lower emittance and higher brightness. The SSRF-U would become one of the state-of-the-art research assets to facilitate scientists making exceptional scientific contributions.
[the_sdg_impact] => The SSRF is well-known as a necessary light source facility that contributes to multiple subjects of studies. Despite that, continuous upgrading and improving SSRF are essential to enhance its beam properties and performance to keep up with the rapid pace of scientific research. The candidate lattice of the storage ring for SSRF-U, reaching soft-X ray diffraction limit and Intra-beam scattering optimization, contribute to the upgrade plan of the SSRF storage ring. Hence, this study is well-aligned with the targets of UNSDG 9: Industries, Innovation & Infrastructure.
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs41365-021-00913-y
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[publication_title] => Intra-beam scattering and beam lifetime in a candidate lattice of the soft X-ray diffraction-limited storage ring for the upgraded SSRF
[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => August 2021
[subject] => Engineering; Nuclear Physics; Applied Physics
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[post_date] => 2021-11-26 12:46:38
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-11-26 04:46:38
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[post_title] => New Immunotherapy Strategy Shows Promising Results in Treating Various Solid Tumors
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[researchers_name] => CHO, Der-Yang (周德陽)
[researchers_position] => Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taiwan
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[the_novelty] => This study proposed a novel immunotherapy strategy to treat various solid tumors more effectively and safely. The proposed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T therapy using natural killer (NK) cells, when used to target tumor-associated antigen (TAA), caused lesser damage to healthy tissues. The neoexpressed TAA of interest is known as human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G). Results indicated that by targeting HLA-G, the proposed CAR-NK successfully triggers the cytotoxic killing response of the immune system when it recognizes the tumor cells. Moreover, the efficacy of the treatment is seen to increase when the tumors are pre-exposed to low-dose chemotherapy. Overall, the study showed promising results under laboratory conditions. However, further studies are suggested to validate the combined effects of chemotherapy and HLA-G CAR-NK cells and expand the application in clinical settings.
[the_background] => Among the greatest challenges when treating solid tumors is the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), leading to low and ineffective immune responses. Although past attempts using CAR-T to target these immunosuppressive TME showed positive results, severe damages to non-tumor cells have been reported. Moreover, monotherapy of CAR through the conventional techniques have also presented limitation, thus, suggesting a need to explore combined therapies to increase the antitumor capability of the treatment. This study aims to improve the antitumor efficacy of CAR-T treatment strategy by identifying an accurate target and exploring potential combined strategy by understanding the synergistic mechanisms involved.
[the_sdg_impact] => In recent years, precision medicine has become a highly sort after area of cancer research. The concept primarily revolves around targeted care through individualized treatment approaches. One such treatment is immunotherapy, sometimes known as biological therapy, which uses the body’s natural defense mechanism to fight cancer. According to a statistic shared by John Hopkins, to date, approximately 15-20% of patients have achieved long-lasting results with the treatment. With most existing treatments still being in the trial phase or displaying a certain amount of limitation, clearly, there is room for further improvement. This study, therefore, could potentially serve as a significant breakthrough in the field by increasing cancer cell target precision and treatment efficacy. Such outcome also aligns with the visions of UN SDG 3: Good health and well-being in reducing the mortality rate of non-communicable diseases, like cancer, through prevention and treatment.
[article_url] => https://jitc.bmj.com/content/9/10/e003050.info
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[publication_title] => Targeting human leukocyte antigen G with chimeric antigen receptors of natural killer cells convert immunosuppression to ablate solid tumors
[journal_title] => Journal of Immunotherapy of Cancer
[publisher] => BMJ
[year] => October 2021
[subject] => Medical; Cancer; Immunotherapy
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[post_date] => 2021-11-26 11:03:05
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[post_title] => Reprogramming DNA Replication Mechanism to Stop Cancer Spreading
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[researchers_position] => Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taiwan
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[research_footprints] => PCNA; pY211 PCNA; ssDNA; cGAS; innate immune response; type I interferon
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/DNA-5.jpg
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[the_novelty] => This study proved that disrupting tyrosine-211 phosphorylation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pY211-PCNA) is crucial to stopping the spread of breast cancer. By blocking the phosphorylation of the key DNA replication coordinator (PCNA), the replication mechanism collapses. Thus, a series of inflammatory responses outside the tumor cell is triggered. Such immune response is mediated by natural killer (NK) cells which then signal the stop of tumor from spreading any further. These findings provided valuable insights on the previously unclear tumor-promoting signaling pathway. Potentially, such understanding would benefit the development of effective anti-cancer immunotherapy strategies.
[the_background] => Cancer cells have a strong replication stress-coping capability, enabling them to divide and grow uncontrollably compared to normal cells. Such characteristic is a result of the ability of these cancer cells to promote DNA damages repair. With that said, much of the underlying signaling mechanisms are still poorly understood. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the mechanisms involved in the regulation of DNA replication within breast cancer cells and understand the impacts on tumor progression.
[the_sdg_impact] => According to the statistics provided by WHO, an estimated 2.3 million women were diagnosed with breast cancer, with close to 700 000 deaths reported globally in 2020 alone. Existing treatment often consists of a combination of surgical removal, radiation therapy, and medication to prevent further spreading of the tumor. Hence, to reduce the mortality rate among women with breast cancer, research should explore effective tumor biomarkers and target pathways. By providing significant insights on how cell proliferation mechanisms can be reprogrammed to inhibit tumor growth, this study serves as a good reference in developing future immunotherapy.
[article_url] => https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211124721009712
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[publication_title] => Evading immune surveillance via tyrosine phosphorylation of nuclear PCNA
[journal_title] => Cell Reports
[publisher] => Elsevier
[year] => August 2021
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[post_title] => Addition of Diabetic Drug Increases Lung Cancer Treatment Effectiveness
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[research_footprints] => Cancer metabolism; Non-small-cell lung cancer; Predictive markers
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Smoking-.png
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study proved that non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who smoke are less likely to respond to existing epidermal growth factor receptors tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR TKI) treatment. The findings suggested that by including metformin, a drug for diabetes mellitus, the enzymatic activation of liver kinase B1 – AMP-activated protein kinase (LKB1-AMPK) will produce better response to EGFR TKI and clinical outcomes. This is primarily due to the effectiveness of the combination in improving treatment sensitivity and reducing tumor growth, as shown in both in vitro and in vivo attempts for patients with wild-type LKB1. Thus, confirming the proposed addition of AMPK activator metformin can overcome the treatment resistance experienced by a majority of wild-type EGFR NSCLC patients who smoke. Essentially, such insights are useful to design new therapeutic strategies for NSCLC patients who are least receptive to existing treatments.
[the_background] => The EGFR is among the key targets when treating NSCLC. Hence, EGFR TKI has been widely used as part of the initial treatment strategies. However, the clinical outcomes tend to vary in terms of effectiveness for NSCLC patients with wild-type EGFR. Increasingly, reports have associated smoking consequences with the development of lung cancer and the reduction of EGFR TKI treatment responsiveness in NSCLC patients. Therefore, this study aims to understand the EGFR TKI resistance mechanisms in NSCLC patients who smoke. The findings would potentially be used to explore an effective treatment strategy against NSCLC, especially for patients with wild-type EGFR.
[the_sdg_impact] => Approximately 80% to 85% of lung cancers are recognized as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). According to the National Cancer Institute of the U.S., smoking cigarettes, pipes, or cigars are major risk factors leading to the development of the disease. By identifying the biological mechanisms that associate cigarette extracts with NSCLC treatment resistance, this study expands the possibility of increasing the effectiveness of the existing treatment. Ultimately, the proposed combination of metformin with EGFR TKI would serve as a new therapeutic strategy to promote treatment response and reduce the mortality rate of patients with NSCLC. (SDG 3: Good health and well-being)
[article_url] => https://www.nature.com/articles/s41388-020-01597-1
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Smoking-4.jpg
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1038/s41388-020-01597-1
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[publication_title] => Cigarette smoke-induced LKB1/AMPK pathway deficiency reduces EGFR TKI sensitivity in NSCLC
[journal_title] => Oncogene
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => December 2020
[subject] => Medical; Lung Cancer
)
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[post_author] => 154
[post_date] => 2021-11-25 21:29:52
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-11-25 13:29:52
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Deciphering a New Bacterial Cyclic AMP–AMP–GMP Synthetase
[post_excerpt] =>
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[researchers_name] => CHEN, Yeh (陳曄)
[researchers_position] => Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taiwan
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Enzyme.png
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[graphic_abstract] =>
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[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This in-situ study reported the crystal structure of EcCdnD, a CD-NTase from Enterobacter cloacae that produces cyclic AMP-AMP-GMP in apo and substrate-bound forms. Besides having two ATP binding sites, its overall structure was different from that of other CD-NTase. Furthermore, the relationships between its structure and activities were discussed in detail. Findings showed that EcCdnD is active when it binds to ATP or a combination of ATP and GTP. Moreover, Mg2+ is the cofactor that contributes the most to the activity of EcCdnD. Based on the results, a catalytic pathway for the CTN-producing EcCdnD is proposed. Further research is needed to confirm the exact catalytic pathway.
[the_background] => Cyclic nucleotides are intracellular second messengers that regulate cell function by controlling the activity of protein kinases. Some cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs), which play crucial roles in the immune system, are synthesized by mammalian cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and its homolog dinucleotide cyclase in Vibrio cholerae (VcDncV). Among the recently discovered cGAS/DncV-like nucleotidyltransferases (CD-NTases), only two cyclic-trinucleotides (CTN)-producing Type I CD-NTases had undergone analysis of crystal structure. Therefore, this study was conducted to complement the knowledge gap by determining the structure and activity of EcCdnD in apo-form and when bounded to various substrates and mutants. Along with the possible catalytic mechanisms that produce CTNs, the output of this research serves as a robust reference for future studies of CTN-producing CD-NTases.
[the_sdg_impact] => Cyclic nucleotide signaling is an essential cellular central relay system that translates primary signals (e.g., hormonal stimuli or changes in the cellular environment) to a cellular response. Since the structure of bacterial CD-NTases is similar to that of mammalian cGAS and oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS), a better understanding of the former’s properties and catalytic pathway would help advance biomedical sciences. In extension, the biochemical and biophysical studies of EcCdnD in this research potentially contribute to the realization of UNSDG 3: Good Health & Well-Being by expanding the knowledge base of cyclic nucleotides.
[article_url] => https://academic.oup.com/nar/article/49/8/4725/6219115
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[publication_title] => Crystal structure and functional implication of a bacterial cyclic AMP–AMP–GMP synthetase
[journal_title] => Nucleic Acids Research
[publisher] => Oxford University Press
[year] => May 2021
[subject] => Medical; Drug Development
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[post_author] => 154
[post_date] => 2021-11-25 20:46:57
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-11-25 12:46:57
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => New Advanced Tool for Efficient Study of Lipid Characteristics
[post_excerpt] =>
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[post_name] => new-advanced-tool-for-efficient-study-of-lipid-characteristics
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[researchers_name] => CHENG, Wei-Chung (鄭維中)
[researchers_position] => Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taiwan
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Lipid-.png
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[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Lipid-2.jpeg
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[the_novelty] => Is there an efficient way to simplify the workflows of lipidomic analysis and studies of lipid characteristics? This research develops the first web-based platform, LipidSig, which allows users to conduct in-depth and comprehensive lipidomic analysis efficiently. Users can upload up to four tables of different analysis sections. Based on the data uploaded, LipidSig can carry out five functions (i.e. Profiling, Differential Expression, Correlation, Network, and Machine Learning) to analyze lipidomic change thoroughly. In addition, LipidSig has a unique feature that enables the conversion between lipid species and characteristics according to a user-defined characteristics table. As a web-based tool, there is great potential for LipidSig to be improved and optimized continuously to meet the needs of users.
[the_background] => Different from general metabolites, lipids could exert distinct biological functions not only as an individual but also as a group defined by a variety of lipid characteristics (e.g., lipid classes, shapes, double bonds, chain lengths, and hydroxyl groups). To date, one of the bottlenecks faced by lipidomic studies is the lack of analysis tools to efficiently analyze both lipid species and lipid characteristics. Despite the readiness of several tools for analysis of lipid characteristics, some of them impose strict formatting requirements on lipid names, while some can hardly conduct characteristics analyses beyond lipid class, chain length, and double bonds. Hence, this study develops the first web-based tool, LipidSig, which shows high efficiency and flexibility in analyzing streamlined data mining of lipidomic datasets. Being a completely free tool with advanced features, LipidSig provides researchers in lipidomics to further develop and enhance their research.
[the_sdg_impact] => Lipids play multiple crucial roles ranging from storing energy to forming signaling molecules. Thus, a comprehensive knowledge base for the diversity and composition of lipids will contribute to more significant discoveries of lipids’ biological functions. The potential of LipidSig in the development of lipidomics has been proven by its features to bridge the existing gaps in the lipid-specific analysis. With that, this study serves as an epitome to enhance physiological and pathological research as well as encourage further scientific discoveries as envisioned in UNSDG9: Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure.
[article_url] => https://academic.oup.com/nar/article/49/W1/W336/6287848
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Lipid-3.jpg
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkab419
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[publication_title] => LipidSig: a web-based tool for lipidomic data analysis
[journal_title] => Nucleic Acids Research
[publisher] => Oxford University Press
[year] => May 2021
[subject] => Medical; Computational Biology
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[post_date] => 2021-11-25 20:29:51
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-11-25 12:29:51
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[post_title] => Can COVID-19 Infection Cause Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases?
[post_excerpt] =>
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[researchers_name] => CHEN, Der-Yuan (陳得源)
[researchers_position] => College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taiwan
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/COVID.png
[researchers_profile] => https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Der-Yuan-Chen
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[research_footprints] => autoimmune disease; rheumatic disease; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; treatment
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => Why is the battle against COVID-19 far from over? The coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is known to have a complex array of messenger RNA (mRNA) and share molecular similarities with human proteins. Thus, upon infection, extreme autoimmune and inflammatory reactions could be triggered. Based on a systematic review of existing case reports, this study summarized a list of potential triggers of autoimmune and rheumatic diseases following the COVID-19 infection. Among the rare but significant incidences associated are autoimmune cytopenia, cutaneous vasculitis, encephalitis, and Guillain-Barre syndrome. However, it should be noted that most of the literature analyzed was of short-term case reports or case series. For a more definitive conclusion, the study suggests future research to consider establishing a long-term follow-up mechanism.
[the_background] => At present, the only available method to defend ourselves from COVID-19 is through vaccination. However, there are rising concerns and hesitancy among vaccine recipients due to its potential to trigger autoimmune and rheumatic complications. Moreover, the rapidly piling up literature makes it even harder for information seekers to acquire reliable and recent resources. Therefore, this study aimed to compile existing evidence from peer-reviewed sources such as PubMed and EMBASE to verify and produce a list of autoimmune and rheumatic diseases potentially associated with COVID-19 infection. Such a thorough overview would benefit vaccine developers in terms of vaccine design and post-marketing surveillance.
[the_sdg_impact] => While the UN’s 3rd SDG, Good health and well-being, focused on increasing life expectancy and reducing mortality rates of some common diseases, more efforts are required to manage a wide range of other existing and emerging health issues. The 2020 COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global health crisis where the preparedness of healthcare systems of developed and under-developed nations is equally challenged to manage a threat of such scale. Hence, this study would serve as a good reference for healthcare authorities when handling the global immunization efforts against COVID-19.
[article_url] => https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.645013/full
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/COVID2.jpg
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.645013
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[publication_title] => Autoimmune and Rheumatic Manifestations Associated With COVID-19 in Adults: An Updated Systematic Review
[journal_title] => Frontiers in Immunology
[publisher] => Frontiers
[year] => March 2020
[subject] => Medical; Covid-19
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[post_date] => 2021-11-25 19:51:29
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-11-25 11:51:29
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[post_title] => Inhalation of Heavy Metals Lead to Asthma Development in Children
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[post_name] => inhalation-of-heavy-metals-lead-to-asthma-development-in-children
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[researchers_name] => HWANG, Bing-Fang (黃彬芳)
[researchers_position] => College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taiwan
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[research_footprints] => Heavy metals; asthma; birth cohort; vulnerable time windows; coexposure
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/asthma.jpg
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study provided evidence that combined exposure to heavy metals (Pb with As, Cd, and Hg) during pregnancy and infancy periods could cause children to develop asthma in later stages. The findings primarily focused on understanding the effects of such exposure on the lung development mechanism and to recognize the sensitive time windows which lead to the risk of asthma development in children. Contrary to most occupational exposure to high levels of heavy metal exposure, even low levels of these components when inhaled during and post-pregnancy by the mother and infant could trigger the disease. The specific sensitive time windows identified are during gestational weeks 1 to 14 and 21 to 40, and 1 to 3 weeks after birth. These results serve as a warning to pregnant women and mothers to avoid getting themselves and their newborns exposed to serious outdoor air pollution.
[the_background] => Asthma is a common allergic respiratory disease among children and adults. Much of the causes of this disease are either genetic or environmental. Past studies have linked exposure to air pollution with numerous respiratory diseases development. However, most of these studies evaluate the effects of high levels of heavy metals exposure under working environment. To date, there are limited evidence on the effects of low-level exposures of such poor air quality on children with asthma. Therefore, this study focused on assessing the effects of inhaling traces of heavy metals during and post-pregnancy to determine accurate sensitive time windows.
[the_sdg_impact] => Globally, more than 300 million people suffer from asthma. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the number of patients with asthma is expected to increase by 100 million by 2025. On the other hand, it is undeniable that the air quality has deteriorated over the years due to pollution and high levels of fine particulate matter in the air continue to impose greater health concerns. Thus, the study findings are essential for pregnant women and new mothers to take necessary precaution to avoid exposure to serious air pollution. Moreover, healthcare practitioners could use the findings are a reference to advise the groups at risk to take appropriate measures to ensure the healthy development of their children (SDG 3: Good health and well-being).
[article_url] => https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(20)32424-6/ppt
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/asthma-3.jpg
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2020.12.634
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[publication_title] => Combined exposure to heavy metals in PM2.5 and pediatric asthma
[journal_title] => Asthma and Lower Airway Disease
[publisher] => American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
[year] => December 2020
[subject] => Medical; Asthma
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[post_date] => 2021-11-25 19:26:45
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[post_title] => High Pre-surgery Blood Sugar Levels Can Extend Patient Hospitalization Period
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[researchers_name] => KUO, Chin-Chi (郭錦輯)
[researchers_position] => College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taiwan
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[the_novelty] => This research evaluated the risk of prolonged hospital stay as a result of high blood sugar levels recorded before non-critical surgeries regardless of patient diabetic status. A large retrospective cohort study was conducted by analyzing patients' medical records of appendectomy and laparoscopic cholecystectomy at China Medical University Hospital (CMUH), Taiwan, between 2003 and 2016. The findings proved that patients with higher preoperative blood glucose (POBG) level undergoing these standard procedures are more likely to have an extended hospitalization than those with lower POBG levels. To be precise, appendectomy patients with POBG levels of ≥123 mg/dL are 19% more likely to stay beyond 3 days in the hospital, while laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients with POBG levels of ≥128 mg/dL had a 17% higher risk. Thus, it was concluded that the optimal POBG level with reduced risks might be lower than the current standards for common surgeries. Such insight could improve existing clinical practice guidelines for patients undergoing surgery to ensure an effective recovery experience.
[the_background] => There is an ongoing debate on whether routine blood sugar levels before surgery are necessary for healthy or asymptomatic adults. To date, there are no fixed guidelines available for such assessment, especially for those undergoing elective non-critical surgical procedures. However, increasing evidence has shown that high preoperative blood sugar levels do harm surgical patients. Hence, this research aimed to assess the effect of POBG level on hospital length of stay in patients undergoing appendectomy or laparoscopic cholecystectomy, both of which are highly standardized and regulated non-critical procedures. The findings would serve as a potential basis for exploring the role of POBG levels in determining factors affecting patient recovery.
[the_sdg_impact] => The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery (LCoGS) 2030 report, supported by WHO, aims to strengthen global surgical ecosystems, especially by focusing on the integration of emergency and essential surgical care within universal health coverage (UHC) plans (Global Surgery 2030). From a broader perspective, these efforts are directed to enable economic growth, UHC, and the achievement of UN SDGs. When looked at closely, the findings of this research could potentially play an important role in improving under-addressed surgical issues and providing quality healthcare services for patients (SDG 3: Good health and well-being).
[article_url] => https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/44/1/107
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/blood-2.jpg
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-0963
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[publication_title] => Association Between Preoperative Blood Glucose Level and Hospital Length of Stay for Patients Undergoing Appendectomy or Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
[journal_title] => Diabetes Care
[publisher] => American Diabetes Association
[year] => October 2020
[subject] => Medical; Diabetes
)
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[post_date] => 2021-11-25 18:33:52
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-11-25 10:33:52
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[post_title] => Characterization of Initial Key Steps of IL-17 Receptor B Oncogenic Signaling for Targeted Therapy of Pancreatic Cancer
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[researchers_name] => LEE, Wen-Hwa (李文華)
[researchers_position] => Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taiwan
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/pancreatic-.png
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[researchers_name_2] => WU, Heng-Hsiung (吳恒祥)
[researchers_position_2] => Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taiwan
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[original_article_reference] =>
[research_footprints] => N/A
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study includes different proteomics, genomics, and imaging experiments conducted on in-vitro (cellular) and in-vivo (animal) models. The findings established the role of interleukin 17 receptor B (IL-17RB) in tumorigenesis and metastasis of pancreatic cancer via a distinct pathway. It revealed that the phosphorylation of tyrosine-447 (Y447) is highy important for IL-17 induced signaling IL-17RB, which associates with clinically aggressive pancreatic tumors. Upon discovering the importance of mixed-lineage kinase 4 (MLK4) in IL-17RB signal transduction, it was found that two identical subunits of IL-17RB need to form a complex, a homodimerize, to be able to recruit MLK4. Moreover, phosphorylation of IL-17RB at Y447 proved vital for the recruitment of other important proteins for its downstream signaling pathway. The significance of these findings was further validated when treatment with a loop peptide dampened the phosphorylation of Y447 and reduced metastasis progression in pancreatic cancer. By understanding the signaling mechanism of IL-17RB which triggers tumorigenesis, potential treatment strategies for pancreatic tumors can be further explored.
[the_background] => Unlike other IL-17 receptors, the role and physiological nuances of IL-17RB in inflammation or pancreatic cancer remain unclear in past studies. Similarly, the binding of ligand IL-17 to the homodimer or heterodimer complex of the receptor was unknown. This study has not just answered these questions but also demonstrated the signal transduction and mediators involved in binding IL-17 to IL-17RB to elicit its tumorigenicity. The findings proved that inhibiting IL-17RB activation diminishes tumorigenesis and metastasis, reducing pancreatic tumor development, especially in-vivo. One of the limitations of the study is the inability to assess the conformational change of the receptor to recruit related mediators, which opens avenue for future studies to validate this using cryo-electron microscopy. In addition, modification on the loop peptide to target critical steps involved in IL-17RB oncogenic signaling will potentially reveal new chemical entities as candidates for treatment in pancreatic cancer.
[the_sdg_impact] => The incidence of pancreatic cancer has been increasing by the year. In 2020, close to 500,000 new pancreatic cancer incidences were recorded globally, and an almost equal number of people died of the disease. Thus, making it the 7th most common cause of cancer-related death (WHO, 2020). It is worrying that high mortality and incidence of the malignancy are correlated to high prevalence of other comorbidities, implying compromised quality of life. Hence, it is highly crucial to invest in discovering more effective treatments for this cancer to support United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (UNSDG)3: Good health and well-being, to empower the health of the global community to improve the quality of human capital.
[article_url] => https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scitranslmed.abc2823
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/pancreatic-4.jpg
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[publication_title] => Characterization of initial key steps of IL-17 receptor B oncogenic signaling for targeted therapy of pancreatic cancer
[journal_title] => Science Translational Medicine
[publisher] => AAAS
[year] => March 2021
[subject] => Medical; Pancreatic cancer
)
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[post_author] => 154
[post_date] => 2021-11-22 19:49:52
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-11-22 11:49:52
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Understanding the Least Explored Branching Patterns of a Jellyfish’s Tentacles
[post_excerpt] =>
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[post_name] => understanding-the-least-explored-branching-patterns-of-a-jellyfishs-tentacles
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[researchers_name] => KUMANO, Gaku (熊野岳)
[researchers_position] => Asamushi Research Center for Marine Biology, Graduate School of Life Science, Tohoku University, Japan
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/medusa-.png
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[research_footprints] => Adhesive organ; Branching morphogenesis; Cladonema pacificum; Cnidarian; Jellyfish; Medusa tentacle; Mesoderm; Nematocyst; RTK signaling
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/medusa-2.png
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study highlights the unique formation of medusa tentacles in jellyfish, C. pacificum, and the mechanisms involved. The formation of these tentacles followed a simple branching rule observed only in this species combined with a specific cell signalling, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) signalling. Findings indicated that tentacles branch through repeated addition of new branches to the proximal region of the main tentacle during the elongation process. Noticeably, the use of a simple rule to create complex branched structures is also found in branching morphogenesis of other animals such as Drosophila and mammals. In addition, receptor tyrosine kinase signalling could be required for the C. pacificum tentacle branch formation just like organ branch formation in Drosophila and mammals. Results also showed that changing functions of the branches from sticking to surfaces to hunting prey during the development process. As a whole, such an in-depth understanding of the unique branching features of a least studied species like the jellyfish could potentially benefit future animal development studies.
[the_background] => Branched structures are formed in certain organs of various species to carry out a range of functions. Previous literature showed the formation and functions in fruit flies’ trachea and mammalian organs such as lungs. Generally, branched tentacles are rare in jellyfishes except for jellyfishes in the Cladonematidae family. It is currently unclear how different or conserved mechanisms are involved in forming branched organs across the animal kingdom, as most available literature focused primarily on fruit flies and mammals. Therefore, this study aims to provide descriptive and functional information on the branching pattern of branched tentacles in jellyfishes.
[the_sdg_impact] => N/A
[article_url] => https://zoologicalletters.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40851-019-0124-4
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/medusa-4.jpg
[podcast] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Zoology-08_11434571_1637580283.mp3
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1186/s40851-019-0124-4
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[publication_title] => Branching pattern and morphogenesis of medusa tentacles in the jellyfish Cladonema pacificum (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria)
[journal_title] => Zoological Letters
[publisher] => BMC
[year] => March 2019
[subject] => Zoology; Biological Sciences
)
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[post_date] => 2021-11-22 17:39:49
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-11-22 09:39:49
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Uncovering the Mechanism for Treating Depression
[post_excerpt] =>
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[post_name] => uncovering-the-mechanism-for-treating-depression
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[researchers_name] => SU, Kuan-Pin (蘇冠賓)
[researchers_position] => Departments of Psychiatry, and Mind-Body Interface Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taiwan
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Kuan.png
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[research_footprints] => Cell biology; Molecular biology; Neuroscience
[graphic_abstract] =>
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[video] =>
[the_novelty] => What is the molecular mechanism underlying the potential of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) in treating depression and reducing neuron inflammation? Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are found to have antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. For the first time, this study identified lipoxygenase (LOX) and cytochrome P450 (CYP450) EPA/DHA metabolites as the mediators of the protective effect of these ω-3 PUFAs. Lipid mediators hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (HEPE), hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (HDHA), epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (EpETE), and epoxydocosapentaenoic acid (EpDPA) were detected in the human brain after EPA and DHA were metabolized. Therefore, co-treatment with soluble epoxide hydroxylase (sEH) enzyme inhibitor, TPPU, was able to amplify the protective effects. Consistent results were obtained from both in vitro and clinical studies. As an extension, the research will involve a larger cohort of depressed patients and other forms of ω-3 PUFAs metabolites, such as endocannabinoids, in the future.
[the_background] => A correlation between severe depression and inflammation was reported in past studies. However, even though EPA and DHA were proven to exhibit anti-inflammatory and antidepressant properties, its mechanism remained obscure. Therefore, an effective anti-inflammatory treatment strategy is crucial. Meanwhile, there was no evidence from past literature that ω-3 lipid metabolites were produced in the human brain. For the first time, this study demonstrated that EPA and DHA were broken down in neurons into lipid mediators, which improved depressive symptoms. These findings are crucial in developing an effective therapeutic strategy for depression and other inflammation-associated brain disorders.
[the_sdg_impact] => Approximately 280 million people worldwide suffer from depression, the most common mental disorder leading to suicide. More importantly, to date, there is no effective treatment that is safe for daily use. Hence, by uncovering the mechanism in which EPA and DHA exhibit anti-inflammatory and antidepressant properties, an effective therapeutic supplement can be developed to curb depression with minimal adverse effects. In short, the output of this study contributes significantly to the development of medicines for inflammation-associated brain disorders, fulfilling UNSDG 3: Good Health & Well-Being.
[article_url] => https://www.nature.com/articles/s41380-021-01160-8
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/DHA-2.jpg
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[publication_title] => Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids protect against inflammation through production of LOX and CYP450 lipid mediators: relevance for major depression and for human hippocampal neurogenesis
[journal_title] => Molecular Psychiatry
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => June 2021
[subject] => Medical; Psychiatry; Depression
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[post_date] => 2021-11-22 17:21:18
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-11-22 09:21:18
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => New Protein Target as Treatment Strategy in Metastatic Lung Cancer
[post_excerpt] =>
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[post_name] => new-protein-target-as-treatment-strategy-in-metastatic-lung-cancer
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[researchers_name] => SHER. Yuh-Pyng (佘玉萍)
[researchers_position] => Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taiwan
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/BASP1-.png
[researchers_profile] => https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yuh-Pyng-Sher
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[research_footprints] => lung adenocarcinoma; BASP1; arsenic trioxide; EGFR-TKI acquired resistance; combination therapy
[graphic_abstract] =>
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[video] =>
[the_novelty] => The study identified an interaction between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and brain acid soluble protein-1 (BASP1) that contributes to EGFR signaling in brain metastatic lung cancer. The results demonstrated that BASP1 is associated with poorer outcomes, enhances cellular proliferation, and colony formation in lung cancer. The BASP1 role in tumorigenicity was proven via in-vitro and in-vivo by investigating the migration and metastatic potential of the protein of interest in this tumor. One of the most important discoveries of this research is the interaction between BASP1 and EGFR that enhances EGFR signaling, which activates a positive feedback loop by recruitment of BASP1 to lipid rafts. This finding enabled the researchers to identify the harmful impact of BASP1 in reducing drug sensitivity in lung cancer treatment. The light shed on the role of BASP1 via these discoveries encouraged the scientists to identify potential synergistic treatment options for lung cancer with arsenic trioxide and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) combination. Future studies exploring the functions of BASP1 based on its localization in different tumors can further reveal the universal role of the protein in various malignancies.
[the_background] => TKIs targeting EGFR are among the first-line treatment options for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the development of resistance over time eventually renders the treatment ineffective. Hence, it becomes crucial to discover therapeutic strategies that inhibit alternative tumor survival signaling pathways that maintain persistent oncogenic EGFR signaling. This study explored the interaction between BASP1 and EGFR, especially in lung cancer with brain metastasis, and investigated potential combination treatment that targets the BASP1-EGFR axis to overcome TKIs resistance. Contrary to the known function of BASP1 as a tumor suppressor, the study revealed that BASP1 is highly expressed and associated with poorer outcomes in brain metastasis. The findings highlighted a promising outcome through blockage of the positive feedback loop between EGFR and BASP1. Thus, paving the way for future research on potential treatment strategies using EGFR TKIs for lung cancer.
[the_sdg_impact] => According to WHO, lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths in 2020, accounting for 1.8 million deaths with 2.21 million new cases recorded. The death to new cases ratio is the highest for lung cancer, urging the discovery of an effective therapeutic regimen for the disease, especially in brain metastatic lung cancer. This study focused on identifying the molecular basis behind therapeutic failure and poor prognosis in lung cancer. Ultimately, the findings would contribute to developing possible resistant-free and more effective treatment for lung cancer. Such a study is necessary to improve clinical management of the disease and potentially reduce mortality rates (SDG 3: Good health and well-being).
[article_url] => https://www.thno.org/v10p10925.htm
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[publication_title] => Targeting positive feedback between BASP1 and EGFR as a therapeutic strategy for lung cancer progression
[journal_title] => Nanotheranostics
[publisher] => Theranostics
[year] => August 2020
[subject] => Medical; Biomedical Sciences; Lung Cancer
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[post_date] => 2021-11-22 16:55:26
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[post_title] => Potential Environmental cause of Allergic Rhinitis Development in Children
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[post_name] => potential-environmental-cause-of-allergic-rhinitis-development-in-children
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[researchers_name] => HWANG, Bing-Fang (黃彬芳)
[researchers_position] => College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taiwan
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/paediatric-.png
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[research_footprints] => asthma epidemiology; clinical epidemiology; paediatric lung disaese
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[figures] =>
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[the_novelty] => This study further affirms that exposures to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) during late pregnancy and early infancy increase the risk of allergic rhinitis (AR) development in a later stage. Despite the past association of PM2.5 exposure with the cause of AR, this is the first birth cohort study to identify the vulnerable time window, which is from gestation to early childhood. Potentially, such a scenario is triggered by the exposure of PM2.5 during critical stages of the sino-nasal development during late pregnancy and early infancy stages. The results would serve as a reference to determine the appropriate methods to decrease adverse effects of the condition. That said, further investigation on PM2.5 association with AR development is needed to verify the vulnerable time window suggested by this study.
[the_background] => Allergic rhinitis (AR), also called hay fever, is a series of inflammatory reactions triggered by environmental or indoor allergens, such as pollen, dust, skin flake, and mold. While AR is not a life-threatening disease, the array of symptoms associated with the condition is known to cause significant inconvenience to those diagnosed with it. Past studies have linked fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure with several allergic respiratory diseases, yet its role in AR development remains unclear. Moreover, there are conflicts between findings in Asian and Western countries regarding long-term PM2.5 exposure and AR incidence. Therefore, this study combined a large population-based birth cohort study with satellite data to identify the PM2.5 exposure period and evaluate its impact on the onset of AR.
[the_sdg_impact] => An article in Medscape highlighted that allergic rhinitis incidence had increased worldwide. Approximately 40% of children are affected, of which the highest prevalence of severe AR is found in Africa and Latin America. Similarly, the air quality has deteriorated over the years due to pollution and high levels of fine particulate matter in the air continue to impose greater health concerns. Thus, the study findings are essential to healthcare practitioners to advise expectant mothers and mothers of newborns to take appropriate measures to ensure the healthy development of their children (SDG 3: Good health and well-being).
[article_url] => https://thorax.bmj.com/content/early/2021/01/26/thoraxjnl-2020-215025.info?versioned=true
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/paediatric-2.jpg
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[publication_title] => Effect of exposure to fine particulate matter during pregnancy and infancy on paediatric allergic rhinitis
[journal_title] => Environmental Exposure
[publisher] => BMJ
[year] => June 2021
[subject] => Medical; Occupational Safety and Health
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[post_date] => 2021-09-28 09:31:57
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[post_title] => Neutral Particle Analyzer Optimizing to Improve Tokamak Performance
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[researchers_name] => LUO, Yuan (罗圆)
[researchers_position] => Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, China
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Yuan-Luo.png
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[researchers_name_2] => LIN, Weiping (林炜平)
[researchers_position_2] => Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, China
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[original_article_reference] =>
[research_footprints] => pressure distribution; International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor; GEANT4; cross section; magnetic field; experimental advanced superconducting tokamak; Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor; computational fluid dynamics; charge exchange; Joint European Torus
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/NST_Article-12_V0.jpg
[figures] =>
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[the_novelty] => This study constructed a windowless gas stripping room with two differential pipes in a neutral particle analyzer (NPA) with parallel electric and magnetic fields (E//B), a diagnosis device in Tokamak (toroidal device used in nuclear fusion research for magnetic confinement plasmas). As a result, the new design eliminated the replacement of stripping foils and eased the operation maintenance process. Moreover, multiple simulations, such as ANSYS Fluent, MolFlow+, and GEANT4, were applied to evaluate the design performance in terms of gas pressure distribution and stripping efficiency. It was identified that the optimum pressure for maximum global efficiency is 240 Pa. In the long run, the findings could improve the NPA diagnosis for the nuclear fusion study.
[the_background] => As a diagnosis device in the Tokamak, an NPA measures the charge exchange neutral particles escaping from plasma. Its functions include studying the energy distribution of fast ions and the isotopic ratio of the plasma. An NPA consists of a stripping unit that re-ionizes the neutral particles escaping from the Tokamak through charge exchange reactions. The stripping unit comprises stripping material in the form of either stripping foil or stripping gas. This study designs and simulates a windowless gas stripping room with two differential pipes in an E//B NPA to improve the device’s performance and maintenance, especially in terms of optimum pressure for maximum global efficiency. The simulation results would serve as a reliable reference for future practical applications.
[the_sdg_impact] => At present, power plants generate electricity and energy through fossil fuels, nuclear fission, or renewable energy sources. A Tokamak is an experimental machine designed to harness the energy of nuclear fusion, potentially serving as an alternative to future energy generation. To turn such experimental design into reality, it is crucial for researchers to constantly explore new ways to improve and maintain the performance of the Tokamak facility. Therefore, the findings of this study contribute to the efforts of the understanding and the betterment of the device. It would eventually be beneficial to advance the future of energy production. (UNSDG 9: Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure)
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41365-021-00909-8
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Tokamak.jpg
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[publication_title] => A simulation study of a windowless gas-stripping room in an E//B neutral particle analyzer
[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => July 2021
[subject] => Engineering; Nuclear Physics; Nuclear Technology; Applied Physics
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[post_date] => 2021-09-26 16:17:47
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-09-26 08:17:47
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[post_title] => Fast and Accurate Way to Detect Special Nuclear Materials Being Smuggled
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[researchers_position_2] => School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, China
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[research_footprints] => region of interest; standard deviation; nuclear material; nuclear resonance fluorescence; spectroscopy; special nuclear material
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/NST_Article-13_V2-2.jpg
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study proposed an improvement to the existing special nuclear materials (SNMs) detection models by combining two spectroscopy techniques, i.e., scattering nuclear resonance fluorescence (sNRF) and transmission-NRF-based computed tomography (tNRF-CT). The combination enabled the proposed detector to identify isotopic composition and spatial distribution of 235,238U when concealed in a 3-cm diameter iron rod. The outcome indicated a shortened interrogation time by one order of magnitude, making it a more rapid and sensitive option than the current tNRF-CT approach. Thus, the successful attempt of the proposed model in lowering the missed-detection rate within a realistic interrogation time would be of great value to upgrade national and global security systems.
[the_background] => The integrity of global security has constantly been threatened due to the potential smuggling of special nuclear materials (SNMs) across borders and through ports of entry. As a matter of fact, the Incident Trafficking Database developed by the International Atomic EnergyAgency has reported several hundred incidents of illicit trafficking and malicious use of certain nuclear and radioactive materials. Existing passive detection systems are ineffective when the interrogated SNMs are shielded, considering the low spontaneous radiation intensity and energy emitted in most cases. Therefore, this study proposed an active detection technique that uses external radiation sources to develop a more accurate, effective, and practical approach to non-destructively inspect SNMs, especially uranium.
[the_sdg_impact] => International organizations such as the Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI) in the U.S. and the United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs (UNODA) are constantly trying to strengthen global security against threats, one of which is nuclear terrorism. Hazardous nuclear materials falling into the wrong hands could lead to catastrophic events ranging from poisoning and radiation burns to nuclear attacks. To prevent such incidents, security systems need to be constantly upgraded, especially in terms of material inspections at borders, ports, and checkpoints. This study proposed a feasible technique to improve the non-destructive inspection capability of special nuclear material (SNM) through an innovative combination of imaging technologies. The outcome indicates that integration of such techniques could be beneficial to strengthening national and international security systems against nuclear smuggling, in extension, maintaining world peace. (UNSDG 9: Innovation, industry and infrastructure; UNSDG 16: Peace, justice and strong institutions)
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41365-021-00914-x
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/nuclear-1.jpg
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[publication_title] => Rapid interrogation of special nuclear materials by combining scattering and transmission nuclear resonance fluorescence spectroscopy
[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => August 2021
[subject] => Engineering; Nuclear Physics; Nuclear Technology; Applied Physics
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[ID] => 30579
[post_author] => 154
[post_date] => 2021-09-26 11:08:04
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-09-26 03:08:04
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Baseline Test Results of 650 MHz Cavities BCP Treated for CEPC
[post_excerpt] =>
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[post_name] => baseline-test-results-of-650-mhz-cavities-bcp-treated-for-cepc
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[researchers_name] => SHA, Peng (沙鹏)
[researchers_position] => Accelerator Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/CEPC.png
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[researchers_name_2] => HAO, Jiankui (郝建奎)
[researchers_position_2] => State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology & Institute of Heavy Ion Physics, Peking University, China
[researchers_photo_2] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/CEPC2.png
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[original_article_reference] =>
[research_footprints] => radio frequency; superconducting radio frequency; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory; circular electron positron collider; quality factor
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/NST_Article-11_V1.jpg
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study has found that nitrogen doping/infusion could increase the intrinsic quality factor (Q0) of the 650 MHz cavities used in a circular electron-positron collider (CEPC). Adopting a buffered chemical polishing (BCP) surface baseline prior to the nitrogen infusion of a 650 MHz 2-cell cavity yielded a Q0 of 6 × 1010 at 22 MV/m in the vertical test and a maximum gradient of 25 MV/m. The Q0 exceeded the specification of CEPC, i.e., 4 × 1010 at 22 MV/m. By optimizing nitrogen infusion and BCP, the performance of the 650 MHz cavity can be further enhanced.
[the_background] => The CEPC is a high-energy collider of the Higgs factory. Constructed 100 m underground, two hundred and forty 650 MHz 2-cell cavities and ninety-six 1.3 GHz 9-cell cavities exist in the collider and the booster. The 650 MHz 2-cell cavities economically support the cryogenics system by operating in continuous wave mode with high-quality factor (Q). Electro-polishing (EP) is commonly adopted for the nitrogen doping/infusion of the cavities abroad. However, in China, buffered chemical polishing (BCP) is relatively more feasible to be adopted instead. This study conducted a nitrogen infusion and doping study on 650 MHz cavities BCP treated to confirm its feasibility. Results showed that the Q0 achieved exceeded the specifications of CEPC. Therefore, nitrogen doping/infusion of cavities BCP treated is effective and easy to promote.
[the_sdg_impact] => Superconducting cavities with high Q and gradient are advocated by many applications, such as wastewater and sludge treatment, safety, flue gas treatment, nuclear waste destruction, etc. The highly effective BCP surface baseline reported in this study offers an alternative option to researchers seeking a feasible surface baseline for nitrogen doping/infusion besides EP. Hence, this study aligns with the objectives of UNSDG 9: Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure, to enhance scientific research.
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs41365-021-00881-3
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/CEPC3.jpg
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[publication_title] => Nitrogen doping/infusion of 650 MHz cavities for CEPC
[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => May 2021
[subject] => Engineering; Nuclear Physics; Nuclear Technology; Applied Physics
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[post_date] => 2021-09-17 10:33:30
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-09-17 02:33:30
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Formation of Fin Rays Pattern of Zebrafish
[post_excerpt] =>
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[researchers_name] => TAMURA, Koji (田村宏治)
[researchers_position] => Department of Ecological Developmental Adaptability Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Japan
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Zebrafish.png
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[researchers_name_2] => ABE, Gembu (阿部玄武)
[researchers_position_2] => Department of Ecological Developmental Adaptability Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Japan
[researchers_photo_2] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Zebrafish-2.png
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[research_footprints] => danio rerio; limb development; standard length; polymerase chain reaction; phenotypic variation; fin ray; zone of polarizing activity; apical ectodermal ridge
[graphic_abstract] =>
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[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study showed that the connections between fin rays and distal radials influence patterns exhibited by zebrafish's pectoral fin rays along the antero-posterior (AP) axis. Through detailed morphological observation, it was noted that the formation of the pattern relied on the developmental genes for AP patterning in the limb/fin bud. Such developmental mechanisms were similar to those of the distal element of the limb skeleton. The reported topological relationships and development processes serve as valuable literature to facilitate studies related to the skeletal patterns of fish.
[the_background] => Fin rays are rod-like support of the fin membrane. They are often observed in various fish and are attached to the distal radials to exhibit patterns. However, there were limited reports on pattern formation. Furthermore, the topological relationships, as well as the developmental process between the fin rays and distal radials, were ambiguous. This study intended to investigate the topological relationships, which are the structural organizations, and developmental mechanisms in forming patterns of fin rays along the antero-posterior axis. The findings also showed how different parts of zebrafish are closely related in the development to form important structures for supporting daily activities.
[the_sdg_impact] => Morphological studies contribute to a range of implications, be it to deepen the understanding of the biological evolution of organisms or design development of infrastructure. The techniques used in this study do not just provide deeper insights into the structures of zebrafish's fin ray and distal radials; instead, the findings could potentially be useful to marine researchers interested in exploring similar structures of other aquatic creatures. Directly and indirectly, such understanding could provide better solutions in sustaining marine resources (UN SDG 14: Life below water). Moreover, understanding fin design and development is crucial in diversifying hydrodynamics-related experiments and features needed to build resilient infrastructure and foster innovation (UN SDG 9: Industry, innovation, and infrastructure).
[article_url] => https://zoologicalletters.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40851-019-0145-z
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Zebrafish3.jpg
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[publication_title] => Pattern of fin rays along the antero-posterior axis based on their connection to distal radials
[journal_title] => Zoological Letters
[publisher] => BMC
[year] => September 2019
[subject] =>
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[post_date] => 2021-09-07 09:28:18
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[post_title] => Rare and Extraordinary Structural Characteristics of the Common Freshwater Moss Animal - Stephanella Hina
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[researchers_name] => HIROSE, Masato (広瀬雅人)
[researchers_position] => School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Japan
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/bryozoan-5-1.png
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[research_footprints] => morphology; scanning microscopy; Stephanellidae; laser scanning; Epistome; sister group
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[the_novelty] => The study found that the general structural characteristics between Stephanella hina and other freshwater bryozoans (moss animals) were not too different. However, Stephanella hina did possess distinct cladistic traits, separating it from the rest of the freshwater bryozoans. The most distinctive feature of Stephanella hina, according to the in-vivo analysis, is their lophophore structure and neuromuscular intricacies, differing from other Phylactolaemate bryozoans. However, it remains unclear if these differences are biologically classified as non-ancestral (apomorphic) or ancestrally shared (plesiomorphic), suggesting a potential future expansion.
[the_background] => This research describes features that differentiate Stephanella hina from other Phylactolaemate bryozoans. Bryozoa are essentially a category or phylum comprising aquatic colonies that are especially diverse in marine areas. Phylactolaemata is a division within Bryozoa that describes colonies native to freshwater, such as Stephanella hina. There has not been much detailed research conducted on Stephanella hina to properly understand the structural characteristics of this species. Therefore this study performed a thorough in-vivo analysis to fulfill the research gap. This study suggests an analysis of the family Lophopodidae, the early branch in Phylactolaemate bryozoans, to truly understand if the differences found were ancestral (plesiomorphic) or non-ancestral (apomorphic).
[the_sdg_impact] => A quick observation of Stephanella hina distribution through NatureServe Explorer (see: https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.119240/Stephanella_hina) will reveal that much about the species is a mystery aside from generic taxonomic information. Since the Phylactolaemate bryozoans are the early branch of the phylum Bryozoa, describing and understanding the structural characteristics of this group, as such, findings from this research would also contribute to increased scientific knowledge per Sustainable Developmental Goal 14.A to further advance marine health. Understanding the differences between Stephanella hina and other Phylactolaemate bryozoans allows effective enactment of SDG 14.5 to conserve at least 10 percent of coastal and marine areas based on reliable scientific information through means that complement the differences. Understanding the origin of these differences is crucial to determine if the differences are plesiomorphic or apomorphic to further enhance scientific and conservation efforts.
[article_url] => https://zoologicalletters.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40851-020-00165-5
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[publication_title] => Morphology of Stephanella hina (Bryozoa, Phylactolaemata): common phylactolaemate and unexpected, unique characters
[journal_title] => Zoological Letters
[publisher] => BMC
[year] => November 2020
[subject] => Zoology; Marine Biosciences
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[post_date] => 2021-09-06 21:39:48
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[post_title] => Higher Efficiency Targeted Gene Integration in Medaka
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[researchers_name] => KINOSHITA, Masato (木下政人)
[researchers_position] => Graduate Schools Agriculture, Kyoto University, Japan
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[research_footprints] => Homology-directed repair; Medaka; microhomology-mediated end joining; sodium dodecyl sulfate; central nervous system; mutagenesis; bacterial artificial chromosome; homologous recombination; clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats; transcription activator; genome editing; oryzias; non-homologous end-joining
[graphic_abstract] =>
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[video] =>
[the_novelty] => The CRISPR/Cas is a tool known for its targeted gene integration, yet there is room for overall efficiency enhancement. This study demonstrated that targeted gene integration events could be induced more efficiently using donor plasmids with longer homology arms than those with shorter homology arms. Besides that, linearization of circular donor plasmids and utilization of suitable bait sequences also increased the efficiency. The targeted gene integration events were attempted using CRISPR/Cas system and donor plasmids with homologous sequences in medaka (Oryzias latipes). The results implied that its efficiency was possible to be further increased via suitable techniques.
[the_background] => The CRISPR/Cas system is a powerful genome-editing tool. Despite being well-known for its potential, the number of reports on targeted gene integration using the CRISPR/Cas system was scarce. This implied the availability of room for optimization on the performance of this system. Therefore, via in vivo and in silico experiments, this study attempted to enhance the efficiency of targeted gene integration events in medaka. Such effort paves a path for related future research to be carried out more effectively using similar methods in other fish species.
[the_sdg_impact] => Gene-editing technology is capable of re-designing the genome of organisms and plants. Imperfections, such as inherited illness, are possible to be eliminated in the offsprings through this technology. Meanwhile, the techniques to increase the efficiency of the CRISPR/Cas system create higher possibilities to achieve better results in gene editing. By introducing these techniques, the outcome of this study is able to facilitate future studies which adopt the CRISPR/Cas system. Hence, this research is well-aligned with UNSDG 9: Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure by enhancing scientific research.
[article_url] => https://zoologicalletters.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40851-017-0071-x
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/medaka-2.jpg
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[publication_title] => An efficient system for homology-dependent targeted gene integration in medaka (Oryzias latipes)
[journal_title] => Zoological Letters
[publisher] => BMC
[year] => July 2017
[subject] => Zoology; Agriculture
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[post_date] => 2021-08-25 15:50:02
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[post_title] => Cancer-Inducing Ligand-Receptor Pair
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[researchers_name] => HUNG, Mien-Chie (洪明奇)
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[research_footprints] => ligand-binding domain; breast cancer; tyrosine kinase; lymph node; western blotting; extracellular domain; horseradish peroxidase; tissue microarray; standard deviation; American Type Culture Collection; phosphate-buffered saline; epidermal growth factor receptor; proximity ligation assay; ephrin a4; hepatocyte growth factor receptor; E. coli; small hairpin RNA; receptor tyrosine kinase
[graphic_abstract] =>
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[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study disclosed a ligand-receptor relationship that played a significant role in initiating the growth of breast tumors. Human antibody array studies identified hRNase1 as a ligand for EphA4 and that the hRNase 1-mediated EphA4 signaling led to breast cancer development. Moreover, the impact of RNase 1–EphA4 ligand-receptor relationship was consistent with those of hRNase 5–EGFR and hRNase 7–ROS1 in promoting tumor growth. Therefore, further studies focusing on RNase–RTK targeted inhibition would contribute to new therapeutic strategies for various cancers.
[the_background] => Despite the extensive studies on the biochemical properties of hRNase 1, the actual biological function of hRNase 1 has yet to be determined. Meanwhile, the ligand-receptor relationships of hRNase 5–EGFR and hRNase 7–ROS1 were proven to result in tumor growth. Based on those findings, there are reasons to believe that hRNase 1 has similar involvement in cancers. On the other hand, the upregulation of receptor EphA4 in breast cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) indicates the possibility of treating cancer via EphA4 inhibition. Thus, this study investigated the implication of the hRNase 1–EphA4 ligand-receptor relationship in breast cancers. Identifying the critical role of the hRNase 1–EphA4 pair in breast cancer initiation implied that the initiation of other cancers could be due to similar ligand-receptor relationships. Thus, setting a clear study scope for future anti-tumor research.
[the_sdg_impact] => In 2020, 2.3 million women were diagnosed with breast cancer globally. This suggests that there is an urgent need for the development of more promising therapies to treat breast cancer. Along with the findings derived from the studies of hRNase 5–EGFR and of hRNase 7–ROS1 pairs, this study established a firm validation associating RNase–RTK pairs to the root cause of cancers. By identifying the possible pathways for cancers, this study expands the possibility of deriving potentially effective cancer interventions in the near future (UNSDG 3: Good Health & Well-Being).
[article_url] => https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-23075-2
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[publication_title] => Human ribonuclease 1 serves as a secretory ligand of ephrin A4 receptor and induces breast tumor initiation
[journal_title] => Nature Communications
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => May 2021
[subject] => Medical; Biomedical Sciences; Cancer
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[post_date] => 2021-08-19 11:56:26
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-08-19 03:56:26
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[post_title] => Tannic Acid as Dual-Action Remedy for COVID-19
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[research_footprints] => COVID-19; prostate cancer; TMPRSS2; SARS-CoV-2; serine protease; tannic acid; surface plasmon resonance; severe acute respiratory syndrome
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Tannic-4-.jpg
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study identified the potential of tannic acid (a compound found in fruits and plants) as a natural remedy for COVID-19. Results from in vitro experiments showed that tannic acid was able to inhibit the activity of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2’s main protease. Furthermore, tannic acid also prevented the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into cells by inhibiting the human cell surface protease TMPRSS2. By acting as an effective dual inhibitor of the two main proteases involved in coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection, the clinical trial of tannic acid in treating COVID-19 is highly anticipated. Meanwhile, since TMPRSS2 is also responsible for prostate cancer progression, future studies can be conducted to examine the potential of tannic acid in suppressing cancer progression through TMRPSS2 inhibition.
[the_background] => From the perspective of biological science, the COVID-19 pandemic can be overcome by deactivating the main protease of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and blocking the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into human cells. But, how? In order to prevent the cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2, human cell surface protease TMPRSS2 should be targeted as it was reported to form an ‘entrance’ for such invasion. Various natural compounds from fruits and plants exhibited anti-coronavirus properties. Hence, this study was carried out to determine the potential of tannic acid (a natural compound) in suppressing SARS-CoV-2. The outcome showed that tannic acid was able to deactivate the main protease of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and also managed to block the cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2 via inhibition of protease TMPRSS2. The dual action of tannic acid indicated its high potential in battling COVID-19.
[the_sdg_impact] => To date, scientists are still working towards effective remedies to deal with COVID-19 while the global death toll rises. Although numerous vaccination programs have been rolled out globally, the frequent mutation rate to generate viral variants of SARS-CoV-2 has raised the necessity to develop anti-Covid-19 drugs. Therefore, a possible treatment with minimal side-effect is needed as soon as possible. The discovery of tannic acid’s potential as a low-risk yet feasible compound for treating COVID-19 could inspire more magnificent research in a similar direction. Thus, by achieving significant milestones in the research and development of vaccines and medicines for COVID-19, this study contributes to the realization of UNSDG 3: Good Health & Well-being.
[article_url] => https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7783773/
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Tannic-.jpg
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[publication_title] => Tannic acid suppresses SARS-CoV-2 as a dual inhibitor of the viral main protease and the cellular TMPRSS2 protease
[journal_title] => American Journal of Cancer Research
[publisher] => e-Century Publishing Corporation
[year] => December 2020
[subject] => Medical; Covid-19
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[post_title] => How Do Antioxidant Components in Blueberries Conduct Whitening Activities in Skin Cells and Animals?
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[research_footprints] => melanocortin 1 receptor; bovine serum albumin; acridine orange; pterostilbene; fetal bovine serum
fluorescein isothiocyanate; cAMP response element-binding protein; keratinocyte; dimethyl sulfoxide; Nrf2; reactive oxygen species; polyvinylidene difluoride; autophagy; protein kinase A; microphthalmia-associated transcription factor
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/antioxidant-4.jpg
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[the_novelty] => This novel study revealed the whitening activities of an antioxidant component in blueberries (Pterostilbene) in cells and animals. This was achieved by triggering the melanin cell autophagy mechanism (self-eating) and disabling UV (Ultraviolet)-damaged hormones in keratinocytes through an antioxidant pathway. The findings showed that Pterostilbene activated the Nrf2 antioxidant gene in keratinocytes, stimulating the HO-1 and γ-GCLC antioxidant enzymes. It also increased the autophagy-associated proteins, LC3-II and p62, while simultaneously decreasing the ATG4B protein in melanocytes. Thus, the cells produced their own antioxidants, leading to the inhibition of melanin production. This study can further expand by researching the mechanism involved in Pterostilbene interfering with the melanosome maturation process to better understand its whitening properties.
[the_background] => UV radiation such as UV-A and UV-B rays can penetrate the skin and increase melanin production, causing dark skin spots. Chinese herbal medicine has 13 approved whitening ingredients, which mainly inhibit melanin production and pigmentation. One such ingredient is Resveratrol. Unfortunately, most commercially available sunscreens are not able to resist UV-A rays. However, Pterostilbene is seen as a powerful natural antioxidant that can be applied onto the skin to achieve the whitening effect. Previous studies reported cell autophagy and deactivation of hormones in skin cells aid in Pterostilbene’s whitening effects in various cells and lab animals. However, this is one of the first studies to explain the molecular processes of Pterostilbene’s whitening effects in keratinocytes and melanocytes. In addition, the study uses Zebrafish embryos to prove Pterostilbene’s effectiveness as a whitening component in skin-whitening agents.
[the_sdg_impact] => According to past literature, it was found that the UV radiation in China decreased from 1961 to 1991. However, there seems to be an increase in UV radiation from 1991 to 2012. Similar could be observed with other parts of the world. With increasing UV radiation, more UV-A rays can penetrate the skin and trigger the melanocytes to increase melanin production, leading to dark spot formation on the skin. This can cause frustration and emotional stress in an individual. More research needs to be conducted to identify an effective whitening component to ensure that people can successfully treat these dark skin spots. The aim of this study is aligned with the “Goal 3: Good Health and Well-Being” of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals. This research could allow the use of Pterostilbene in treating skin diseases caused by UV-A rays.
[article_url] => https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213231721001658?via%3Dihub
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[publication_title] => The in vitro and in vivo depigmenting activity of pterostilbene through induction of autophagy in melanocytes and inhibition of UVA-irradiated α-MSH in keratinocytes via Nrf2-mediated antioxidant pathways
[journal_title] => Redox Biology
[publisher] => Elsevier
[year] => August 2021
[subject] => Medical; Biology
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[post_title] => TYRO3: The Reason Behind Anti–PD-1/PD-L1 Immunotherapy Resistance in Cancer Treatment
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[research_footprints] => gene expression omnibus; triple-negative breast cancer; damage-associated molecular pattern; t cell; arginase 1; immune checkpoint blockade; thiobarbituric acid; tumor cell; triple-negative breast; cancer; ferritin light chain; ferroptosis; tumor microenvironment; therapeutic target
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[the_novelty] => This study is a novel attempt to investigate receptor tyrosine kinase (RTKs) that could potentially contribute to the resistance of anti-programmed cell death protein 1/ programmed death-ligand 1 (anti- PD-1/ PD-L1) therapy in cancer. The outcome showed a significant association between tyrosine receptor kinase protein 3 (TYRO3) and anti-PD-1/ PD-L1 therapy resistance in different tumors. A series of comprehensive research designs, cellular (in-vitro), animal (in-vivo), and retrospective computer (in-silico) analysis on multiple databases, revealed that the high expression and phosphorylation status of TYRO3 correlates to poorer prognosis in anti- PD-1/ PD-L1 treatment and causes resistance. Furthermore, TYRO3 was also found to be suppressing ferroptosis, a nonapoptotic, iron-dependent form of cell death via the AKT/ NFR2 pathway, thus diminishing the sensitivity of cancer cells to anti- PD-1/ PD-L1 treatment. Overall, the study implicates the protein's role as a potential biomarker for patient stratification and therapeutic options.
[the_background] => Immunotherapy that involves blockade of PD-1/ PD-L1 has been clinically gaining interest in cancer treatment due to its anti-tumor potential. Nevertheless, the response rate of PD-1/PD-L1 antagonism as a single therapy in cancer treatment has been relatively low owing to resistance to the therapy and insufficient biomarkers to select patients for treatment. Although there has been emerging evidence of the TAM (TYRO3, AXL, and MerTK) family's role in host immune response, this study proved that TYRO3 participates in eliciting resistance in anti- PD-1/ PD-L1 treatment, and not AXL or MerTK. Following the recent success of RTK inhibitors in cancer treatment, the findings can potentially pave ways to develop therapeutic targets on TYRO3. Considering the structural similarity of TYRO3 to AXL and MerTK, more in-vivo studies should be done in the future to confirm the specificity of the protein's role in contributing to treatment resistance. The study must also be duplicated in different malignancies to understand the protein's universal function and therapeutic efficacy in other tumors.
[the_sdg_impact] => Global oncology spending has steadily increased from USD 56 billion to USD 187 billion from 2011 to 2021, close to a four-fold increase in just a decade (Statista). The economic toll is approximately 19% higher than heart disease, the second leading cause of economic loss following cancer (American Cancer Society). These staggering figures are continuous reminders of the urgent need for targeted therapies and biomarkers in improving the efficacy of cancer treatment. This study builds on the evidence and contributes towards the potential development of RTK inhibitor therapy and biomarkers in different cancers. Thus, it helps realize the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goal, UNSDG 3: Good health and well-being, by contributing to developing therapeutics for a disease that enormously costs the global economy and quality of life.
[article_url] => https://www.jci.org/articles/view/139434
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/immunotherapy-.jpg
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[publication_title] => TYRO3 induces anti–PD-1/PD-L1 therapy resistance by limiting innate immunity and tumoral ferroptosis
[journal_title] => The Journal of Clinical Investigation
[publisher] => American Society for Clinical Investigation
[year] => April 2021
[subject] => Medical, Cancer; Immunotherapy
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[post_date] => 2021-08-19 11:44:05
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[post_title] => TET2 Regulates the Development of Breast Tumor and Response to Anti-estrogen Treatment
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[researchers_name] => YANG, Jer-Yen (楊哲彥)
[researchers_position] => Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taiwan
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[research_footprints] => chromatin immunoprecipitation; Cytokeratin 14; mammary gland development; long terminal repeat; ;epigenetic regulation; terminal end bud; Cytokeratin 8; cell fate
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/TET2-4.png
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study emphasizes the role of TET2 in breast cancer development. TET2 is shown to form a complex with transcription factor FOXP1 to mediate the expression of ESR1, GATA3, and FOXA1 genes that are responsible for the development of the mammary gland and response to hormones. Loss of TET2 leads to silenced estrogen receptors (ER) expression, consequently promoting intrinsic resistance to tamoxifen. These findings are of vast clinical significance, elucidating the potential for loss of TET2 expression as a biomarker to predict the resistance to anti-estrogen treatment. Additionally, these findings offer a new avenue of restoring TET2 activity to treat breast cancer patients exhibiting intrinsic resistance to hormone therapy.
[the_background] => TET2, a DNA demethylation enzyme, commonly found in the mammary gland, plays a pivotal role in regulating mammary stem cells' (MaSc) homeostasis. MaSC generates progeny cells responsible for the formation of the mammary gland. Past research has very much linked suppression of TET2 to impaired, cancer-like cell division through in-vitro studies. However, little is known of the role of TET2 in regulating MaSC homeostasis and tumor development in-vivo. CMU researchers have found that loss of TET2 expression could result in impaired differentiation from MaSC to the inner cell lining of the mammary gland, leading to the development of aggressive breast cancer using a mouse model. Therefore, findings from this study offer insight into a new role of TET2 in the development of breast cancer and resistance to anti-estrogen treatment.
[the_sdg_impact] => The past five years have seen approximately 7.8 million women diagnosed with breast cancer, with a staggering 685 000 deaths reported globally just last year (WHO, 2021). There is an urgent need for early detection, rapid diagnosis, and effective treatment methods considering how breast cancer accounts for the highest prevailing form of cancer. This study offers potential in fulfilling Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 3.4, calling for reducing one-third of mortality caused by non-communicable diseases like breast cancer. Its findings on the role of TET2 can be regulated favorably to promote response towards tamoxifen. Likewise, it provides the potential for detecting hormone therapy resistance using the loss of TET2 as a biomarker.
[article_url] => https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-18129-w
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/TET2-2.jpg
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[publication_title] => TET2 directs mammary luminal cell differentiation and endocrine response
[journal_title] => Nature Communications
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => September 2020
[subject] => Medical; Breast Cancer
)
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[post_date] => 2021-08-19 11:38:30
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[post_title] => Tumor Eradication through nPD-L1-mediated Pyroptosis
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[research_footprints] => nuclear export signal; chemotherapy drug; clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats; lactate dehydrogenase; nuclear localization signal; apoptosis; macrophage; breast cancer; cancer cell; gasdermin D; tumour; necrosis factor α; chromatin immunoprecipitation
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This research revealed an antibiotics-induced cellular pathway that could effectively kill tumor tissues. The mechanism occurs when the cells are deprived of oxygen, whereby nuclear-programmed death-ligand 1 (nPD-L1) enables pyroptosis (instead of apoptosis) programmed death in cancer cells. Sequentially, it involves interactions between p-Stat3 and nPD-L1, transcription of the gasdermin C (GSDMC) gene, cleavage of GSDMC by caspase-8 (activated by TNFα), and, eventually, death of cancer cell due to pyroptosis. Unlike PD-L1, the role of nPD-L1 in this particular anti-tumor pathway did not involve any checkpoint inhibitor. Further investigation can be conducted to study its feasibility in treating different types of cancer.
[the_background] => PD-L1 is usually located in the cell surface and has been a common target for checkpoint inhibition immunotherapy. Meanwhile, little is known of the exact role and purpose of PD-L1 located in the nucleus (i.e., nPD-L1). Compared to apoptosis (a cell’s natural mechanism for programmed death), pyroptosis (an inflammatory programmed cell death) in cancer cells showed more promising results in killing tumor tissues. Upon determining the function of nPD-L1, this research demonstrated nPD-L1’s ability to mediate the switch from apoptosis to pyroptosis, which successfully killed tumor tissues under hypoxia. These significant findings show high potential in the development of a new anti-cancer therapy.
[the_sdg_impact] => There are more than 100 types of cancer, which implies humans' high vulnerability towards cancer. Hence, cancer-related studies are essential not only for increasing patients’ survival rates, but also to provide advanced knowledge of the human body, especially the immune system. The new method to kill cancer cells discussed in this study is a valuable effort to support the research and development of cancer treatment (UNSDG 3: Good Health & Well-being).
[article_url] => https://www.nature.com/articles/s41556-020-0575-z
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/pyroptosis.jpg
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[publication_title] => PD-L1-mediated gasdermin C expression switches apoptosis to pyroptosis in cancer cells and facilitates tumour necrosis
[journal_title] => Nature Cell Biology
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => September 2020
[subject] => Medical; Cancer
)
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[post_date] => 2021-08-19 11:08:26
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-08-19 03:08:26
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Antitumor Pathway Involving Galectin 9, PD-1 and TIM-3
[post_excerpt] =>
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[research_footprints] => extracellular domain; T helper; E. coli; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily; antigen-presenting cells; fetal bovine serum; treg cell; immunotherapy; dendritic cells; cell death; tumor microenvironment
galectin; The Cancer Genome Atlas; immune response; cancer immunotherapy; room temperature; immune checkpoint; antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity; phosphate-buffered saline
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Antitumor-4.png
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study identified a molecular mechanism responsible for promoting the survival of exhausted T-cells, which resulted in higher antitumor activity. Apart from its commonly known functions, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) was able to inhibit the induced death of exhausted T-cells by binding to galectin-9 ligand (Gal-9). While letting the exhausted T-cells sustain their role in immunity, the inhibition of Gal-9 could also be a high-potential antitumor therapy, as indicated by in vitro studies. Thus, further investigations emphasizing anti-Gal-9-based cancer therapy are very likely to lead to the development of various therapies for treating a broader spectrum of cancer.
[the_background] => T cells exhaustion occurs during chronic infections and cancer, whereby the optimal control of infection and tumors is prevented. The two T cell inhibitory receptors PD-1 and TIM-3 (T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3) are co-expressed in this state. Consequently, the binding of Gal-9 to TIM-3 will induce natural programmed death of T cells, resulting in lower immunity. However, in the tumor microenvironment (TME), the exhausted T-cells persist instead. Hence, this study was conducted with interest to verify the speculation stating that the persistence was due to the inhibition of Gal-9/TIM-3 by PD-1. Other than the successful verification, its conclusion also highlighted that Gal-9 was a crucial target for immunotherapy. This forms a robust foundation for future studies related to immunotherapy.
[the_sdg_impact] => Being known as the second leading cause of death, cancer has been studied extensively for decades with the sole purpose of ending it ultimately. Therefore, scientists have persevered in exploring the most feasible therapies from various biological aspects to address the entire spectrum of human malignancies. With richer knowledge of T-cells, the outcome of this study has established a new research direction for immunotherapy. The contributions of this study are well-aligned with UNSDG 3: Good Health & Well-being.
[article_url] => https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-21099-2
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Antitumor-2.jpg
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[publication_title] => Galectin-9 interacts with PD-1 and TIM-3 to regulate T cell death and is a target for cancer immunotherapy
[journal_title] => Nature Communications
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => February 2021
[subject] => Medical; Cancer
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[post_date] => 2021-08-19 11:02:05
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-08-19 03:02:05
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[post_title] => Treating Liver Cancer by Inhibiting ROS1 Oncogene
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[post_name] => treating-liver-cancer-by-inhibiting-ros1-oncogene
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[research_footprints] => ROS1; ribonuclease 7; plasma biomarker; hepatocellular carcinoma; crizotinib; cancer; ttyrosine kinase; signaling; treatment stratification; liver cancer
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/ROS1-4.jpg
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => By identifying recombinant ribonuclease RNase7 as the ligand which activates receptor tyrosine kinase ROS1, this study introduces a potential treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). As a result of ligand-receptor relationship establishment between RNase7 and ROS1 based on both in vitro and in vivo studies, the ROS1 pathway involved in tumor growth was inhibited. Thus, the mechanism promises a potential treatment for patients with high RNase7 expression. With that said, clinical trials should be conducted to better understand the effectiveness of RNase7-ROS1 targeted therapy in treating liver cancer and other cancers.
[the_background] => Cell surface receptor ROS1 is involved in the formation of tumor cells. Therefore, ROS1 is often part of the main subject in studies related to human cancers. However, the ligand responsible for the activation of the ROS1 pathway is still unknown. Thus, such a gap in knowledge poses a major hurdle in developing effective targeted therapy for HCC. With reference to recent studies indicating RNase as a possible ligand for ROS1, this study successfully demonstrates RNase7 as the ligand of interest and that anti-ROS1 inhibition could potentially be used to treat HCC. Hence, serving as a significant milestone that brings oncology closer to discovering more effective cancer prevention and cure.
[the_sdg_impact] => The number of death due to cancer in 2018 has reached 9.6 million worldwide, making this disease the second leading cause of death globally. In other words, countless lives can be saved if feasible cancer treatments are developed and made accessible to all cancer patients. The discovery of the ROS-1 inhibition mechanism and its relationship with tumor growth provides great insights into potential HCC treatment. Such progress aligns with the objectives of UNSDG 3: Good health & well-being by propelling cancer treatment research development forward.
[article_url] => https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0168827820336746
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/ROS1-2.jpg
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2020.09.030
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[publication_title] => Ribonuclease 7-driven activation of ROS1 is a potential therapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma
[journal_title] => Journal of Hepatology
[publisher] => Elsevier
[year] => April 2021
[subject] => Medical; Cancer
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[post_title] => Review on Production and Quality Requirements of Human Platelet Lysate (HPL)
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[researchers_name] => BURNOUF, Thierry
[researchers_position] => College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
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[research_footprints] => west nile virus; human leukocyte antigens; hepatitis B virus; stromal cell; creutzfeldt–jakob disease; babesia microti; fetal bovine serum; blood transfusion; platelet concentrate; zika virus; medicinal product; transmissible spongiform encephalopathies; mesenchymal stromal cells; growth factor; extracellular vesicles; hepatitis E virus; mesenchymal stem cell; hepatitis C virus; dengue virus; human cell; platelet lysate; bovine spongiform encephalopathy
[graphic_abstract] =>
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[the_novelty] => Human platelet lysate (HPL) has been extensively explored for cell therapy and regenerative medicine as a suitable and effective substitute for fetal bovine serum (FBS). Hence, an internationally standardized quality control protocol is needed to manage the production, safety, and quality criteria. As an attempt, this study evaluated existing literature on HPL production and outlined necessary guiding steps to ensure the maximal safety of this ancillary material. It emphasized that there should be an evaluation at all stages, including blood donation, production of HPL, and risk assessment of viral safety. Above all, HPL manufacturers should ensure the quality of PC used in their production, and the HPL manufacturing facilities should meet the standards set by the Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) protocols.
[the_background] => Until recently, FBS has been the go-to supplement medium for external experimentation to propagate stromal cell-based medicinal products. However, due to its animal-based origins, there are concerns about the immunological and infectious safety of FBS’s use in cell therapy and regenerative medicine. Given such circumstances, HPL is now emerging as the most viable alternative to FBS as it alleviates this concern. HPL-medium also proved to provide better cell expansion with a shorter doubling time in the expansion of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from various tissues compared to an FBS-medium and does not stimulate tumorigenicity in vivo. Therefore, the role of HPL in biotechnology and cell therapy is predicted to expand. With that, the need for a consensus on quality and safety criteria is crucial. This study reviews and highlights specific measures proposed to achieve this consensus.
[the_sdg_impact] => There have been growing concerns about FBS use in cell culture media, largely due to the biosafety aspect, the global demand, and an ethical standpoint. The FBS market is loosely regulated, and many cases of fraud have occurred. In 2015, GE Healthcare teamed up with a New Zealand-based company to detect the origin countries of FBS. This is crucial as different countries of origin pose different viral risks. Based on UNSDG 9: Industries, Innovation, and Infrastructure, which aims to promote economic growth through innovation, infrastructure, and industrialization, HPL provides an innovative alternative to FBS. It also appears to be more efficient when used in cell expansion comparatively, improving the production of stromal cell-based medicinal products. FBS depends on many factors that can reduce its production; hence, according to UNSDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production, HPL is a better alternative as its supply is more sustainable in the long term, and it avoids the wastage of precious human blood resources.
[article_url] => https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167779919301519
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Platelet-.jpg
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[publication_title] => Production and Quality Requirements of Human Platelet Lysate: A Position Statement from the Working Party on Cellular Therapies of the International Society of Blood Transfusion
[journal_title] => Trends in Biotechnology
[publisher] => Elsevier
[year] => January 2020
[subject] => Medical; Biotechnology; Biomedical Engineering
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[post_date] => 2021-08-12 14:40:10
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[post_title] => An Indigenous Tribe’s Attempt to Reinstate Sustainable Development and Adaptation to Climate Change
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[researchers_name] => LIN, Yih-Ren (林益仁)
[researchers_position] => Graduate Institute of Humanities in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
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[research_footprints] => Alnus formosana; climate change; sustainability; adaptation; resilience; climate action
[graphic_abstract] =>
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[video] =>
[the_novelty] => Western epistemology has always been an integral part of modern society and constantly shapes the deeply-rooted ideology within the global community. Consequently, we have been dismissing the dissemination of knowledge based on different cultural and language entities, especially those of the indigenous people. Hence, this study reinstitutes an alternative mindset by pivoting on the “Millet Ark” initiative, a Tayal community’s millet biodiversity conservative endeavor that effortlessly connects the community, nature, and culture. This “indigeneity retrieval” effort began in 2013 and initiated the realization of the grassroot network involving two of the authors (Pagung and Yih-Ren Lin) and a few members of Taiwan indigenous people and mountain farmers from nine other countries in Bhutan through walking workshops. Inspired and influenced by this experience, Pagung decided to revive long-left millet cultivation in her village. The study assimilated the spirit of the indigenous community, wherein most of the findings were derived using the walking and storytelling culture of indigenous people. The success of Pagung in reinstating Tayal millets in the past five years is evident from the growth of the project from one plot of land to a remarkable landscape of the village, and the millet conservation movement is only continuing to expand by the day.
[the_background] => The main aspiration of this study is to revive the values and practices of the indigenous community of Taiwan, particularly the Tayal ethnic group, via exploring the indigenous resilience, which is so brilliantly elucidated via the “Millet Ark” conservation narration. Indigenous resilience is defined as a dynamic process of cultural and ecological adaptation and alteration in response to climate change that is imperative in ensuring the survival of human and non-human species without losing the ethos of a culture. The main limitation in the study is the possible loss of essence that happens in translating indigenous stories or songs into English or Chinese. To retain the gist of the native stories, the authors tried their best to translate the ideas instead of words and accepted a certain level of untranslatability as the power of the alternative ideology that challenges mainstream which is the very purpose of this study. This study is so uniquely crucial as it is proof that the indigenous practice like Tayal millet foodscape sustained the bio- and cultural diversity, enhanced human-nature connection, and fostered complex adaptive system thinking, which is all we need in facing the climate change issue.
[the_sdg_impact] => An undeniable but relegated truth is that the indigenous people are among the first to face the consequences of climate change due to their co-dependence on nature. The severity of this issue was proven when the special theme of the 7th session of the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issue (New York, 2008) was “Climate change, bio-cultural diversity, and livelihoods: the stewardship role of indigenous peoples and new challenges.” Consistent efforts are needed to mitigate the continuous repercussions faced by the indigenous community in the face of climate change, which is why this study sets a precedent in this matter. Thus, this effort upholds not just one but three vital United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDG); Goal 13: Climate action, Goal 15: Life on land, and Goal 17: Partnership.
[article_url] => https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/24/10676
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[publication_title] => Situating Indigenous Resilience: Climate Change and Tayal’s “Millet Ark” Action in Taiwan
[journal_title] => Sustainability
[publisher] => MDPI
[year] => December 2020
[subject] => Humanities; Biomedical Engineering
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[post_date] => 2021-08-08 12:44:24
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[post_title] => Unknown Roles of Non-hypophysiotropic Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Neurons Deciphered
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[researchers_name] => OKA, Yoshitaka (岡良隆)
[researchers_position] => Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
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[research_footprints] => carassius auratus; corticotropin-releasing hormone; neuropeptide; danio rerio; midbrain tegmentum; neuromodulation; wild type; excitatory postsynaptic potential; vertebrate; fonadotropin releasing hormone; trigeminal nerve; terminal nerve; spinal cord
[graphic_abstract] =>
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[the_novelty] => Non-hypophysiotropic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons are commonly found in vertebrates. This review concluded that the non-hypophysiotropic GnRH neurons play an essential role in modulating neural circuits, depending on the internal condition or the external environment. They are involved in regulating major activities, such as behavioral motivation, food intake, and sensory reception, rather than just reproduction. For future studies, the authors planned for in vivo studies to investigate the timing and functions of the non-hypophysiotropic release of GnRH and cotransmitter. Furthermore, they aim to study the significance of non-hypophysiotropic neurons projecting to broad brain regions release GnRH and other cotransmitter(s).
[the_background] => Neuromodulation is the function to modulate neural activities in regions to which the releasing hormone neurons project. In vitro studies of the brain showed that non-hypophysiotropic GnRHs were neuromodulating various sensory processing pathways. However, the functions of non-hypophysiotropic GnRH neurons in the daily activities of organisms were unclear. To understand those functions, this review summarized the anatomical and physiological properties of non-hypophysiotropic GnRH neurons and discussed their roles in vertebrates, mainly teleosts. The summary establishes an in-depth understanding of non-hypophysiotropic GnRH neurons. The analysis enhances the literature on vertebrates’ anatomy and physiology.
[the_sdg_impact] => New findings and reports related to vertebrates’ anatomy and physiology are valuable, especially for medicine and veterinary. The knowledge would contribute to improving the well-being of most living beings. Therefore, the output of this review helps to achieve UNSDG 14: Life Below Water and UNSDG 15: Life on Land by emphasizing the sustainability of vertebrates.
[article_url] => https://zoologicalletters.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40851-019-0138-y
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[publication_title] => Multiple functions of non-hypophysiotropic gonadotropin releasing hormone neurons in vertebrates
[journal_title] => Zoological Letters
[publisher] => BMC
[year] => July 2019
[subject] => Zoology; Biological Sciences
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[post_date] => 2021-08-08 12:33:02
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[post_title] => Method Used by Dicyemid in Locating New Hosts Revealed by Gene Expression Profiles
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[researchers_name] => FURUYA, Hidetaka Furuya (古屋秀隆)
[researchers_position] => Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Japan
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/dicyemid-.png
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[research_footprints] => dopamine beta hydroxylase; gene ontology; gamma-aminobutyric acid; G-protein-coupled receptors
[graphic_abstract] =>
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[video] =>
[the_novelty] => To date, several aspects of dicyemid mesozoans’ lifecycle remain uncertain. In this study, the gene expression profiles characterization conducted at different life stages reveals new information of various biological processes of the organism. More genes were expressed in free-living infusoriform larvae when compared across the four life-cycle stages, primarily due to its need to search for new hosts in the open ocean. Neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, as well as short cilia, served as sensory functions for detecting new hosts. With that said, the experimental techniques employed in this study would be beneficial to other research on simple organisms and understanding their biological mechanisms.
[the_background] => Despite having a bare 30-cell composition as an adult, the life-cycle of dicyemid mesozoans has yet to be fully understood. It is known that there are four stages in the entire lifecycle of dicyemids, namely nematogens, vermiform larvae, rhombogens, and infusoriform larvae. Since obtaining samples of infusoriform larvae from the ocean has been a great challenge, researchers were unable to grasp how the larvae search for new hosts. Besides that, the infusoriform larvae’s sensory mechanism is obscure since they do not have a nervous system. By characterizing the gene expression profiles of the four stages of Dicyema japonicum, the biological functions of the dicyemid stages and potential sensory functions for detecting new hosts were discussed in detail in this study. The study of gene expression profiles showed great potential in understanding the significance of different life-cycle stages of organisms.
[the_sdg_impact] => Dicyemida is a tiny parasite that lives in the renal appendages of cephalopods like squid, octopus, cuttlefish, and many more. Since these aquatic animals are crucial to maintain the balance of the marine ecosystem and serve as food sources, it is vital for the infection mechanism of the parasites they carry and the effects on the host to be clearly understood. Generally, research on parasites is challenging due to their simplified morphology and complex lifecycles. Therefore, the techniques adopted in this study could be useful in facilitating further exploration of parasitism in other organisms. Indirectly, it contributes to the realization of UN SDG 9: Industries, Innovation & Infrastructure by supporting technology development, research, and innovation.
[article_url] => https://zoologicalletters.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40851-019-0146-y
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[publication_title] => Gene expression profiles of dicyemid life-cycle stages may explain how dispersing larvae locate new hosts
[journal_title] => Zoological Letters
[publisher] => BMC
[year] => November 2019
[subject] => Zoology; Biological Sciences
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[post_date] => 2021-08-07 11:21:48
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[post_title] => Role of Self-marker Proteins in Sea Pineapple’s Immune System
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[researchers_name] => MATSUMOTO, Midori (松本緑)
[researchers_position] => Bioscience and Informatics, Keio University, Japan
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Halocynthia-.png
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[research_footprints] => room temperature; membrane protein; coomassie; phenol oxidase; botryllus schlosseri; monoclonal antibody; ciona intestinalis; artificial seawater; phosphate-buffered saline; halocynthia roretzi; polyvinylidene difluoride; bovine serum albumin; allorecognition; hemocyte; isoelectric focusing; periodic acid–schiff; immune system; major histocompatibility complex; natural killer; Ascidian
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Halocynthia-5.png
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study proposed a potential novel type of self-marker protein involved in the self and non-self-cells distinguishing mechanism in Halocynthia roretzi (sea pineapple) hemocytes. By examining the contact reactions (CR) of sea pineapple hemocytes, the membrane proteins (HrSMLP1) have been identified as responsible for the hemocyte’s role in allorecognition. A monoclonal antibody (mAb11B16B10) was synthesized to induce CR in hemocytes. As a result, phenol oxidase (PO) was released, which served as an important indicator to identify the self-marker proteins. The findings provided comprehensive insights into the allorecognition mechanism of invertebrate H. roretzi.
[the_background] => Allorecognition is part of the immune response of an organism to distinguish its tissues from those of another individual. There are three commonly recognized allorecognition types in ascidians, self-incompatibility, fusion/non-fusion reactions, and contact reactions (CRs). Past studies have successfully classified hemocytes in sea pineapples (H. roretzi) to be able to differentiate into nine different cell types, among which were due to CR. Thus, this study hypothesized that self-marker molecules are present on the surface of hemocyte membranes, and that PO-inducing levels change in response to changes in the state of self-marker molecules. However, there is a lack of evidence in terms of genetic data to support such claims to date. Therefore, this study investigates the allorecognition mechanism of H. roretzi by exploring the hemocyte structure and trigger. The findings serve as good references to understand the evolution of the immune system and the roles of self-marker proteins in organisms.
[the_sdg_impact] => Comprehensive knowledge of organisms and their biological mechanisms is essential to maintain the balance and enhance the natural ecosystem. Understanding the immune system that aids the evolution and survival of vertebrates and invertebrates brings conservatory measures a step closer. The findings of this study, which revealed new information of biomarkers vital to self and non-self-cells distinguishing mechanisms in marine organisms, such as H. roretzi, would potentially contribute to the realization of UNSDG 14: Life Below Water.
[article_url] => https://zoologicalletters.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40851-019-0149-8
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[publication_title] => A self-marker-like protein governs hemocyte allorecognition in Halocynthia roretzi
[journal_title] => Zoological Letters
[publisher] => BMC
[year] => December 2019
[subject] => Zoology; Bioscience and Informatics
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[post_title] => Crucial Mediating Mechanism in Color Vision of Butterfly via Heterologous Action Spectroscopy
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[researchers_name] => TERAKITA, Akihisa (寺北明久)
[researchers_position] => Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Japan
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[research_footprints] => visual pigment; absorption spectra; glutamic acid; convergent evolution; spectroscopy; chromophore; rhodopsin; light-emitting diode; color vision; ;amino acid residue; papilio xuthus; G protein-coupled receptors
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[the_novelty] => For insects and other invertebrates, the spectral tuning mechanism of their color vision is largely unknown. To shed some light on this matter, this study adopted a methodology previously developed by the research group known as heterologous action spectroscopy. This technique revealed that two amino acids at positions 116 and 120 in helix III of butterfly Papilio xuthus long-wavelength-sensitive (LWS) opsins play a significant role in its spectral tuning mechanism. The helix III yielded a difference of about 15 nm in the wavelength of absorption maxima of PxRh1 and PxRh3 LWS opsins. With such detailed results, heterologous action spectroscopy has proven to be a promising method for examining invertebrates' visual systems, and its application could potentially be extended to understand other invertebrates.
[the_background] => Spectral tuning in visual systems of organisms is a crucial ability to sense a wider range of visible light wavelengths. This ability is closely related to opsins, a group of proteins made light-sensitive via the chromophore retinal found in photoreceptor cells of the retina. Past studies have indicated that distinct spectral tuning mechanisms are employed in the visual opsins of vertebrates and invertebrates. However, the tuning mechanism of invertebrates remains unclear due to the challenges in obtaining purified recombinant pigments. In fact, at present, there is no adsorption spectrum of the butterfly color-opsin available too. Therefore, this study adopts the heterologous action spectroscopy technique to obtain the absorption spectra of wild type PxRh1 and PxRh3 LWS opsins which share 81.7% amino acids. Besides confirming a spectral tuning mechanism different from primate LWS opsins, this method also reveals the potential spectral tuning mechanism in butterfly LWS opsins.
[the_sdg_impact] => Efficient research methodologies and equipment are the keys to the advancement of scientific research. This study proved the usefulness of heterologous action spectroscopy in understanding the visual system of invertebrates, which was initially challenging. Such development in research techniques does not just provide in-depth knowledge of previously unknown biological mechanisms of invertebrates, but also models an innovative future for scientific research methodologies. (UNSDG 9: Industry, innovation and infrastructure)
[article_url] => https://zoologicalletters.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40851-019-0150-2
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[publication_title] => Spectral tuning mediated by helix III in butterfly long wavelength-sensitive visual opsins revealed by heterologous action spectroscopy
[journal_title] => Zoological Letters
[publisher] => BMC
[year] => December 2019
[subject] => Zoology; Entomology
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[post_title] => Control Flying Insect Outbreaks by Manipulating Light Wavelengths and Understanding Weather Conditions
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[research_footprints] => gypsy moth; oak silkmoth; chafer; fluorescent light; light-emitting diode (LED); light trap; meteorological factors; subarctic region
[graphic_abstract] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => The novelty of this study is attributed to its environmentally friendly method of controlling insect activity within public spaces in sub-arctic climate regions. An extensive field survey based in Hokkaido found that different wavelengths of light and weather conditions affected insect activity. In specific, aquatic insects and winged ants were drawn to broadband light wavelengths while moths and beetles were attracted to short light wavelengths. An examination of weather parameters among Gypsy moths and Japanese oak silkmoths revealed that Gypsy moths were positively correlated with the highest ambient temperature on the catch day. Especially, suitable range (22-24 ˚C) of dusk temperature promoted their synchronous mass flight. 380 nm LED, which is more cost-effective and energy-efficient than UV LEDs (<370 nm), was sufficient for capturing both moth species.
[the_background] => Insect outbreaks not only affect agriculture but can also be an aesthetically and practically unpleasant experience, especially within commercial spaces. Past studies neither tackled the influence of weather factors on insect activity nor were they applicable to commercial settings. Therefore, this study performed a 4-year long insect survey using light traps to observe different species of insects. The study then manipulated LED light wavelengths to observe light orientation among different species, besides weather variables. Findings from this study serve as an environmentally-friendly guide to manage insect outbreaks.
[the_sdg_impact] => The United States Department of Agriculture highlights the influence of climate change on forest insect outbreaks. Therefore, there is a need for sustainable measures that incorporate the climate to curb insect outbreaks without entirely relying on it. As proposed by the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal 15, specifically target 9, this study successfully integrates light technology and weather factors to curb insect outbreaks in local commercial spaces without known damage to the environment.
[article_url] => https://zoologicalletters.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40851-020-00163-7
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[publication_title] => Management of flying insects on expressways through an academic-industrial collaboration: evaluation of the effect of light wavelengths and meteorological factors on insect attraction
[journal_title] => Zoological Letters
[publisher] => BMC
[year] => November 2020
[subject] => Zoology; Entomology; Electronic Science
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[post_date] => 2021-07-07 19:00:16
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[post_title] => EMP-Proof Detector for Laser Nuclear Physics
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[research_footprints] => nuclear reaction; coulomb explosion; high energy; electromagnetic pulse; radiation detection; numerical aperture; nuclear physics; photomultiplier tubes
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/NST_Article-10_V0.jpg
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => Would it be possible for a detector to accurately detect weak nuclear reactions signal in the HIL-induced plasma environments without being affected by the induced high electromagnetic pulse (EMP)? This study has developed a gated fiber detector (GFD) which was meant for that purpose. The main structure of the GFD included a reflective layer, a scintillating layer, a vacuum sealing glass window, a photon coupling cone, a fiber, and a gated photomultiplier tube (gPMT). Based on the results from numerical simulation, the optimal light-collecting efficiency was achieved in the development, which maximized the number of photons to be coupled by fiber and then transferred to a light detector (i.e., gPMT) located far away from the EMP source. Online tests confirmed that the detector was performing up to expectation and its response time was as short as 70 ns. Future optimization could be explored by collecting feedback from actual utilization.
[the_background] => The demand for studying nuclear reactions in laser-induced high-temperature plasma environments is increasing. Nevertheless, extremely high EMPs are commonly induced in such environments, thus crippling the functions of many traditional detectors. To overcome these complications caused by EMPs, this study has designed a detector that potentially avoids the effect of EMPs, yet still, be capable of identifying a single event of nuclear reaction products. By overcoming the EMPs, the detector was feasible to be utilized as time-of-flight (TOF) detector in high-intensity laser nuclear physics experiments. Such a development would help to achieve the goals of various studies related to laser nuclear physics.
[the_sdg_impact] => The potential of laser-induced nuclear physics has attracted a considerable amount of attention. With continuous progress and development, it is believed to be a window for new technologies in multidisciplinary. Apart from eliminating the hurdles caused by EMPs, this development also creates opportunities to widen the direction of studies related to laser nuclear physics. Hence, by enhancing the progress in peacefully using laser and nuclear techniques, this study materialized the UN SDG Goal 9: Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure.
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs41365-021-00898-8
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[publication_title] => Development of gated fiber detectors for laser-induced strong electromagnetic pulse environments
[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => June 2021
[subject] => Engineering; Applied Physics
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[post_date] => 2021-07-07 18:54:08
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[post_title] => New Technique for Precise Measurement of Nuclei’s Angular Distribution
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[researchers_position] => China Institute of Atomic Energy, China
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[researchers_position_2] => China Institute of Atomic Energy, China
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[research_footprints] => exotic nuclei; halo nucleus; coulomb barrier; nuclear physics; heavy-ion; elastic scattering; time of flight
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/NST_Article-9_V1_EN-1-1-scaled.jpg
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => Is it feasible to perform measurements at accelerators using the isotope separator on-line (ISOL) technique? This study confirmed the feasibility by performing the first-ever proof-of-principle experiment with a post-accelerated 23Na beam (using the ISOL technique). Such was primarily made possible by measuring the angular distribution of 23Na + 40Ca elastic scattering. The angular distribution measured showed consistency with the high-precision Q3D magnetic spectrograph measurements (using non-ISOL beam). Thus, this breakthrough enables researchers to explore the potential properties of non-stable Na isotopes by measuring the angular distribution of 21,22Na + 40Ca elastic scattering.
[the_background] => A nuclear drip line is a boundary delimiting the zone beyond which atomic nuclei decay by the emission of a proton or neutron. Nuclei with short life, unstable, radioactive are known to be exotic when they develop unusual structures. Meanwhile, the reaction dynamics of light exotic nuclei near the drip line have been getting significant attention, especially from the low-energy nuclear physics community. Several important properties of exotic nuclei include the size and surface diffusiveness which can be determined using elastic scattering. Such measurements were commonly performed at accelerators using the projectile fragmentation technique. However, reported studies that applied the ISOL technique for the same purpose were rare. By presenting the above-mentioned proof-of-principle experiment conducted at the Beijing Radioactive Ion Beam Facility (BRIF), the potential and feasibility of the technique were proven in this study. Furthermore, the output of this research gave validation for scientists to apply the ISOL technique in relevant investigations of the reaction dynamics of exotic nuclei.
[the_sdg_impact] => The properties of exotic nuclei can become very different from those of stable isotopes. That implies the existence of unexplored applications of exotic nuclei in nuclear technology. By introducing a highly reliable technique for the characterization of nuclei, this study established a strong foundation for future studies of exotic nuclei. Hence, it contributes to the realization of UNSDG 9: Industries, Innovation & Infrastructure by supporting future research related to nuclear science.
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41365-021-00889-9
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[publication_title] => First proof-of-principle experiment with the post-accelerated isotope separator on-line beam at BRIF: measurement of the angular distribution of 23Na + 40Ca elastic scattering
[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => May 2021
[subject] => Engineering; Applied Physics
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[post_date] => 2021-07-04 17:53:41
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[post_title] => Charge Resolution in the Isochronous Mass Spectrometry
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[researchers_name_2] => WANG, Meng
[researchers_position_2] => Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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[research_footprints] => isochronous mass spectrometry; charge resolution; signal amplitude; micro-channel plate
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/NST_Article-8_V2.jpg
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => The mass measurements of short-lived nuclei require advanced facilities as well as high-level knowledge and skills. This study reports a new analysis method for isochronous mass spectrometry (IMS) experiments that led to significant improvements in charge resolution for ions. By considering the signal amplitudes, detection efficiencies, and the number of stored ions in the heavy-ion storage ring, ion pairs with nearly identical mass-to-charge (m/q) ratios can be resolved in terms of their revolution times. The new method enabled a complete resolution of 34Ar and 51Co in this study. Additionally, a consistent mass excess of 51Co was determined.
[the_background] => IMS of heavy-ion storage rings is a powerful technique to measure the mass of short-lived nuclei. Its working principle relies highly on its ability to measure the revolution times of ions precisely. Nonetheless, there was a limitation in the measurements for pairs of ion species with nearly identical m/q ratios. To address this, the researchers analyzed the amplitudes of the timing signals from the detector based on the emission of secondary electrons in a previous study. The introduction of a new analysis method was able to deduce revolution times with differences as low as 1.8 ps. This led to a higher charge resolution, enabling the complete resolution of 34Ar and 51Co (A/Z = 17/9). The new analysis method would facilitate the progress of other atomic and nuclear physics experiments using similar types of detectors.
[the_sdg_impact] => Nuclear technologies are useful to meet some of the fundamental needs of modern daily life. These include access to energy and proper medical care, food production, water resources management, and many more. Having effective methods to study exotic short-lived nuclei could open up endless possibilities for further exploring nuclear technology applications. The new analysis method reported by this study has enabled accurate characterizations of short-lived nuclei. Its contributions, aligned with UNSDG 9: Industries, Innovation & Infrastructure, promises the enhancement of scientific research necessary for upgrading existing and future nuclear technological capabilities.
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs41365-021-00876-0
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[year] => April 2021
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[post_date] => 2021-06-27 20:06:42
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[post_title] => A Novel Annotation-free Whole-slide Classification of Lung Cancer Pathologies Classification
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[researchers_name] => CHEN, Cheng-Yu
[researchers_position] => Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
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[research_footprints] => pathology; hematoxylin and eosin; unified memory; deep learning; recurrent neural network; Deep neural networks; squamous cell carcinoma; convolutional neural networks; adenocarcinoma; lung cancer; support vector; machine; neural network; multiple-instance learning; artificial intelligence; radial basis function
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[the_novelty] => This study highlights the development of a whole slide training method to train convolutional neural network (CNN) for pathological classification of lung cancers. This method is superior to the existing digital diagnosis methods, such as the multiple-instance learning (MIL) method. A total of 7003 slides were gathered, consisting of 2039 cases of non-cancer, 3876 of adenocarcinoma, and 1088 cases of squamous carcinoma. The slides were randomly assigned for training, validation, and testing purposes. The slides were then subjected to different model performance testing to study various parameters in image analysis in lung cancer. In this study, whole slide imaging (WSI) used recorded superior results to MIL in terms of visualization, small lesion diagnosis, image resolution (despite the impact of data size), and memory consumption. Provided that there’s a limitation on host memory when training larger images on CNN, future research to identify a more memory-efficient algorithm will further optimize the model in the digital diagnosis of diseases.
[the_background] => CNN is a deep neural network in artificial intelligence (AI) designed for image analysis. It is a deep learning algorithm representing image input, extracts the importance of every bit of the image (each neuron), and distinguishes one image from another. In nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), proper pathological diagnosis to differentiate between adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma presents a challenge, as the difference in pathological features between them is subtle. Hence, CNN has been the primary method used in image recognition in distinguishing these two histologically different NSCLC subtypes. Despite its success in tumor type identification and classification, the path-based CNN method demands substantial annotations on the slides by experienced pathologists. MIL, another technique employed to reduce the annotation burden, is subject to incorrect selection of patches for diagnosis or classification in early training, leading to compromise in the model’s performance. To overcome the limitations of existing methods, this study proposes using WSI to train CNN utilizing slide-level labels, the outcome of which intends to prove the superiority of this approach.
[the_sdg_impact] => Since the introduction of WSI in 1991, it has achieved remarkable growth in technology and is recognized in various applications in pathological diagnosis. The approval of the US FDA to a WSI system for primary surgical pathology diagnosis in 2017 has paved the way for the acceptance of this technology for broader medical applications. Given that the health demand is increasing by the day, non-laborious, highly efficient technology is snatching importance in enhancing diagnosis and disease classification processes. Thus, the utilization of WSI to train CNN in the diagnosis and classification of lung cancer becomes imminently crucial and contributes to the realization of United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (UNSDG) 3, good health and well-being.
[article_url] => https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-21467-y
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[publication_title] => An annotation-free whole-slide training approach to pathological classification of lung cancer types using deep learning
[journal_title] => Nature Communications
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => February 2021
[subject] => Medical; Radiology
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[post_date] => 2021-06-27 20:01:24
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-06-27 12:01:24
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[post_title] => COVID-19 Infection Risk in Cancer Patients
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[researchers_name] => LIN, Liang-Tzung
[researchers_position] => Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Elevation-.png
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[research_footprints] => acute respiratory distress syndrome; The Cancer Genome Atlas; coronavirus disease; innate immunity; cathepsin L; angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; Gene Expression Omnibus; cancer patient; covid19
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Elevation-5.png
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study investigated the intricate relationship between cancers, anti-cancer treatments, and SARS-CoV-2 infection to understand possible modifications needed for the clinical management of cancer patients. Large-scale genome-wide transcriptional analysis revealed that RNA expression of three significant genes responsible for SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells, including ACE2, TMPRSS2, and CTSL, were upregulated in different cancer tissues assessed. These viral entry genes were also upregulated in male patients and those who smoke and transiently increased during radiotherapy. In addition, chemotherapy and radiotherapy both transiently dysregulated the immune system in cancer patients. These alterations possibly predisposed this cohort to higher susceptibility and severity of COVID-19. Findings from this study urge further investigation of the complex relationship between cancers and COVID-19 to optimize treatment strategies for both diseases in cancer patients.
[the_background] => Similar to the closely related SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus responsible for COVID-19 mainly relies on the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) type I membrane protein, host cell serine protease transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), and endosomal cysteine protease cathepsin L (CTSL) to enter target cells. The expression of these proteins allows SARS-CoV-2 infection, which then triggers host antiviral response. However, SARS-CoV-2 can also deregulate the immune system, leading to a hyperinflammatory reaction with cytokine over-production that contributes to COVID-19 progression and severity. Based on the increased prevalence and severity of COVID-19 in cancer patients reported in multiple previous cohorts, this study aimed to examine the expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry genes in various cancer tissues and the effect of radiotherapy and chemotherapy on these viral entry genes and host immune responses.
[the_sdg_impact] => COVID-19 pandemic has caused over 150 million cases and approximately 3 million deaths worldwide as of mid-2021. Cancer patients are four times more likely to be infected by SARS-CoV-2 than the general population, making it a big concern to both patients and oncologists. Hence, identifying risk factors of COVID-19 in cancer patients is vital to reducing morbidity and mortality in this group. In line with that, the findings of this study are imperative to guide clinicians and oncologists on the management of cancers during the COVID-19 pandemic to alleviate potential complications that could impose a huge health burden on the global health system. Ideally, such an endeavor is crucial to uphold the UNSGD 3: Good health and well-being, aiming to improve global health and, thus, global public health. With the pandemic being the current health emergency globally, every effort at improving its management becomes an integral part of fighting the battle.
[article_url] => https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-83366-y
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[publication_title] => Elevation in viral entry genes and innate immunity compromise underlying increased infectivity and severity of COVID-19 in cancer patients
[journal_title] => Scientific Reports
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => February 2021
[subject] => Medical; Microbiology; Immunology
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[post_date] => 2021-06-21 10:28:31
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-06-21 02:28:31
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[post_title] => Monte Carlo Simulations Made Better with New CMGC Model
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[researchers_name] => WANG, Xin (王鑫)
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[researchers_name_2] => LI, Junli (李君利)
[researchers_position_2] => The Department of Engineering Physics (DEP), Tsinghua University, China
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[research_footprints] => footnote; computer-aided design; boundary representation; constructive solid geometry; graphical user interface; Monte Carlo; CAD; geometry converter; complete solid decomposition
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/NST_Article-02-1.jpg
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study elaborates the algorithms, implementations, and applications of a new computer-aided design (CAD) model to Monte Carlo geometry converter (CMGC). This newly developed conversion code promises highly efficient Monte Carlo simulations by generating appropriate constructive solid geometry (CSG) representation. As a result, this automatic conversion can produce heuristic strategies for solid splitting, reduce the time taken for particle transporting, provide low relative volume error, and has a friendly graphical user interface. At the end of the CMGC conversion, the converted models show high accuracy and improved efficiency in particle transport calculations.
[the_background] => The computer-aided design (CAD) model to Monte Carlo geometry conversion is recognized as the most effective automatic conversion method compared to the conventional boundary representation model. Recent researches have been heavily focused on improving the efficiency of large-scale and detailed Monte Carlo modeling. Among the areas of focus are to reduce manual work, increase conversion speed, and improve conversion accuracy. This study aims to provide an in-depth analysis of a new conversion method and demonstrate its improved Monte Carlo simulation efficiency.
[the_sdg_impact] => The Monte Carlo methods are very common and preferred when designing sophisticated nuclear systems due to their capability of dealing with complex problems with high accuracy. Radiation technology and computational medicine physics, among other fields, are known to benefit from an efficient and safe interface such as the CMGC model mentioned in this study. Therefore, the detailed description in this study would serve as a good reference for future infrastructure upgrading with increased resource-use efficiency and accuracy, as proposed in the 9th UN Sustainable Development Goal: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure.
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41365-020-00793-8
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[publication_title] => CMGC: a CAD to Monte Carlo geometry conversion code
[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => August 2020
[subject] => Engineering; Applied Physics
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[post_date] => 2021-06-11 10:35:04
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-06-11 02:35:04
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[post_title] => Improved Version of Angle-resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy (ARPES) Makes In-situ Characterization of the Fine Electronic Structure of Condensed Matter Possible
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[researchers_name] => Liu, Zhengtai
[researchers_position] => State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), China
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/ARPES-.png
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[researchers_name_2] => SHEN, Dawei
[researchers_position_2] => State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), China
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[research_footprints] => reflection high-energy electron diffraction; angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy; molecular beam epitaxy; scanning tunneling microscopy; light source; X-ray diffraction; photoemission spectroscopy; low-energy; electron diffraction; ultrahigh vacuum; high harmonic generation; synchrotron radiation; electronic structure; band theory; second harmonic generation; Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/NST_Article-07_V0-0601_001.png
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[the_novelty] => To meet the high requirements of sophisticated studies in condensed matter physics, this research has successfully designed and constructed a more advanced synchrotron angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) beamline (BL03U) and an endstation at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF). The BL03U endstation consists of an ARPES system, a load-lock chamber, an oxide molecular beam epitaxy (OMBE) system, a scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) system, and a UFO-like transfer chamber. The beam spot produced by the ARPES system is as fine as 7.5 um (V) × 67 um (H) with the fundamental photon range of 7 to 165 eV. Photoemission with an energy resolution of 2.67 meV (at 21.2 eV photon energy) was achieved by the newly developed ARPES system. By equipping the ARPES system with a six-axis cryogenic sample manipulator (minimum temperature of 7 K), the BL03U endstation provides an essential platform to carry out in-situ characterization of the electronic structure of condensed matter. Such a development has demonstrated the versatility of an ARPES endstation to be enhanced to support future studies in condensed matter physics.
[the_background] => Conventional ARPES is well-known for its capability in characterizing the electronic properties of correlated materials and the electronic structure of correlated electron systems. Nonetheless, conventional ARPES faced several bottlenecks when it was applied in the recent development of quantum materials which has higher characterization requirements in terms of photon energy, flux, and beam spot. Besides that, quantum material samples with a flat surface along the desired crystalline orientation were difficult to be prepared for characterization under ARPES. To address these limitations, a more superior ARPES endstation has been developed by this study. Furthermore, with the OMBE system and connected growth chamber, epitaxial growth techniques are able to be applied to realize in-situ ARPES measurements without the need for tedious sample preparation. By having the state-of-the-art features, this facility will boost the advancement of studies in condensed matter physics.
[the_sdg_impact] => The improvement of ARPES will help condensed matter physicists to better understand the behavior of more exotic condensed phases include the superconducting phase exhibited by certain materials at low temperature. More experiments can be conducted using the improved facility to measure various material properties, and by applying the physical laws of quantum mechanics, electromagnetism, statistical mechanics, and other theories to develop mathematical models. Such innovative facility is a great contribution to the research infrastructure that supporting and aligning to the UNSDG 9: Industries, Innovation & Infrastructure.
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41365-021-00858-2
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/ARPES-3.jpg
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[publication_title] => High-resolution ARPES endstation for in situ electronic structure investigations at SSRF
[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => March 2021
[subject] => Engineering; Applied Physics
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[post_date] => 2021-05-27 20:18:15
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-05-27 12:18:15
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => How do the Elderly Community Obtain Health Information?
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[researchers_name] => AHMAD, Normawati
[researchers_position] => Institute for Health Behavioural Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Malaysia.
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[research_footprints] => elderly; daily life; internet access; health information
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/g46d.png
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study provides evidence of the increase in digital dependency, usage, and literacy among the elderly community when seeking health information. The most common information searched online is on diseases and disease-related nutrition advice. Consistent with previous findings, elderly people prefer using the internet to search for health information because of accessibility and convenience. However, the amount of information presented can be overwhelming with risks of misinformation if they are uncertain of how to identify the right source. Therefore, health information providers should consider the internet as a source of knowledge dissemination and support the elderly population by directing them to official channels to seek information. Such behavioral understanding could potentially be expanded into monitoring and surveillance of the aged community.
[the_background] => The ‘Dr. Google’ phenomenon is widely observed with the growing internet accessibility. Apart from encouraging social interaction and collaboration, the internet has become a reliable channel for many to continuously learning about their health and seek advice to improve their conditions. As the elderly community is among those most prone to a range of diseases and illnesses, seeking quick and comprehensive information on their health becomes the priority when using the internet. Having said that, little is known of the Malaysian elderly behavior when it comes to internet dependency and online health information-seeking habits. Therefore, this study chose to profile residents of 23 Elderly Activity Centres across Malaysia to understand the online health information-seeking pattern of the elderly.
[the_sdg_impact] => Graceful and healthy aging could be supported with the right tools and systems in place. With health-related information being shared openly and rapidly on many online platforms, knowledge accessibility has certainly improved over the years. In order to protect and support the elderly population in having access to such valuable information and promote lifelong learning, health staff should encourage digital health literacy for older adults as foundations for learning and decision-making (SDG 4: Quality education). With that, the elderly community would not be left out in terms of accessing information on disease prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation to maintain their health and independence (SDG 3: Good health and well-being). However, to work on the mentioned areas, health information providers and policymakers should first understand the digital usage patterns and behaviors of the elderly community. The data offered by this study would be useful to design a more efficient and effective health information dissemination medium.
[article_url] => https://doi.org/10.36713/epra4422
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[publication_title] => USAGE OF INTERNET FOR HEALTH INFORMATION SEEKING AMONG ELDERLY IN MALAYSIA
[journal_title] => EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR)
[publisher] => EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR)
[year] => May 2020
[subject] => Social Science; Humanities
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[post_date] => 2021-05-27 20:03:07
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[post_title] => Understanding Diabetic Patients’ Perception towards Conventional and Herbal Medicine
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[researchers_name] => ITHNAIN, Norbaidurah
[researchers_position] => Institute for Health Behavioral Research, National Institute of Health Ministry of Health, Malaysia
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[research_footprints] => conventional medicine; diabetes mellitus; qualitative study; patients; diabetes; herbal medicine; adverse effect; vascular disease; drug interaction
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Graphical-Norbaidurah.png
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => The findings of this study contribute to a regional understanding of how diabetic patients manage their medications and why they choose to opt for herbal medicine instead of relying on clinic prescription. Focused mainly on patients undergoing treatment for Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus (T2DM), it was found that these patients are more inclined to incorporate herbal medicine to complement their conventional treatment regimen. Some have even chosen to alter the dosage and consumption timing of conventional medication to cater to their herbal medicine consumption timing, while some even consider quitting their clinical prescription and relying entirely on herbal treatment. These decisions result from a lack of confidence towards the effectiveness of synthetic drugs, their side effects, and the influence of family and friends. By understanding the patient perception towards conventional and herbal medicine, healthcare providers and policymakers could improve diabetes management to ensure medication safety.
[the_background] => Living in a multi-cultured society and growing preference towards natural products, it is becoming challenging for healthcare personnel to restrict their patients from seeking alternative treatment. The long-term reliance on existing synthetic drugs, slow observable results, and negative side effects have led more T2DM patients to choose herbal medicines over conventional medicine. At present, there are limited qualitative research data available that elaborates the reasons for what triggers such choices among patients. Therefore, this study intends to generate a detailed understanding of the perception, beliefs, and values of the T2DM patients in deciding their preferred treatment. With this knowledge, pharmacists and doctors could cater their medical advice to meet the needs and beliefs of their patients accordingly.
[the_sdg_impact] => The rate at which people are being diagnosed with T2DM is alarming; even more concerning is the attitude of these patients towards managing their conditions post-diagnosis. Diabetes control is part of the UNSDG 3, Good health and well-being, target, to reduce premature mortality and disabilities due to non-communicable diseases by 2030. To combat this global epidemic, multisectoral population-based research is crucial to prevent and manage this disease. This study allows healthcare providers and policymakers to understand patients’ sentiment towards the treatment regimen to improve the monitoring and educating process.
[article_url] => http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/gjhs/article/view/0/43530
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/diabetic.jpg
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v12n10p122
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[publication_title] => Perception of Conventional Medicine and Herbal Medicine Usage Amongst Diabetic Patients: A Qualitative Study in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
[journal_title] => Global Journal of Health Science
[publisher] => Canadian Center of Science and Education
[year] => August 2020
[subject] => Medical; Diabetes
)
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[post_date] => 2021-05-27 19:41:15
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-05-27 11:41:15
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => How are Patients Responding to Health Education Services Provided in Clinics?
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[researchers_position] => Institute for Health Behavioural Research, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
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[research_footprints] => healthcare system; health education; non-communicable diseases; ;thematic analysis; health care; liaison officers
[graphic_abstract] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study delineates patients’ experience in receiving health education services given by healthcare providers (HCPs) in clinics that have adopted the Enhanced Primary Health Care (EnPHC) initiative. As a whole, patients recognize the intention of including such intervention components and are willing to engage with HCPs in educating themselves to cope with their illnesses. However, they wish to have certain concerns and challenges to be addressed before fully reaping the benefits of the service provided. Among the factors identified to have caused patient scepticism towards receiving health education at secondary triage are the prolonged waiting period, lack of privacy at waiting area, repetitive message delivery, interpersonal relationship between patient and the health educators and the confidence in their credibility. Therefore, to ensure the effectiveness of the EnPHC initiative in educating the patients and supporting them in coping with their medical conditions, these feedbacks should be considered and acted upon by clinic management and health educators.
[the_background] => The introduction of the Enhanced Primary Health Care (EnPHC) initiative by the Malaysian government is to assist patients in coping with the complexity of living with non-communicable diseases (NCDs). With patient-centric service delivery as the primary motive, providing comprehensive health education and increasing patient awareness are identified as key components for the successful implementation of the EnPHC initiative. Although the intentions of including these components are clearly to benefit the patients, there is little knowledge of how the patients are perceiving such changes. Therefore, this study aims to understand patient perception and experience as recipients of health education at secondary triage. These feedbacks could then be used by the clinic management, health educators, and policymakers to improve the service delivery mechanism.
[the_sdg_impact] => According to the World Health Organization (WHO), preventing premature deaths and disabilities from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is possible, cost-effective, and necessary for human and economic development (SDG 3: Good health and well-being). As the Malaysian healthcare system is currently undergoing transformation to improve the country’s essential healthcare service delivery, equipping the patients with sufficient knowledge about their illnesses and coping mechanism is considered as one of the most cost-effective interventions. The feedback gathered from this study would, thus, be useful for healthcare service providers to improvise the intervention delivery approaches.
[article_url] => https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2150132720980629
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1177/2150132720980629
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[publication_title] => Patients’ Perception Towards Health Education Services Received at the Enhanced Primary Healthcare Facilities: A Qualitative Exploration
[journal_title] => Journal of Primary Care & Community Health
[publisher] => Sage Publishing
[year] => December 2020
[subject] => Medical; Social Science; Humanities
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[post_date] => 2021-05-27 19:26:08
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-05-27 11:26:08
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Patient’s Experience in Receiving Medical Care with EnPHC
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[researchers_name] => JOHARI, Mohammad Zabri
[researchers_position] => Institute for Health Behavioural Research, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/EnPHC.png
[researchers_profile] => https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammad-Johari-3
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[research_footprints] => patient; chronic disease; disease management; Intervention; service quality; primary health care; non-communicable disease
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/EnPHC2.png
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study is part of a larger process evaluation study which intended to assess and report the effectiveness of the Enhanced Primary Health Care (EnPHC) initiative implementation in selected clinics through patient’s perception and experience. There were five main themes to which the assessment paid close attention to, namely health assessment in disease progress monitoring, patient-doctor relationship and continuity of care, professionalism in service delivery, ensuring compliance in achieving health targets, and communication skills. Based on the feedback received, although the patients were unaware of the EnPHC initiative implementation, positive responses towards the new changes were gathered. Overall, the government’s attempt to transform the existing clinic health care service delivery into more structured and detailed management by emphasizing patient-centered care is perceived as a success. However, future implementations and upgrades should focus on, first, increasing the level of awareness and improving the understanding of the intervention among patients to support their experience and increase acceptance.
[the_background] => In July 2017, the Ministry of Health Malaysia proposed implementing the Enhanced Primary Health Care (EnPHC) initiative to improve primary care intervention to cope with the rise in non-communicable diseases across the nation. The main focus of the initiative is to transform the existing clinic management into a more patient-centric system. Several changes have been put in motion to achieve the transformation, including redesigning work process in the clinic, improving community intervention through community enrolment and profiling, and smoothening the referral system between clinic and hospital. However, to ensure a favorable outcome, it is important to understand how these changes have benefited the patient experience. Therefore, this study aims to assess the effectiveness of the EnPHC implementation from the patient’s perception and experience.
[the_sdg_impact] => One of the targets of the 3rd United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal, Good health and well-being, is to provide access to good-quality healthcare services as part of the attempt to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all. Accordingly, governments worldwide have pledged their commitments to meet the health needs of their people and improve the nation’s primary health care service delivery. The Enhanced Primary Health Care (EnPHC) initiative is Malaysia’s attempt to fulfil its pledge in putting the health needs of its people first. The findings of this study provide valuable information on patient experience and expectations, which could be used to ensure the continuous betterment of the nation’s healthcare system.
[article_url] => https://bmcfampract.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12875-020-01254-2
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/EnPHC-4.jpg
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-020-01254-2
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[publication_title] => Can patients make heads or tails of enhanced primary health care (EnPHC)? Experience through their own journey
[journal_title] => BMC Family Practice
[publisher] => BMC
[year] => September 2020
[subject] => Social Science; Humanities; Health Care
)
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[post_date] => 2021-05-27 17:26:51
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-05-27 09:26:51
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => What Mental Distress is Experienced by Interning Doctors and How to Deal with it?
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[researchers_name] => ISMAIL, Munirah
[researchers_position] => Institute for Health Management, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health, Malaysia
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/munirah.png
[researchers_profile] => https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Munirah-Ismail-3
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[research_footprints] => anxiety; psychological distress; medical intern; stress; COPE; healthcare professionals; mental health; health problem; medical internship; depression; cross sectional study
[graphic_abstract] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This research performed the first national-level cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of psychological distress and its association with coping strategies among medical interns in Malaysia. The three major psychological distresses examined were stress, anxiety, and depression. Based on the data collected, the majority of interns experienced anxiety (39.9%) throughout their internship period, followed by stress (29.7%) and depression (26.2%). Noticeably, female and younger interns are highly susceptible to these conditions. Nevertheless, there has been an overall decline in anxiety and stress experiences compared to a previous study, which indicates the effectiveness of improvement strategies implemented during internship training in recent years. Moreover, most of these interns were found to have adopted healthy problem-focused coping strategies to get through the intense training process and psychological distress. As a whole, the data presented in this study would benefit healthcare institutions in incorporating the reinforcement of healthy coping strategies to ensure the effectiveness of medical internship programs.
[the_background] => The intensity in performing life-saving acts day-in and day-out is overwhelming for medical practitioners, especially the newbies and interns. Every now and then, Malaysian interns and HOs make headlines due to stress, depression, being bullied, etc. Most of the time, the mental strength of these interns are being challenged as they juggle between doing it right and adapting to the new pace and demands. Consequently, these medical interns experience psychological distress at one point or another and would need to learn to cope with it in a healthy manner. In Malaysia, most studies focused on a single psychological distress condition or based in a single center. Since there is a lack of national-level data on the prevalence of psychological distress, this study aims to collect the necessary data on this matter and examine the coping mechanisms used by the medical interns.
[the_sdg_impact] => Mental health issues have been identified as major public health problems affecting the health of the people not excluding the health professional themselves. Higher levels of psychological distress were seen among healthcare professionals where their poor mental health can compromise the quality of life and work performance and quality of care to patients. By addressing the psychological challenges faced by them and the importance of equipping the doctors, especially the young ones, with the right coping skills mechanism when dealing with stressful environments so that their mental well being is taken care of. This also contributes to the 3rd SDG - Good Health Well Being.
[article_url] => https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/appy.12417
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1111/appy.12417
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[publication_title] => The prevalence of psychological distress and its association with coping strategies among medical interns in Malaysia: A national-level cross-sectional study
[journal_title] => Asia-pacific Psychiatry
[publisher] => Wiley Publishing
[year] => August 2020
[subject] => Social Science; Humanities
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[post_date] => 2021-05-27 17:14:57
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-05-27 09:14:57
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Government Doctor’s Dilemma: To Stay or To Leave?
[post_excerpt] =>
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[researchers_name] => ABDUL RASSIP, Muhammad Nur Amir
[researchers_position] => National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
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[researchers_profile] => https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Muhammad-Nur-Amir-Bin-Abdul-Rassip
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[researchers_name_2] => WAN PUTEH, Sharifa Ezat
[researchers_position_2] => Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Malaysia
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[researchers_profile_2] => https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sharifa-Ezat-Ezat
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[original_article_reference] =>
[research_footprints] => resignation; health system; degree of freedom; human resource management; healthcare professional; statistical package for the social sciences; job satisfaction
[graphic_abstract] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => The primary aim of this study is to identify the factors influencing physicians’ intention to continue serving in government hospitals instead of seeking positions in the private sector. Based on the survey conducted, job satisfaction towards governance and work processes are among the leading triggers to cause resignation. One of the effective policies established by the Ministry of Health in Malaysia is the Full Paying Patient (FPP) services which did not just improve physician retention rate, but also the quality of patient care. In a way, this initiation also reduced the government’s financial burden by allocating medical subsidies only to those who can’t afford them. The evidence gathered through this study is, therefore, capable of providing policymakers with simple guidelines in implementing appropriate and flexible strategies to retain and meet the needs of the workforce.
[the_background] => Many public sector physicians consider themselves overworked and under-compensated for all the hard work that is required from them. Thus, taking up an offer at a private hospital becomes more tempting. In fact, scholars of full government scholarships would prefer to practice under private hospitals and opt-out of the bondage due to these reasons as well as the fancy work environment. In order to keep up with the growing demands in the healthcare sector, decision-makers are required to introduce effective measures to retain their rapidly depleting workforce. Therefore, studies on physicians’ motivation to stay need to be understood and incorporated into the initiatives for a better outcome.
[the_sdg_impact] => The growing medical “brain drain” and healthcare worker shortages are concerning, especially for public sectors, rural areas, and low-income countries. Public health standards and priorities are compromised due to the migration of health professionals to urban areas, private sectors, and high-income nations. Hence, human resource management decision makers must consider the factors causing such phenomena when drafting policies. The findings of this study provide evidence-based data to guide these policymakers to improve healthcare workforce job satisfaction, wages, resources, and working conditions, ultimately increasing the retention rate in the least developed countries as intended by UNSDG 3: Good health and well-being.
[article_url] => https://www.alliedacademies.org/articles/physicians-intention-to-leave-from-malaysia-government-hospitals-with-existing-retention-strategy-13327.html
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.35841/public-health-policy.4.3.30-37
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[publication_title] => Physicians intention to leave from Malaysia government hospitals with existing retention strategy.
[journal_title] => Journal of Public Health Policy and Planning
[publisher] => Allied Academies
[year] => July 2020
[subject] => Social Science; Humanities
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[post_date] => 2021-05-27 17:02:33
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-05-27 09:02:33
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => How do Malaysian Patients Benefit from the Cluster Hospital Initiative?
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[researchers_name] => NG, Rui Jie
[researchers_position] => Institute for Health Management, National Institutes of Health, Malaysia
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Hospital-.png
[researchers_profile] => https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rui-Jie-Ng
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[researchers_name_2] => KHAIRUL ANUAR, Ili Liyana
[researchers_position_2] => Centre for Organisational Excellence Development, Institute for Health Management, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
[researchers_photo_2] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/ili.png
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[original_article_reference] =>
[research_footprints] => healthcare system; patient satisfaction; systematic review; service delivery; integrated care; thematic analysis; healthcare service; universal health coverage; patient-centred care
[graphic_abstract] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => Based on the experience of Malaysian patients, this study highlights patient benefits from hospitals merging in the Cluster Hospital Initiative (CHI). The key benefits recognized are the changes in healthcare service, time spent on healthcare-related activities, and financial cost. After conducting interviews with Malaysian patients in these merged hospitals, researchers found that patients were satisfied with the increased availability of specialists and improved quality of care. Patients also complimented the shorter waiting time for medical procedures and consultation as well as reduced traveling time to the hospitals. Moreover, patients are pleased with the lower healthcare cost and higher financial savings as a result of this initiative. Nevertheless, this study can further expand by researching other features of this initiative, such as the healthcare personnel’s experience and assessing its efficiency.
[the_background] => Cluster Hospital Initiative (CHI), different from the conventional hospital mergers, focuses on integrating resources from a network of hospitals in the same region through a well-coordinated merger. Such practice has been widely adopted in many countries, more commonly in private healthcare systems. Malaysia only implemented the concept in 2010, inspired by evidence from other studies. Previous studies mainly focused on its impact on hospital efficiency, price and cost changes, clinical outcomes, and quality of care. However, this is one of the first studies to focus on the patients’ and caregivers’ experience after the establishment of CHI. This study intended to determine the patients’ and caregivers’ experience in the healthcare services of the CHI locations. This was done by conducting an in-depth interview with the patients and caregivers in these hospitals. This study could help create a comprehensive hospital merging system that allows all Malaysians access to quality hospital care.
[the_sdg_impact] => In an effort to support the Good Health and Well-being goal under the global Sustainable Development Goals, the Ministry of Health Malaysia aims to provide a more streamlined and cohesive healthcare delivery by utilising all facilities and shared resources. The merging of hospital services is a change in the existing way of healthcare being delivered to the people of Malaysia, therefore their acceptance and experience may provide useful insights to how the initiative can be improved for its longevity. With that in mind, this research looks into public acceptance and experience following the implementation of CHI. Ultimately, the findings could provide insights for policymakers to further strengthen the initiative towards its sustainability.
[article_url] => http://www.pertanika.upm.edu.my/pjssh/browse/regular-issue?article=JSSH-6368-2020
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.28.4.09
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[publication_title] => Exploring Patients’ Experience on Hospital Merger: Have they benefited from Cluster Hospital Initiative in Malaysia?
[journal_title] => Pertanika Journal of Social Science and Humanities
[publisher] => UPM Press
[year] => December 2020
[subject] => Social Science; Humanities
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[post_date] => 2021-05-27 15:33:51
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-05-27 07:33:51
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[post_title] => Mathematical Model to Forecast COVID-19 Transmission Amidst Movement Control Order
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[researchers_name] => GILL, Balvinder Singh
[researchers_position] => Institute of Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Malaysia
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[researchers_profile] => https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Balvinder-Gill
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[researchers_name_2] => LABADIN, Jane
[researchers_position_2] => Department of Computational Science and Mathematics, University Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia
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[original_article_reference] =>
[research_footprints] => susceptible; movement control order; reproduction number; public health; middle east respiratory syndrome; isolation; exposed; severe acute respiratory syndrome; protective equipment; movement; movement control; non-pharmaceutical interventions; mathematical modelling; novel coronavirus; infectious; novel pathogen; epidemic control; crisis preparedness and response centre; COVID-19
[graphic_abstract] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study estimated the COVID-19 transmission dynamics and provided forecasts of case trends by extending the previously developed SEIR mathematical model to include traced, exposed, infected, isolated, and quarantined components to develop a robust forecasting model, the study took into consideration parameters such as the proportion of close contacts traced per day, transmissibility, and probability of a susceptible person becoming infected. The findings of this study showed a reduction of peak active cases by 99.1% and average contact per case following the implementation of movement control order (MCO). Therefore, it is proven that the institution of effective control measures did contribute to lowering the spread of the virus. Overall, the results emphasize how crucial it is for the public to comply with the control measures. Policymakers and health authorities can use these findings as evidence to guide the timely institution of control measures in breaking the COVID-19 chain of transmission.
[the_background] => Little introduction is required to emphasize the devasting impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite intensive public health efforts in screening and imposing social-distancing and citywide lockdowns, the chain of transmission seems unbreakable, judging by the rise of global cases and deaths. Several studies have explored various mathematical models to understand the transmission dynamics and forecast the progress of the pandemic. The outcome of which has proven that efficient human-to-human transmission exists. However, there is a lack of evidence on the effect of movement control measures, isolation, and quarantine efforts on the transmission dynamics of COVID-19. Therefore, this study aims to develop a robust mathematical model forecasting COVID-19 transmission by considering the control measures implemented in the country.
[the_sdg_impact] => As of 1st August 2021, more than 140 million people have been infected by the COVID-19 virus, with almost 3.2 million lives lost. There are devasting reports of second-waves and third-waves affecting countries globally resulting in dire consequences in terms of health effects and deaths which are more severe than the previous waves. Although vaccination is being administered, strict control measures are still required to ensure the transmission is kept under control. The findings of this study are proof of the effectiveness of strict movement control orders in controlling the spreading of the virus in hopes of ending this pandemic (SDG 3: Good health and well-being).
[article_url] => https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/15/5509
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155509
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[publication_title] => Modelling the Effectiveness of Epidemic Control Measures in Preventing the Transmission of COVID-19 in Malaysia
[journal_title] => International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
[publisher] => MDPI
[year] => July 2020
[subject] => Medical; Covid-19; Biomedical Epidemiology
)
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[post_date] => 2021-05-27 15:02:55
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-05-27 07:02:55
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Genetic Profiling of the Malaysian Indian Community
[post_excerpt] =>
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[researchers_name] => AHMAD FAUZI, Nurul Aain
[researchers_position] => Immunogenetic Unit, Allergy and Immunology Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
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[researchers_name_2] => TOO, Chun Lai
[researchers_position_2] => Immunogenetic Unit, Allergy and Immunology Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
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[original_article_reference] =>
[research_footprints] => polymerase chain reaction; applied biosystems; indian diaspora; Haplotypes; allele frequency; medical research; alleles
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/210628_Phylogenetic-Tree-Pic_Final-Version.png
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study reports the genetics information for the third largest ethnicity in Malaysia, the Southeast Asia Indian community. The genetic information for five different genes (i.e., HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-DRB1, and HLA-DQB1) were identified in 271 healthy Indian controls sourced from the multicentred Malaysian Epidemiological Investigation of Rheumatoid Arthritis (MyEIRA) case-control study. In this report, a set of specific number coding represented the most common identified alleles for each studied gene, for example, HLA-A*24:02, HLA-B*51:01, HLA-C*06:02, HLA-DRB1*07:01, and HLA-DQB1*06:01. A significant deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Proportion for HLA-A, HLA-C, and HLA-DRB1 was observed, and a combination of five common signals for each gene was reported. The generated genetic data is useful for scientists working to understand the role of genes in health and disease(s).
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium: a theorem used to state that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of other evolutionary influences
[the_background] => Indians make up the third-largest ethnicity in Malaysia, with origins mainly from the southern part of India. Comprehensive genetic profiling of Malaysian Indians establishes a novel reference to appreciate the genetic makeup and changes that occur over time and are considered especially interesting in diasporic origins. This is because such data highlights the influence of geographical settings in the gene flow hypothesis. In addition, identification of genes commonly associated with specific genetic disorders or disease resistance across or within specific ethnicities adds to the global/general understanding of genetic influence in both health and disease, with consequences on disease prevention and treatment. Therefore, this report aims to provide genetic information of the Malaysian Indian community by using polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe hybridization methods.
[the_sdg_impact] => The HLA genes are the most diverse in the human genome. The continuous study of the field has led to critical clinical applications and significant scientific impacts, including breakthroughs in understanding rheumatoid arthritis (RA), drug hypersensitivity, organ donor-recipient matching, and population genetics. Acknowledging the importance of HLA-genes in both health and disease, the authors have reported and established the common HLA-genes among 271 healthy Indians in Malaysia as a novel and additional reference in the Allele Frequencies Network Database (AFND). (SDG 3: Good health and well-being).
[article_url] => https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0198885920302202
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/genes-2.jpg
[podcast] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Genetic_9524062_1631086414.mp3
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humimm.2020.04.004
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[publication_title] => HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles and haplotypes in 271 Southeast Asia Indians from Peninsular Malaysia
[journal_title] => Human Immunology
[publisher] => Elsevier
[year] => June 2020
[subject] => Medical; Immunogenetic; Immunology
)
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[post_date] => 2021-05-27 14:36:00
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-05-27 06:36:00
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[post_title] => Investigation of Mutation Contributing to Insecticide Resistance in Backcrossed Wolbachia Mosquitoes
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[researchers_name] => HARSHMAN, Nancy Endersby
[researchers_position] => School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Australia
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/nancy.png
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[researchers_name_2] => AHMAD, Noor Afizah
[researchers_position_2] => Medical Entomology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Malaysia
[researchers_photo_2] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/noor-f.png
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[original_article_reference] =>
[research_footprints] => Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium; pyrethroid resistance; sodium channel; odds ratios; genotype frequency; genetic background; single nucleotide polymorphism; aedes albopictus; anopheles gambiae; insecticide; aedes aegypti
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Poster-Wolba-New2-scaled.jpg
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study identified the mutation that contributes to insecticide resistance in 2 different dengue vector mosquitoes, Aedes species. The study aimed at replicating the mutations responsible for the resistance found in wild type (from the field) in the laboratory reared Wolbachia mosquitoes through backcrossing. A cross-breed generation of mosquitoes was created by mating the mosquitoes from the field and the Wolbachia bacteria infected female colony from the laboratory and the mutations causing insecticide resistance was investigated across all species. The outcome of the research highlighted the resistance genotype and phenotype persisted in backcrossed populations in comparison with wild mosquitoes. The first mutation (F1534L) in Malaysia was also identified in one of the wild species, Ae. Albopictus which is an indication of increasing resistance towards the pesticide control methods being largely employed to contain the dengue situation in the country. The outcome of this study, thus, demonstrates that resistance mutations provide a survival advantage to Wolbachia Ae. aegypti mosquitoes, which must be maintained in laboratory lines by regular backcrossing, eventually help the sustainability of the Wolbachia mosquitoes in the field.
[the_background] => In Malaysia, an alternative method of dengue reduction is employed which comprises releases of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes infected with a bacterium, Wolbachia, found naturally in other insects. Wolbachia turns the mosquitoes into incompetent vectors so they do not transmit the disease. Regular backcrossing between laboratory grown Wolbachia mosquitoes and field mosquitoes preserve the pesticide resistance characteristics which provides a survival advantage to Wolbachia mosquitoes. However, Wolbachia mosquitoes are reared in the laboratory before release and must be able to survive in the field where they will encounter insecticides. Therefore, our study demonstrates benefits of crossing laboratory mosquitoes to those from the field over generations, so that the mosquito lines acquire field resistance characteristics, specifically in terms of mutations in the sodium channel gene.
[the_sdg_impact] => According to the statistics from the Ministry of Health, a total of 130 101 dengue cases and 182 deaths were reported in 2019. What’s more troubling is the percentage of increase of the cases and death rate compared to 2018, recording a 61.4% and 23.8% increase respectively. WHO estimates 390 million dengue virus infections annually with 70% occurrence in Asia and the staggering figures demonstrates the significance of efficient control methods to contain the situation. Two major setbacks of the existing dengue control method using chemicals are the potential toxicity to the environment and emergence of resistance to the pesticide treatment. In accordance with that, intervention using Wolbachia mosquitoes as an alternative will support two crucial goals of sustainable development by the United Nations, UNSGD 3, to promote good health and wellbeing and UNSDG 15, to protect the environment. Inevitably, this study paves way for the country and hopefully to the Asian region that is mainly affected by dengue to optimise this substitute biological method to prevent dengue infection.
[article_url] => https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/11/8/529
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Wolbachia-3.jpg
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11080529
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[publication_title] => Characterization of Sodium Channel Mutations in the Dengue Vector Mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus within the Context of Ongoing Wolbachia Releases in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
[journal_title] => Insects
[publisher] => MDPI
[year] => August 2020
[subject] => Medical; Entomology; Dengue
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[post_date] => 2021-05-27 14:12:42
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[post_title] => Potential Remedy to Manage Obesity through the Consumption of Red Edible Seaweed Supplement
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[researchers_name] => BALASUBRAMANIAM, Vimala
[researchers_position] => Nutrition Metabolic & Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Malaysia
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/vimala.png
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[research_footprints] => edible seaweed; low-density lipoprotein anti-obesity; histopathology weight loss; high-density lipoprotein; insulin resistance; alkaline phosphatase; analysis of variance; ;weight gain; Rhodophyta; hematoxylin and eosin; eucheuma denticulatum; food intake; standard deviations; fat mass; in vivo; acute oral toxicity; chronic disease
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/graphical-abstract-Dr.-Vimala-1_001.png
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study provided evidence on the anti-obesity properties of Eucheuma denticulatum, a red edible seaweed, in animal models. When fed with a high-fat diet and supplemented with E. denticulatum freeze-dried powder, rats showed an increased protective effect against visceral fat gain and lowered BMI and Lee index figures. Findings also showed improvement in insulin sensitivity and liver function and reduced dietary fat uptake when the metabolic biomarkers such as HOMA-IR, TG, glucose, leptin, ghrelin, and insulin were screened. In addition, a preliminary observation on acute toxicity as a result of this seaweed supplement suggests a maximum of 2000 mg kg-1 is safe to be consumed by the rats in a single oral administration. Based on the evidence shared, future research could explore options of including this species of red edible seaweed as a complementary treatment to manage obesity. However, further clinical research and evidence are required before such administration.
[the_background] => The major strategy for prevention and treatment of obesity is lifestyle modification, including diet control and physical exercise. Diet programs may produce weight loss over the short term, but maintaining weight loss frequently is difficult. There are several anti-obesity drugs commercially available including orlistat, rimonabant and sibutramine. However, the potential toxicity may limit their usage. Thus, continuous search for remedies with minimum side effects is paramount. E. denticulatum has shown to have health benefit properties such as anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, and antiinflammatory activities using in vitro models. At present, the overall effect on in vivo models and metabolic responses is relatively unknown. Thus, this study will further enhance scientific evidence and strengthen the claims of seaweed as a nutritious food.
[the_sdg_impact] => According to the statistics presented by World Health Organization (WHO), 1.9 billion adults worldwide were reportedly overweight in 2016, with 650 million were recognized as obese. The health consequences of being overweight and obese are dire as to increased risk for the development of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, musculoskeletal disorders, and even some cancers. Therefore, to reduce the risk of premature deaths and disabilities caused by these non-communicable diseases resulting from obesity, this study presents E. denticulatum as a potential natural supplement to manage excessive diet-induced weight gain (SDG 3: Good health and well-being).
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10811-020-02061-z
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/seaweed.jpg
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[publication_title] => Effect of red edible seaweed Eucheuma denticulatum on diet-induced obesity in vivo
[journal_title] => Journal of Applied Phycology
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => February 2020
[subject] => Medical; Nutrition Metabolic; Cardiovascular
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[post_date] => 2021-05-26 21:44:56
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[post_title] => Estimating Hepatitis Infection Prevalence in Middle-income Country
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[researchers_name_2] => GHANI, Rimah Melati
[researchers_position_2] => Sector Evidence Based in Healthcare, National Institute of Health, Malaysia
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[original_article_reference] =>
[research_footprints] => hepatitis B virus; hepatitis C virus; confidence interval; hepatitis B; missing at random; odds ratios
[graphic_abstract] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study recognizes the importance of understanding the transmission patterns of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the community. In 2016, The Malaysian Cohort (TMC) project was initiated to estimate the prevalence rate of HBV and HCV infection among the Malaysian adult population. Primarily, the study analyzed the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc), and antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) in the blood sample to determine the seroprevalence of the infections. As a result, the prevalence of HBsAg, anti-HBc, and anti-HCV positivity among Malaysian adult population were 4%, 20%, and 0.3%, respectively. Thus, it was concluded that the seroprevalence of HBV infection in Malaysia is low and intermediate for HCV infection. With that said, male and rural residents were found to be at higher risk than the others. The study also elaborated the impact of geographical positioning of the community, lifestyle, cultural activity, and marital status as possible causes of the transmission. Ultimately, the data produced and factors identified concerning HBV and HCV infection transmission in Malaysia could be beneficial for policymakers to strategize the national immunization program and eradicate the diseases.
[the_background] => Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections largely contribute to the rise of liver-related illnesses. Although the infections are preventable and treatable if diagnosed at an early stage, many are unaware that they are carriers of the viruses due to the asymptomatic nature of the infections. In Malaysia, the Ministry of Health (MoH) foresee a spike in the infection rates for HBV and HCV in the next 2 decades. In order to control this endemic threat, it is crucial for healthcare service providers and policymakers to understand the prevalence of HBV and HCV infections in the Malaysian community. However, there are no population-based studies conducted to date which could provide such data. Therefore, this study conducted a population-based study on HBV and HCV infection prevalence among the Malaysian adult population to improve disease control and early screening strategies.
[the_sdg_impact] => According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 325 million people live with a viral hepatitis infection globally. It projects that an estimated 4.5 million premature deaths could be prevented in low- and middle-income countries by 2030 through structured immunization programs, early screening, and awareness campaigns. With Malaysia having an unclear estimation of the infected population, any hepatitis vaccination programs initiated may not provide the best outcome. Therefore, the data provided by this study would bring the Malaysian healthcare policymakers a step closer to understanding the prevalence of hepatitis infections in the community. With that, comprehensive policies and interventions can be drawn to improve the national vaccination program and significantly reduce the new hepatitis infections as aimed by WHO and UN SDG 3: Good health and well-being.
[article_url] => https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-77813-5
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-77813-5
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[publication_title] => Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection among Malaysian population
[journal_title] => scientific reports
[publisher] => Nature Portfolio
[year] => December 2020
[subject] => Medical
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[post_date] => 2021-05-26 17:42:59
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-05-26 09:42:59
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Factors Influencing Primary Healthcare Providers’ Perception towards Implementation of New Intervention
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[researchers_name] => LOW, Lee Lan
[researchers_position] => Institute For Health Systems Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Malaysia
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Assessing-.png
[researchers_profile] => https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Lee-Lan-Low
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[researchers_name_2] => ABDULLAH, Zalilah
[researchers_position_2] => Centre for Health Policy Research Institute for Health Systems Research, Malaysia
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[original_article_reference] =>
[research_footprints] => Non-communicable diseases; healthcare clinic; nongovernmental organisations; service delivery; implementation research; primary healthcare; healthcare provider; qualitative
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/91F4DAAD34AB427089CF5115D9534D4B990.png
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => The primary aim of this study is to examine the readiness of public primary healthcare providers in accepting changes in non-communicable disease (NCD) patient management intervention to be proposed by the Enhanced Primary Healthcare (EnPHC) initiative. By using the Consolidated Framework of Implementation Research (CFIR), the findings suggested that, at large, the healthcare providers are open and receptive towards changes. However, several concerns need to be addressed before implementing the initiative, namely shortage of staffing, high patient load, and existing clinic facilities. Furthermore, the varying cultural and local adaptations of the implementation and its management may also influence the healthcare providers’ perception of the changes. With this information, policymakers and clinic managers would be able to mold the intervention accordingly and allocate the resources efficiently to produce favorable outcomes of the EnPHC initiative; thus, improving the primary healthcare setting and NCD management.
[the_background] => Concerned by the rise of the non-communicable disease (NCD) burden in Malaysia, the Ministry of Health (MoH) proposed the Enhanced Primary Healthcare (EnPHC) initiative in selected public primary healthcare clinics. To design a feasible intervention model, baseline information on the perception of healthcare providers towards change is necessary, so is the understanding of the existing barriers in terms of human resources and infrastructure. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the current conditions of the local clinics and the challenges concerning the healthcare providers when it comes to accepting change, especially in NCD patient management.
[the_sdg_impact] => Apart from intending to reduce NCD-led premature mortality rate, UN SGD 3: good health and well-being, also emphasizes on improving the quality of essential healthcare system and services. To do so, it is crucial for policymakers to introduce supporting intervention strategies and initiatives, particularly to ensure NCD patients’ needs are met and well managed. Therefore, the findings of this study highlight the need to engage with healthcare service providers and recipients prior to the proposal of any intervention. By assessing the expectations, acceptance, and concerns of relevant parties, policymakers would be able to draft and implement a better and more practical national-level intervention, especially for healthcare services.
[article_url] => https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12913-019-4312-x
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4312-x
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[publication_title] => Assessing receptiveness to change among primary healthcare providers by adopting the consolidated framework for implementation research (CFIR)
[journal_title] => BMC Health Services Research
[publisher] => BMC
[year] => July 2019
[subject] => Medical; Non Communicable Diseases
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[post_author] => 154
[post_date] => 2021-05-26 16:55:47
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-05-26 08:55:47
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Protocol to Tailor the Person-centred Practice Framework to Fit Local Context
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[post_name] => protocol-to-tailor-the-person-centred-practice-framework-to-fit-local-context
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[researchers_name] => BALQIS-ALI, Nur Zahirah
[researchers_position] => Centre for Health Outcomes Research, Institute for Health Systems Research, Malaysia
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/balqis.png
[researchers_profile] => https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nur-Balqis-Ali
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[research_footprints] => average variance extracted; primary care clinic; exploratory factor analysis; structural equation modeling; composite reliability; healthcare provider; confirmatory factor analysis; factor analysis; ethics committee
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Flow-Chart-figure.png
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study designed a protocol to adapt and validate the Person-Centred Practice Inventory-Staff (PCPI-S) questionnaire to measure person-centredness among the primary healthcare providers in Malaysia. The adaptation and validation process are suggested to be conducted in 4 stages: tool review, translation, pre-testing and cognitive interviewing, and psychometric evaluation, in the given order. By developing such a protocol, this study aims to translate the person-centred framework into practice through provision of a guide for learning and development in supporting person-centred care (PCC) for anyone who would like to implement the same practice in their local environment.
[the_background] => The person-centred practice framework by McCormack and McCance focused on the therapeutic relationship between healthcare providers and service users. Among the domains emphasized in the theoretical framework are the healthcare provider’s attributes, the care environment and processes, and person-centred practices and outcomes. Factors such as local culture and norms are essential for the effective delivery of PCC and evaluation tool designing. This study focuses on designing a comprehensive protocol to measure person-centredness among healthcare providers which is adapted and validated to fit the Malaysian primary healthcare context.
[the_sdg_impact] => Person-centred care has been acknowledged as a practice to replace the conventional medical and disease centered practice. The ultimate objective of the United Nations (UN) and World Health Organization (WHO) is to improve health outcomes by reducing mortality, ending epidemics, preventing and treating diseases, and refining care management quality (SDG 3: Good health and well-being). This study particularly focuses on catering the person-centred practice framework to fit into a developing country context in terms of culture, language, and norm to reflect on the practices of healthcare providers.
[article_url] => https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/10/3/e034128.info
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034128
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[publication_title] => Protocol for a cross-sectional study measuring person-centredness among healthcare providers in Malaysian primary care clinics: the adaptation and validation of the Person-Centred Practice Inventory-Staff (PCPI-S) Questionnaire
[journal_title] => BMC Health Services Research
[publisher] => BMJ
[year] => March 2020
[subject] => Medical
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[ID] => 28020
[post_author] => 154
[post_date] => 2021-05-26 15:47:15
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-05-26 07:47:15
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Effective Recruitment Strategies for Surveys Related to Primary Care
[post_excerpt] =>
[post_status] => publish
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[post_name] => effective-recruitment-strategies-for-surveys-related-to-primary-care
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[researchers_name] => HUSIN, Masliyana
[researchers_position] => Institute for Clinical Research, National Institute of Health Malaysia, Malaysia
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Recruitment-.png
[researchers_profile] => https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Masliyana-Husin
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[research_footprints] => general practitioner; response rate; recruitment; continuing medical education; primary healthcare
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/save680.png
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => How responsive are the doctors in Malaysia towards an international survey? This study showed that by adapting several strategies, favourable response rates could be obtained for surveys which require participation of doctors from public and private primary care settings in Malaysia. These strategies included having a national coordinator, sending out personalised invitations for recruitment, conducting face-to-face interview, rewarding non-monetary incentives and, last but not least, obtaining endorsement from professional associations, state health departments as well as private clinic managers. The details and reasons of non-responders were also recorded via a set of non-response questionnaires. In future studies, the non-respondents obtained are recommended to be used for making valid inferences about the target population.
[the_background] => The international QUALICOPC (Quality and Cost of Primary Care) study was conducted in various countries to evaluate the performance of primary care in the respective countries. In order to achieve their goals, data was collected from primary care doctors and patients via surveys. However, while attempting to engage the doctors, there are bound to be hurdles such as time constraint, confidentiality, lack of interest, and barriers set by ‘gatekeepers’. Thus, this study was carried out to describe the effective recruitment strategies, the response rates and the reasons for non-response of QUALICOPC study in Malaysia. The output of this research could facilitate future surveys involving primary care doctors.
[the_sdg_impact] => To improve the quality of health services rendered, research on primary care is necessary for the purpose of benchmarking. The research often requires data collection from both doctors and patients. This study has shared and discussed the effectiveness of several strategies which could increase the response rate in collecting the relevant data. Hence, its objective is well-aligned with UNSDG 9: Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure by helping to enhance scientific research.
[article_url] => https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/primary-health-care-research-and-development/article/recruitment-and-participation-of-a-survey-in-a-publicprivate-primary-care-setting-experience-from-the-qualicopc-malaysia/D46D4E6091FA869F5FD459DDFB77F05A
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Recruitment-3.jpg
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1017/S1463423620000511
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[publication_title] => Recruitment and participation of a survey in a public–private primary care setting: experience from the QUALICOPC Malaysia
[journal_title] => Primary Health Care Research & Development
[publisher] => Cambridge University Press
[year] => November 2020
[subject] => Medical; Primary Health Care
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[post_date] => 2021-05-26 15:24:17
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-05-26 07:24:17
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Suboptimal BP Control and Hypertension Care by Malaysia’s Public Primary Care Clinics
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[post_name] => suboptimal-bp-control-and-hypertension-care-by-malaysias-public-primary-care-clinics
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[researchers_name] => LIM, Ming Tsuey
[researchers_position] => Healthcare Statistics Unit, Clinical Research Malaysia, Malaysia
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/testing2.png
[researchers_profile] => https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ming-Lim-8
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[research_footprints] => primary care clinic; calcium channel blockers; blood pressure; risk factor; clinical practice; chronic kidney disease
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/IMG_3192-scaled.jpg
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => Is the current management of hypertensive patients feasible and effective enough? By examining patients’ medical records between 1st November 2016 and 30th June 2019, this study showed that there was hardly any improvement in the hypertensive care in Malaysia’s public primary care clinics compared to how it was in the previous decade. The blood pressure (BP) control was found to be suboptimal in those clinics. There were gaps between guidelines and actual clinical practice in the process of care for hypertension management which has a huge room for improvement. The authors suggested examining the optimal coordination, consultation, counseling and good communication skills for implementing effective management in future studies.
[the_background] => The last known evaluation for the process of care for hypertension in Malaysia was conducted about a decade ago. Meanwhile, most of the evaluations focussed on the burden of hypertension in the Malaysian population. That being said, there is a very limited number of reported evaluations on process of care and BP control. Hence, this study was conducted to investigate the latest process of care for hypertension management and to examine the association between the process and BP control among hypertensive patients in Malaysia’s public primary care clinics. The outcome serves as a good reference in overcoming the current suboptimal management of hypertensive patients.
[the_sdg_impact] => In 2015, 1.13 billion people worldwide suffered from hypertension and two-thirds of them were living in low- and middle-income countries. Less than 1 out of 5 people with hypertension have the problem under control (source: WHO). The findings of this study would be beneficial to create and increase hypertension awareness and improve its management of hypertension among the patients in public clinics as hypertension was largely managed in this healthcare setting. In return, it contributes to risk reduction and better management of national health which is part of the targets of UNSDG 3: Good Health & Well-Being.
[article_url] => https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0237083
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/hypertension-2.jpg
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[publication_title] => Quality of hypertension management in public primary care clinics in Malaysia: An update
[journal_title] => PLOS One
[publisher] => PLOS
[year] => August 2020
[subject] => Medical; Hypertension
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[post_date] => 2021-05-26 12:47:31
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[post_title] => Rising Burden of Dementia Exerts Heavy Toll on Caregivers
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[researchers_name] => Shubash Shander Ganapathy
[researchers_position] => Survey Research Centre, Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Malaysia
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/shubash.png
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[research_footprints] => social support; quality of life; affirmative action; dementia; public health; caregivers; longitudinal study; systematic review; activities of daily living
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Graphical-Abstract-Prevalence-of-dementia-and-quality-of-life-of-caregivers-of-people-living-with-dementia-in-Malaysia.png
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => What is the prevalence of dementia in Malaysia and how does it affect the life of caregivers involved? This study reported that the prevalence of dementia in Malaysia was 8.5 % among people of age 60 years and above, with the majority of them being women. A larger portion of dementia patients are also found to have no formal education and living in rural areas. As a whole, the prevalence rate is considered high since it exceeded the global dementia prevalence of 5 to 8 % as estimated by WHO. The findings suggested that the quality of life (QoL) of caregivers of people living with dementia (PLwD) depends mainly on the functional capacity of the PLwD and the availability of social support. Since these caregivers do not socialize much, physicians attending to the PLwD are encouraged to inform and educate the caregivers as part of establishing a solid support system.
[the_background] => Malaysia is set to become an aging society by 2030 when 15 % of its population will be 60 years old and above (Source: Department of Statistics). Such a trend implies that the number of dementia cases will increase accordingly. In order to be well-prepared to address this, it is necessary to understand the needs and support needed to be given to the caregivers of PLwD, as the QoL of the caregivers will in turn affect the well-being of PLwD. Other than determining the prevalence of dementia, this study aimed to understand which factors have the most influence on caregivers’ QoL and discusses ways to improve the QoL of caregivers of PLwD.
[the_sdg_impact] => Dementia is one of the major causes of disability and dependency among older people worldwide. Its impact is often overwhelming for both PLwD and their families as well as caregivers. The outcome of this research proved that an urgency is needed in attending to the burden of care associated with the increasing prevalence of dementia and improving the QoL of caregivers of PLwD. Hence, this research is well-aligned with UNSDG 3: Good Health & Well-being in ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being.
[article_url] => https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ggi.14031
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/dementia-3.jpg
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[publication_title] => Prevalence of dementia and quality of life of caregivers of people living with dementia in Malaysia
[journal_title] => Geriatrics & Gerontology International
[publisher] => Wiley Publishing
[year] => December 2020
[subject] => Medical; Non Communicable Diseases
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[post_date] => 2021-05-26 11:26:35
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-05-26 03:26:35
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Latest Prevalence & Risk Factors of Chronic Kidney Disease in Malaysia
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[researchers_name] => SAMINATHAN, Thamil Arasu
[researchers_position] => Centre for Non Communicable Diseases Research (CNCDR), Institute of Public Health, Malaysia
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Kidney-.png
[researchers_profile] => https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Thamil-Saminathan
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[research_footprints] => living quarters; risk factor; estimated glomerular filtration rate; body mass index; clinical practice guidelines; blood pressure; public health; diabetes mellitus; glomerular filtration rate; confidence intervals; prevalence; kidney disease; chronic kidney disease
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/CKD-Graphical-Abstract-IES-1.png
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => What is the latest prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Malaysia? This study reported that the CKD prevalence in Malaysia increased from 9.07% (2011) to 15.48% (2018). The factors associated with CKD were hypertension, diabetes mellitus, increasing body mass index (BMI), and increasing age. The results were derived from several significant metrics including estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of a total 1,047 adults throughout Malaysia. Studies to re-assess the trends in CKD prevalence should be carried out regularly in the future in order to evaluate the effectiveness of effort taken to prevent and treat CKD.
[the_background] => In Malaysia, 37,781 patients were on renal replacement therapy by the end of 2016. Such a phenomenon posed a significant burden to the national healthcare budget. Meanwhile, there was no regular update on the prevalence of CKD in Malaysia. Hence, it is necessary to have that information so as to prevent, treat and improve the healthcare of CKD patients. This study was carried out to investigate the current prevalence of CKD among adults in Malaysia and its associated risk factors. The outcome could guide the Ministry of Health to strategise feasible plans and budgets to address CKD.
[the_sdg_impact] => 10% of the population worldwide is affected by CKD which is a global health crisis (source: WHO). Nonetheless, with early diagnosis and treatment, it's possible to delay or stop the progression of kidney disease. By reporting the increasing trend of CKD prevalence and the potential associated risk factors, this study showed the policymakers the urgency to deal with the current state of CKD in Malaysia. In other words, it strengthens the capacity of Malaysia for early warning, risk reduction and management of CKD. Thus, this study helps to realize UNSDG 3: Good Health & Well-being.
[article_url] => https://bmcnephrol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12882-020-01966-8
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Kidney-3.jpg
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[publication_title] => Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and its associated factors in Malaysia; findings from a nationwide population-based cross-sectional study
[journal_title] => BMC Nephrology
[publisher] => BMC
[year] => August 2020
[subject] => Medical; Non Communicable Diseases
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[post_date] => 2021-05-26 10:45:17
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-05-26 02:45:17
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Identifying the Impact of Kiddie Cigarette Packs on Smoking
[post_excerpt] =>
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[researchers_name] => HALIZAH MAT, Riffin
[researchers_position] => Institute for Public Health, National Insitutes of Health, Malaysia
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Cigarette.png
[researchers_profile] => https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Halizah-Mat-Rifin
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[research_footprints] => Cigarette; cigarette stick; confidence interval; ;tobacco control; packaging; smoking prevalence; illicit cigarette; randomised controlled trials; systematic review; tobacco industry; cigarette pack; tobacco use; chronic disease
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Graphical-abstract-Kiddie-packs.jpg
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => Does the packaging size of cigarettes help in reducing cigarette consumption? This protocol article has proposed a comprehensive method to conduct a systematic review focussing on the potential impact of kiddie-size cigarette packaging on smoking habits and patterns. The method involves reviewing original articles discussing the impact of kiddie packs on smoking sourced from a range of databases with no restrictions on the publication date, language, and study designs. The findings include the initiation of smoking and urge to buy cigarettes in the general population, and the attempt to reduce cigarette consumption among current smokers.
[the_background] => Small/kiddie cigarette packs are two-edge swords whereby they might help heavy smokers to quit smoking but, on the other hand, encourage minor and lower-income consumers to smoke due to their lower prices. After kiddie packs were banned in several countries, the tobacco industry has been trying to reintroduce kiddie packs by claiming that doing this can be a solution for the surge of contraband cigarettes. To resolve the contradicting intentions, an evidence-based conclusion is needed for the actual impact of kiddie-size cigarette packaging. Hence, this protocol article proposes the first-ever systematic review to be conducted to identify the impact of kiddie packs on patterns of tobacco consumption. With the proven impact, the review serves as a solid reference for governments to control the distribution of kiddie packs according to the effort in lowering the consumption of tobacco.
[the_sdg_impact] => WHO states that tobacco kills up to half of its users, which is more than 8 million people each year. Therefore, tobacco is undeniably one of the biggest public health threats which needs to be addressed. However, the actual impact of kiddie cigarette packs on tobacco consumption has yet to be concluded. This article proposes a practical protocol to identify the impact of kiddie packs on smoking. As one of SDG 3 aims is to reduce premature mortality on NCDs, the evidence-based study on the kiddie packs is necessary to help the policymakers in regulating kiddie packs to control tobacco consumption.
[article_url] => https://systematicreviewsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13643-019-1263-6
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Cigarette-2.jpg
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[publication_title] => A systematic review protocol on small/kiddie cigarette packaging size and its impact on smoking
[journal_title] => Systematic Reviews
[publisher] => BMC
[year] => January 2020
[subject] => Medical; Non Communicable Diseases
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[post_date] => 2021-05-17 11:08:50
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-05-17 03:08:50
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[post_title] => Gene Regulatory Network as a Tool to Understand Vertebrate Head Evolution
[post_excerpt] =>
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[researchers_name] => YASUOKA, Yuuri (安岡有理)
[researchers_position] => Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Japan
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[research_footprints] => Lim1; xenopus laevis; cephalochordate; cis-regulatory module; genomics; branchiostoma; untranslated region; vertebrate; Williams-beuren syndrome; chordin; spemann-mangold organizer; gene regulatory network
[graphic_abstract] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => Gene regulatory networks specific to vertebrates illustrate that rearrangement of cis-regulatory modules contributes to the evolution of genetic control for vertebrate development. In this study, researchers compared cis-regulatory modules of vertebrate organizer genes between the amphioxus (Branchiostoma) and the frog (Xenopus) model to understand the evolution of vertebrate head development. In summary, it was found that the goosecoid gene supresses the trunk genes in the vertebrate’s head, which results in the evolution of the vertebrate head with anteriorly enlarged brain. Based on the findings, a model was proposed that the vertebrate goosecoid gene acquired the cis-regulatory module to be activated continuously in the anterior mesoderm of the vertebrate lineage. However, the model should be tested in the future by assays for potential DNA sequence elements using amphioxus models as previously done by other researchers in the genetic control field.
[the_background] => Based on gene expression patterns and neuroanatomy, the rostral part of amphioxus central nervous system is postulated to be homologous to that of vertebrates, suggesting that the vertebrate brain was acquired on a foundation already present in the ancestral chordate, instead of through addition of a new part anterior to the notochord. Recent arguments strongly go against the “new head” theory, where the neural crest and neurogenic placodes are unique to vertebrates, and most of the vertebrate forebrain are neomorphic structures. To address this, research focused on head organizer genes in vertebrates, otx2, lim1/lhx1, goosecoid, and chordin, by comparing their gene regulatory networks during head formation in Branchiostoma and Xenopus to further evaluate how the chordate head evolved.
[the_sdg_impact] => A 2019 report by the United Nations highlighted that around 1 million animal and plant species are now threatened with extinction, many within decades. The findings of the report showed a decline of 20% in the average abundance of native species in most major land-based habitats, more than 40% of amphibian species, almost 33% of reef-forming corals and more than a third of all marine mammals. As presented in this study, an in-depth understanding of the genetic make-up of animals would encourage more innovative conservation and protection efforts to be implemented. Ultimately, the outcome aligns well with UN SDG 14: Life below water for species like amphioxus and SDG 15: Life on Land when the technique is applied for other organisms.
[article_url] => https://zoologicalletters.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40851-019-0143-1
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Gene-1.jpg
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[publication_title] => Evolution of cis-regulatory modules for the head organizer gene goosecoid in chordates: comparisons between Branchiostoma and Xenopus
[journal_title] => Zoological Letters
[publisher] => BMC
[year] => August 2019
[subject] => Zoology; Biology
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[post_date] => 2021-05-16 19:29:59
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-05-16 11:29:59
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Recapitulation Pattern in Chromatin Accessibility During Vertebrate Embryogenesis
[post_excerpt] =>
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[researchers_name] => UESAKA, Masahiro (上坂将弘)
[researchers_position] => Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Japan
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/embryogenesis-.png
[researchers_profile] => https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Masahiro-Uesaka
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[research_footprints] => Recapitulation; gene expression; embryogenesis; gallus gallus; C. elegans; parallelism; expression profile; ATAC-seq; regulatory element; developmental stage
[graphic_abstract] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study provided molecular-level evidence that the evolutionarily newer genomic regions become more accessible sequentially at later developmental stages of the embryo. Three specimens from vertebrate species were used, namely the mouse, chicken, and medaka embryos, to map out accessible chromatin regions (ACRs). Observations proved that ATAC-seq (an assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing) used to mark active regulatory regions provided a reliable accessible chromatin landscape and clear estimation of chromatin accessibility at different development stages of whole-embryo. The outcome showed maximum ACRs signals with younger evolutionary ages emerging at later developmental stages; thus, confirming a recapitulation pattern in chromatin accessibility at later stages in the mid-to-late embryogenesis of the vertebrates.
[the_background] => Recapitulation is a hypothetical concept that assumes animal development proceeds along its own evolutionary history, sequentially developing from more ancestral features to more derived ones. Although this concept predicts an evolutionary tendency of animal development, the recent transcriptomic studies have not supported the recapitulation throughout embryogenesis. They showed that the mid-embryonic period, rather than the earliest one, is the most ancestral, or most evolutionarily conserved. Nonetheless, this mid-embryonic conservation does not rule out the possibility that embryogenesis after the mid-embryonic period would still show the recapitulation pattern. Therefore, this study tests the possibility by looking into active gene regulatory regions throughout the embryonic development of selected vertebrate species.
[the_sdg_impact] => In-depth knowledge on animal evolution and development in terms of genes and morphology is key to understanding the survival and adaptability behaviors of the organism. The findings of this study contribute to the existing theories and hypotheses about embryonic development and the similarity with its ancestral evolution patterns. The information gathered could benefit conservation efforts both for aquatic and terrestrial animals, genetic modification of poultry animals, and many more (UNSDG14: Life below water and UNSDG15: Life on land).
[article_url] => https://zoologicalletters.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40851-019-0148-9
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/embryogenesis-2.jpg
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[publication_title] => Recapitulation-like developmental transitions of chromatin accessibility in vertebrates
[journal_title] => Zoological Letters
[publisher] => BMC
[year] => November 2019
[subject] => Zoology; Biology
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[post_date] => 2021-05-05 14:27:00
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-05-05 06:27:00
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => A Climate-based Dengue Forecast Model
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[researchers_name] => CHUANG, Ting-Wu (莊定武)
[researchers_position] => Department of Molecular Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/climate.png
[researchers_profile] => https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ting-Wu-Chuang
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[research_footprints] => multivariate ENSO index; aedes aegypti; diurnal temperature range; autocorrelation function; antibody-dependent enhancement; extrinsic incubation period; partial autocorrelation function; Akaike Information Criterion; sea surface temperature; dengue fever; el nino southern oscillation
[graphic_abstract] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => To establish a better dengue early warning system, efforts have led Taiwanese epidemiologists to develop a dengue forecasting model using climate parameters. The local and regional weekly minimum temperature has been identified as a reliable indicator for predicting disease transmission. In Southern Taiwan, Kaohsiung City and Tainan City are among the two major dengue hotspots. Analysis of the reported dengue cases and climatic conditions of these hotspots showed that temperatures higher than 23˚C is optimal for mosquito development and virus propagation. The effects are predicted to last up to 10-15 weeks. Moreover, the study also looked into the influence of climate variations caused by El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) on dengue transmission. As a result, it is suggested to consider the effects of seasonal climate phenomena as part of dengue incidence forecasting. By extension, a similar climate-based forecasting model could be applied to predict the risks of other vector-borne disease transmissions such as Zika and Chikungunya.
[the_background] => Existing dengue control prevention and management are only initiated upon receiving reports of locally acquired human cases. Thus, making it a step too late in controlling the vector propagation and virus transmission from the very beginning. A number of past studies have associated factors such as temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation with dengue transmission. However, there has been no firm prediction model available to give out early warning alerts. Alike previous literature, this study intends to further analyze the influence of climate variability on the disease transmission pattern. The findings are to be used to develop a dengue forecast model effective for early warnings, disease control and preventive measures.
[the_sdg_impact] => In recent decades, the rate of dengue infection worldwide has increased significantly, and around 100-400 million infections are reported each year, as documented by WHO in 2020. Implementing improved outbreak prediction and detection through coordinated epidemiological and entomological surveillance is among the few ways to effectively reduce dengue morbidity. The climate-based dengue forecast model developed in this study allows public health authorities and policymakers to initiate timely preventive measures to reduce the rate of dengue infection as well as prevent a higher death toll. Essentially, the development of such a disease forecast model would contribute towards the realization of UNSDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being, which aims to reduce premature mortality from non-communicable diseases through prevention and treatment. Likewise, the contribution of the tool is also to strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards, not just in Taiwan but also other countries facing similar threats. This, in turn, aids the fulfilling of some crucial targets of the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals 13 (Climate Action) and 17 (Partnerships for the Goals).
[article_url] => https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0178698
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0178698
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[publication_title] => Effects of local and regional climatic fluctuations on dengue outbreaks in southern Taiwan
[journal_title] => PLOS One
[publisher] => PLOS
[year] => June 2017
[subject] => Molecular Parasitology; Tropical Diseases; Dengue
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[post_date] => 2021-05-03 10:31:41
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-05-03 02:31:41
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Adoption of Mobile Shopping in Developing Countries
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[researchers_name] => PHONG, Nguyen Dong
[researchers_position] => President of UEH, University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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[researchers_name_2] => KHOI, Nguyen Huu
[researchers_position_2] => Economics Faculty, Nha Trang University, Vietnam
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[original_article_reference] =>
[research_footprints] => predictive power; theory of reasoned action; structural equation model; trust; effect size; confirmatory factor analysis; mobile shopping; composite reliability; perceived risk; self-efficacy
[graphic_abstract] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study proposed a comprehensive theoretical model by integrating additional variables into the theory of reasoned action (TRA) to understand consumer intention in adopting mobile shopping. Consistent with past literature, TRA served as a good predictive model in understanding the mobile shopping adoption among people of Vietnam. By integrating perceptions of promotion and barrier factors, the study increased the strength of TRA from 19% to 61% in terms of explaining the intention of Vietnamese consumers in adopting mobile shopping. The promotion factors taken into account in building this framework were attitude, norm, self-efficacy, and trust, which showed positive influence on mobile shopping adoption behavior. Perceived risk and cost are among the barriers that holds consumer back from using mobile technologies when shopping. Overall, the outcome of this study is beneficial for business managers and marketers to understand customer drive and concerns and better cater their mobile business strategies and investments.
[the_background] => Platforms such as Amazon.com and ebay have altered the way people shopping for almost 3 decades by bringing it online. In recent years, mobile shopping has become a trend mainly due to the mobile technology advancement and convenience. With that, many researchers have looked into the adoption of this mode of shopping through the lenses of technological driving factors which are mostly centered in developed countries. In developing countries like Vietnam, the technological infrastructure for electronic and mobile shopping are yet to mature up to the extend. Moreover, there are a number of cultural norms that comes into play when consumers consider adopting mobile shopping. Therefore, this study aims to explore and understand how and why Vietnamese consumers decide to use mobile shopping. Hopefully, these findings could contribute to the structuring of appropriate strategies that supports mobile shopping services either from the business perspective or policymaking.
[the_sdg_impact] => The penetration rate of e-commerce in developing countries can be said as slow due to multiple factors, mainly in terms of infrastructure availability. Unlike developed countries, cultural norms and lack of awareness or understanding towards digital platforms can be a huge deal-breaker when consumers in developing countries consider adopting mobile app based services such as mobile shopping or even mobile banking, telehealth and online learning. Hence, the proposed framework in this study allows business owners and policymakers to better understand consumer concerns. This, as intended in UNSDG 9: Industry, innovation and infrastructure, promotes the development of quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure to support economic development with a focus on affordable and equitable access for all.
[article_url] => https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JABES-05-2018-0012/full/html
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1108/JABES-05-2018-0012
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[publication_title] => Factors affecting mobile shopping: a Vietnamese perspective
[journal_title] => Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies
[publisher] => Emerald Publishing
[year] => September 2018
[subject] => Business; Economics; Marketing
)
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[post_date] => 2021-05-02 19:47:33
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-05-02 11:47:33
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => A Guide to Improve Risk Disclosure Compliance among Financial Institutions in Developing Countries
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[researchers_name] => NKUUTU, Geofrey
[researchers_position] => Management Science, Makerere University Business School, Uganda
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[researchers_name_2] => NTAYI, Joseph Mpeera
[researchers_position_2] => Procurement and Logistics, Makerere University Business School, Uganda
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[research_footprints] => structural equation; corporate governance; Uganda; International Financial Reporting Standards; empirical evidence; financial institution
[graphic_abstract] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => For the first time, this study provides a closer look on how the board governance quality (BGQ) mechanism of financial institutions can impact the risk disclosure compliance (RDC) in Uganda. The evidence collected from financial statement analysis and surveys showed that the overall RDC level in Ugandan financial institutions is low, thus, suggesting a weak BGQ in place. Among the factors identified to have a strong influence on RDC levels in the financial institutions are ownership type, firm size, and board size. In order to enhance the transparency levels in these institutions, especially in terms of risk communication, governance board activity, independence, communication, and expertise should be improved. The findings of this study could serve as a useful guideline for policymakers to improve risk information regulation and quality in the given country.
[the_background] => Transparency in disclosing risk information has huge implications, one of which is allowing investors to assess market returns and risk profiles prior to making essential financial decisions. Having said that, there are limited literature available that provides a clearer picture of such risk information management practices in developing countries like Uganda. Furthermore, an analysis on the Ugandan RDC suggested poor compliances with several of the country’s main governance board of the financial institutions. Therefore, this study aims to understand the BGQ mechanisms of Ugandan financial institutions in influencing RDC so that the policymakers could improve the existing board governance framework and policy structure.
[the_sdg_impact] => In the chase towards sustainable finance, there are a number of indicators and standards to follow, such as ESG, SDG, Green Finance, etc. To fulfil these indicators, bank and financial institutions are required to develop and implement new frameworks and regulations. In addition, it is even more crucial for financial institutions to practice transparency when communicating risks and complying to the set rules. Therefore, in line with the notion of developing an effective, accountable and transparent institutions as suggested in UNSDG 16: Peace, justice and strong institutions, policymakers of developing countries could utilize the findings of this study to enhance respective financial institutions and governance board quality.
[article_url] => https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JABES-04-2020-0036/full/html
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[publication_title] => Board governance quality and risk disclosure compliance among financial institutions in Uganda
[journal_title] => Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies
[publisher] => Emerald Publishing
[year] => October 2020
[subject] => Business; Economics; Finance
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[79] => WP_Post Object
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[post_author] => 154
[post_date] => 2021-05-02 19:29:00
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-05-02 11:29:00
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Unique Employment and Investment Practices to Drive Manufacturing Industry Growth
[post_excerpt] =>
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[post_name] => unique-employment-and-investment-practices-to-drive-manufacturing-industry-growth
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[researchers_name] => KIM, Sangho
[researchers_position] => College of International Management, Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University, Japan
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/kim-sang.png
[researchers_profile] => https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sangho-Kim-3
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[research_footprints] => information technology; short run; production; long run; dynamic structure; manufacturing industry
[graphic_abstract] =>
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[the_novelty] => This research provides better knowledge of the unique dynamic structure of the Japanese manufacturing industry by looking at the production structure and industrial policies. When the dynamic production structure is analyzed using the adjustment cost approach, it is proved that the adjustment coefficients for labor and capital are very low, about 0.2% annually only. Such is the consequence of lifetime employment contract and slow and carefully considered investment decision making. The results of the research also emphasized the influence of time horizon on short term output supply and factor demand elasticities, thus, urging policymakers to consider it as a factor to assess policy impacts accurately.
[the_background] => Japanese manufacturing industry, known for its continuous and relentless transformation, attracted the attention of many industrial leaders. Their unique practices in perfecting their products over the long haul includes a distinguished employment term and cautious investment strategy. Nevertheless, the industrial policies drafted by the government are also drivers of the manufacturing industry growth. Since there is lack of literature evidence on the implications of these practices, this study aims to explain the production structure and manufacturing investment patterns of the Japanese industry as well as the policies that complement the practices.
[the_sdg_impact] => One of the targets of the 8th United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal is to achieve higher levels of economic productivity through diversification, technological upgrading and innovation, including through a focus on high-value added and labour-intensive sectors. In Japan, the manufacturing industry is among the capital- and skilled labor-intensive sectors which has constantly gone through transformation to cope with economic setbacks and evolution. In order to continue such growth and to improve the decision-making process of the industrial owners as well as the government, it is crucial for the findings of this research to be considered. With that, better employment and investment efforts could be adopted. Apart from that, other countries could also learn the best practices to improve their respective manufacturing industries and economic productivity.
[article_url] => https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JABES-12-2019-0123/full/html
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[publication_title] => Dynamic factor demand in the Japanese manufacturing industry
[journal_title] => Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies
[publisher] => Emerald Publishing
[year] => February 2020
[subject] => Business; Economics; Finance
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[post_date] => 2021-05-02 19:14:47
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-05-02 11:14:47
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Taxation and Stock Market Index Volatility
[post_excerpt] =>
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[researchers_name] => HARON, Razali
[researchers_position] => IIUM Institute of Islamic Banking and Finance, International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/GST-3.png
[researchers_profile] => https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Razali-Haron-2
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[researchers_name_2] => AYOJIMI, Salami Mansurat
[researchers_position_2] => Kulliyyah of Economics and Management Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia
[researchers_photo_2] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/blowfly.png
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[original_article_reference] =>
[research_footprints] => consumer price index; producer price index; European Union; federal fund rate; future market; Schwarz information criterion; arbitrage pricing theory; nonfarm payroll employment; unemployment rate; Akaike information; criterion; GARCH; market volatility; Federal Open Market Committee
[graphic_abstract] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study analyzed the impact of fiscal reform initiatives on stock market volatility throughout the pre-, during, and post-announcement processes. By taking the scenario of Good and Service Tax (GST) implementation announced by the Malaysian government in 2014, the study proved that macroeconomic news announcement increases market volatility. This is especially true during and after the announcement of GST implementation; thus, contradicting past literature that scheduled macroeconomic news reduces market volatility. In other terms, it shows that the Malaysian government’s effort on educating its people through GST awareness programs was inefficient in preparing its people for the change. The attempt to understand the effect of GST on Malaysian stock index return volatility while controlling factors such as PPI, CPI, and UNEMPR, to the best of the researchers’ knowledge, is novel and contributes significantly to the existing literature on market volatility triggers.
[the_background] => As Malaysians can recall, the announcement of a 6 percent GST tax to be imposed for about 1200 selected items took the nation by surprise and triggered a stream of public debates, concerns, and uncertainties. A major shift in buying behaviors for items such as cars, furniture, and electrical appliances was noticed following the announcement period before the implementation. At the same time, the Malaysian government has been actively introducing GST awareness programs to educate the public on the tax implementation implications. Following such unsettling event, this research intends to understand how the market would react to the shocks and concerns revolving around this new tax reform. By understanding the expectation of the market, the government and policymakers could make better decisions when it comes to planning the nation’s tax reform.
[the_sdg_impact] => A recent article by EY (2020) quotes that “a comprehensive and well-thought-out tax reform can help a nation boost its economy which growing its tax revenue in the long run.” The OECD report on Tax and Economic Growth stated that the effects of tax levels and tax structures on agents’ economic behavior are likely to be reflected in overall living standards. Therefore, the findings of this study provide insights on public reactions towards tax reforms and their impact on market volatility which would benefit the government in future fiscal reform initiatives, as well as to understand the people’s pain point. In extension, this contributes to the efforts in promoting inclusive and sustainable economic growth as envisioned in UNSDG 8: Decent work and economic growth.
[article_url] => https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JABES-06-2018-0027/full/html
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[publication_title] => The impact of GST implementation on the Malaysian stock market index volatility: An empirical approach
[journal_title] => Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies
[publisher] => Emerald Publishing
[year] => December 2018
[subject] => Business; Economics; Finance
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[post_title] => Direct Measure on Information Asymmetry and Its Influence on Firm Capital Structure Decisions
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[researchers_name] => WONGCHOTI, Udomsak
[researchers_position] => School of Economics and Finance, Massey University, New Zealand
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[researchers_name_2] => WU, Fei
[researchers_position_2] => LLC Program Academic Director, Shanghai Advanced Institute of Finance, China
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[research_footprints] => explanatory power; debt ratio; asymmetric information; pecking order; debt financing; transition period; order theory; state-owned enterprises; capital structure; liquidity ratio; information asymmetry
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[the_novelty] => This microstructure-based study provides firm evidence that there is a positive association between information asymmetry of firms and new debt issuances on the direct prediction of the pecking order theory in the Chinese stock market during the non-tradable shares (NTS) Reform period. The higher the misalignment between firm management knowledge and investor awareness, the higher the levels of debt usage. The variation in debt usage among Chinese firms during the NTS Reform period (2005-2007) also proves that financial markets do play a significant role on real economic activity. Thus, the findings agree to the traditional pecking order theory and signify that asymmetric information issue in the capital market should be taken into consideration by corporate managers.
[the_background] => In corporate finance, the pecking order theory reflects the effect of informational disadvantage on cost of financing. Following the NTS Reform in China between 2005 and 2007, the capital market has been increasingly subjected to information asymmetry problems. The impact of such scenario on a firm’s capital structure decisions is hardly known as there is lack of a direct measure on information asymmetry. Thus, this study employs microstructure research techniques to detect the degree of influence information asymmetry has on the new debt issuances in China, and its consistency with the traditional pecking order theory.
[the_sdg_impact] => The 8th United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal, Decent Work and Economic Growth, aims to promote inclusive and sustainable economic growth, employment and decent work for all. The positive relation between information asymmetry and debt issuance as proved in this study during the NTS Reform period would benefit corporate managers and policymakers in making deciding fiscal reform initiatives. The new microstructure research techniques used could potentially be used for more capital market studies which traditionally lacked direct testing tools.
[article_url] => https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JABES-04-2018-0006/full/html
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[publication_title] => Does information asymmetry lead to higher debt financing? Evidence from China during the NTS Reform period
[journal_title] => Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies
[publisher] => Emerald Publishing
[year] => May 2018
[subject] => Business; Economics; Finance
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[post_date] => 2021-05-02 13:50:32
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[post_title] => Factors Influence CSR Transparency in Developing Countries
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[researchers_name] => SALEHI, Mahdi
[researchers_position] => Department of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
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[researchers_name_2] => TARIGHI, Hossein
[researchers_position_2] => Department of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Attar Institute of Higher Education, Iran
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[research_footprints] => variance inflation factor; Tehran Stock Exchange; audit risk; financial leverage; corporate social responsibility
[graphic_abstract] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study reflects upon some key factors affecting corporate social responsibility disclosure (CSRD) practices of Iranian companies and the influence of varying levels of CSRD on audit risk. Among the key factors investigated based on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) list are firm size, financial leverage, profitability, firm age, and industry nature. According to the findings, the nature of the industry, firm size, and age could significantly influence companies' level of transparency in disclosing their CSR efforts, while financial leverage and profitability are the least of concern in this regard. Furthermore, companies are found to face higher audit risk when they are more open about their CSR practices.
[the_background] => Growingly, businesses are required to fulfill their social responsibilities through numerous CSR efforts and be transparent about it. By providing evidence of social and environmental responsibility practices, investors and other stakeholders are aware of the country’s economic sanctions to allow them to make informed decisions. CSRD, specifically on environmental disclosure, in annual reports are common practice among developed countries. However, there is close to no information available in the context of the Iranian market. Literature proved that there are a number of factors influencing companies’ decision to be transparent in terms of CSRD; in fact, managers are even seen to use it as an opportunity to address financial strains. Therefore, this study intends to provide policymakers with valuable information to align their monitoring efforts with auditors and corporations to enforce social obedience.
[the_sdg_impact] => Corporate social responsibility (CSR) efforts are indicators of corporate contributions to society's well-being, mostly out of goodwill. It has also been used as an attraction for foreign investors. Other outcomes of a company investing in CSR practices are to create wealth, employment and innovation, and improve market competitiveness through branding and customer loyalty. Therefore, this study's findings prove beneficial to investors, auditors, corporates, and policymakers of developing countries to re-evaluate their CSR practices and transparency in reporting to promote inclusive and sustainable economic growth. (SDG 8 Decent work and economic growth)
[article_url] => https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JABES-06-2018-0028/full/html
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[publication_title] => Empirical study on the effective factors of social responsibility disclosure of Iranian companies
[journal_title] => Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies
[publisher] => Emerald Publishing
[year] => December 2018
[subject] => Economics
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[post_date] => 2021-04-25 16:06:15
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-04-25 08:06:15
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[post_title] => Factors Influencing Foreign Investment in Developing Countries
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[researchers_name] => ASIAMAH, Michael
[researchers_position] => School of Economics, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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[researchers_profile] => https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael-Asiamah-2
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[researchers_name_2] => OFORI. Daniel
[researchers_position_2] => Department of Marketing and Supply Chain Management, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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[research_footprints] => Sub-Saharan Africa; exchange rate; ordinary least square; cointegration; economy; electricity production; economic growth; foreign direct investment; interest rate; determinants; gigawatt hours; akaike information criterion
[graphic_abstract] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => With regards to Ghana’s goal of becoming a higher-income earning country, this study explored the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and macroeconomic variables. Based on the 1990-2015 data set analysis, it was found that GDP, electricity production, and telephone subscriptions positively impacted the FDI of the country for both short- and long-term growth, while inflation, interest rate, and exchange rate had the opposite effect. As a result, these findings led to the proposal of a number of policy recommendations for the government of Ghana to consider to improve its FDI inflows: 1-Need for exchange rate targeting strategy; 2-Ensure the maintenance of low inflationary rate; 3-Expand telephone subscriptions; 4-Expand electricity production through collaborative efforts; 5-Reduce interest rate by financial institutions; 6-Increase country’s per capita GDP.
[the_background] => In comparison to Eastern European and Asian markets, the African countries receive the least funds from bilateral and multilateral lending institutions. Moreover, debt services are viewed as a massive burden for African governments, thus, constraining the capacity to provide quality social services for the citizens. By looking into the determinants of FDI inflows, this study aims to provide the policymakers, investors, banking institutes, and even the public with functional strategies to boost the economy. In extension, this study also intends to be used as a reference to raise the living standards and provide improved social protection for the people of Ghana.
[the_sdg_impact] => The primary goal of the United Nations is to reduce poverty and accelerate human development in developing countries, which has been made quite clear through its 1st Sustainable Development Goal: No Poverty. To do so, significant capital investment is required, and FDI behaves as an essential medium for capital inflows for many developing countries. By understanding the determining factors of FDI inflows, appropriate and strategic measures can be taken to improve the economic status of the country, creating more job opportunities, and eventually reducing the poverty rate of its people.
[article_url] => https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JABES-08-2018-0057/full/html
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1108/JABES-08-2018-0057
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[publication_title] => Analysis of the determinants of foreign direct investment in Ghana
[journal_title] => Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies
[publisher] => Emerald Publishing
[year] => January 2019
[subject] => Business; Economics; Finance
)
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[post_date] => 2021-04-25 15:21:39
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-04-25 07:21:39
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Examining the Issue of High Current Account Deficit (CAD) of India from Various Perspectives
[post_excerpt] =>
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[researchers_name] => BEHERA, Harendra Kumar
[researchers_position] => Department of Economics and Policy Research, Reserve Bank of India, India
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/hendra.png
[researchers_profile] => https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Harendra-Behera
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[researchers_name_2] => YADAV, Inder Sekhar
[researchers_position_2] => Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India
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[original_article_reference] =>
[research_footprints] => unit root; cointegration; terms of trade; likelihood ratio; current account deficit; twin deficit; Reserve Bank of India; capital flow; trade openness; consumer price index; fiscal deficit; current account balance
[graphic_abstract] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => The outcome of this study suggests that the widening of CAD is due to a fall in household financial savings and corporate investments. Also, it is found that a large part of India’s CAD has been financed by FDI and portfolio investments which are partly replaced by short-term volatile flows. The unit root and cointegration tests indicated a sustainable current account for India. Further, econometric analysis revealed that India’s current account is driven by the fiscal deficit, trade growth, inflation, real deposit rate, trade openness, relative income growth, and the age dependency factor.
[the_background] => The central goal of a country’s macroeconomic policy is to achieve a simultaneous balance between internal and external sectors. Maintaining internal balance requires keeping inflation low and stable, and potential output or unemployment rate at desired levels. It is also important that the current account balance (CAB) (especially CAD) be kept at a sustainable level to achieve the external balance. However, CAD is neither an explicit policy variable such as money supply or fiscal position, nor an ultimate policy target like output growth, inflation, or unemployment rate. But, CAD is often viewed by policymakers as a necessary “intermediate target” that reflects the stance of a country’s macroeconomic policies and doubles as a source of information about the behavior of economic agents. Also, with a rising working-age and skilled population, India should focus more on high-value product exports than low-value manufactured items. Furthermore, it is important to correct fiscal deficit on the structural side as it is one of the essential factors contributing to large CAD.
[the_sdg_impact] => India’s CAD has widened in the last few years mainly because of the rise in gold and oil imports and increased investment income payments in conjunction with fall in investment income receipts, despite a large comfort provided by the services sector and private remittances. Given the large demand in India, it isn't easy to control import growth. Thus, policymakers should focus on achieving phenomenal export growth to maintain a sustainable current account. With a rising working-age and skilled population, India could focus more on high-value product exports than low-value manufactured items. All in all, this study aligns well with the financial targets of UNSDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals, especially in terms of encouraging and promoting effective public, public-private, and civil society partnerships, building on the experience and resourcing strategies of partnerships
[article_url] => https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JABES-11-2018-0089/full/html
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[publication_title] => Explaining India’s current account deficit: a time series perspective
[journal_title] => Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies
[publisher] => Emerald Publishing
[year] => March 2019
[subject] => Business; Economics; Finance
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[post_author] => 154
[post_date] => 2021-04-25 14:50:10
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-04-25 06:50:10
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Ecotourism: How to be Customer’s No. 1 Choice?
[post_excerpt] =>
[post_status] => publish
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[post_name] => ecotourism-how-to-be-customers-no-1-choice
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[researchers_name] => NGOC THUY, Vo Thi
[researchers_position] => Faculty of Business Administration, University of Economics and Law, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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[researchers_name_2] => PHUONG THAO, Hoang Doan
[researchers_position_2] => Faculty of Business Administration, University of Economics and Law, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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[original_article_reference] =>
[research_footprints] => categorization; customer satisfaction; service quality; ecotourism; satisfaction; exploratory factor analysis; international tourism
[graphic_abstract] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study proposed a new model for the ecotourism service quality index by modifying the existing models to include price-quality inference and experiential attributes. The findings suggested four additional dimensions, namely price-quality, interaction with locals, interaction with other customers, and sense of relaxation, to be taken into consideration when measuring service quality. In addition, it was highlighted that the influence of these service quality attributes on customer satisfaction can be categorized into four groups: one-dimensional, must-be, attractive, and indifferent. Hence, this new model promises to provide a highly satisfactory ecotourism experience by encouraging eco-site management to design and deliver services by integrating the identified factors and attributes. With that said, the study also emphasized that a customer’s lack of satisfaction does not equate to dissatisfaction; instead, the services could be improved for a better experience. Although this study focused on Vietnamese tourists, the findings could be useful to understand the source of satisfaction for ecotourists across the world.
[the_background] => Ecotourism is considered as the opportunity to experience and appreciate nature, local customs, and culture. Broadly, it encompasses natural tourism, cultural tourism, soft tourism, discoverable tourism, adventurous tourism, and responsible tourism. In this context, the two most commonly used service quality indicators are SERVQUAL and ECOSERV. These indicators paid more attention to factors like physical facilities and equipment and local recreational activities, with little emphasis on gauging the motivation and experience of ecotourists. Therefore, this study aims to incorporate new dimensions of service quality and attributes to better measure customer satisfaction. Ultimately, the findings are to be used to develop a new comprehensive model for ecotourism service quality measurement.
[the_sdg_impact] => Ecotourism is a sub-component of sustainable tourism and is perceived as a potentially effective tool for sustainable development to be included in economic development and conservation strategies. Following the 2018 UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) special report, a growing awareness of climate change has been observed, and people are becoming more environmentally conscious. A 2020 survey even showed that one in ten (69%) travelers worldwide believe that green travel is important. With that being the case, eco-site management should ensure a better customer experience to keep the ecotourism industry flourishing. Such efforts would include strengthening protection and safeguarding the world’s cultural and natural heritage through sustainable development planning, as proposed by UNSDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities.
[article_url] => https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JABES-07-2018-0051/full/html
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[publication_title] => Ecotourists’ satisfaction and dissatisfaction: asymmetric effects of service attributes
[journal_title] => Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies
[publisher] => Emerald Publishing
[year] => June 2019
[subject] => Business; Economics; Ecotourism
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[post_date] => 2021-04-25 13:59:46
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-04-25 05:59:46
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Four Lenses of Cryptocurrencies: Money, Legal, Economic, and Sharia Law
[post_excerpt] =>
[post_status] => publish
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[post_name] => four-lenses-of-cryptocurrencies-money-legal-economic-and-sharia-law
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[researchers_name] => YUNELINE, Mirza Hedismarlina
[researchers_position] => Management Study Program, School of Business Ekuitas, Indonesia
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/cryptocurrency4.png
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[research_footprints] => cryptocurrency; money; journal article; monetary value; currency
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[the_novelty] => This study spearheads the analysis on the impacts of cryptocurrencies on money, legal perspective, economic perspective, and Sharia perspectives. From the perspective of money, the findings suggest that selected cryptocurrencies are readily accepted as payment and become an alternative in this current internet-fuelled global market. However, some countries have issued a ban on Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies due to bypassing central bank authorities. From an economic perspective, this paper analyses whether cryptocurrencies will fulfill the characteristic of a successful currency. In general, Sharia scholars have two different opinions. The first group argues that cryptocurrency is prohibited by Islamic Law (haram). Another group believes that it is permissible in Islamic Law (halal). Furthermore, this study also considers the opportunities and risks of cryptocurrency that may happen.
[the_background] => As mentioned above, being invented by using cryptography techniques and using distributed ledger has made cryptocurrency a popular alternative as a medium of exchange due to its safety, transparency, and cost-effectiveness. But its main feature cannot be separated from the activities of users who use cryptocurrency for their illegal transactions. Since the cryptocurrency is bypassing the central authority, it is not admitted as a legal tender. The following are some opportunities and risks of cryptocurrency:
1. Opportunities:
- strengthening global financial efficiency by reducing transaction and costs by facilitating peer-to-peer exchange;
- in the long term, the technologies have the potential in deepening financial inclusion by offering secure and low-cost payment options; and
- the implications can affect financial market infrastructures for the secure, accurate, and fast settlement transaction process.
2. Risks:
- misused for illegal activities;
- risky for financial stability because it is not backed with any assets; and
- lack of consumer protection because there are no central authorities behind it.
[the_sdg_impact] => Cryptocurrency is a digital currency based on a peer-to-peer payment system managed by open-source software and characterized by lower transaction costs, greater security and scalability than fiat money, and no need for a central bank. This makes cryptocurrencies not only a truly independent archive of records, a virtual ledger, but also one of the safest and the most reliable data transportation systems available today. Despite criticisms about illegal uses and social consequences, it is attracting the interest of the scientific community. This work aims to define and evaluate the current trends of the literature concerned with the sustainability of cryptocurrency, considering the environmental impacts, social issues, and economic aspects. All in all, this study aligns well with UN Sustainable Development Goals 17: Partnerships for the Goals, especially in funding gap in fast and innovative ways by providing transparency and accountability without the need for costly intermediaries.
[article_url] => https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JABES-12-2018-0107/full/html
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[publication_title] => Analysis of cryptocurrency’s characteristics in four perspectives
[journal_title] => Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies
[publisher] => Emerald Publishing
[year] => August 2019
[subject] => Business; Cryptocurrency; Economics
)
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[post_date] => 2021-04-21 12:22:02
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-04-21 04:22:02
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[post_title] => Performance Improvement of Liquid-Based Detector via Dynamic Geometry Information Exchange
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[researchers_name] => YOU, Zhengyun
[researchers_position] => School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, China
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[research_footprints] => large underground xenon; deep underground neutrino experiment; super kamiokande; geometry; dark matter; simulation; neutrino observatory; constructive solid geometry; neutrino experiment; computational fluid; dynamics; dynamic geometry; Geant4
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/NST_Article-06_V1-0601_001.png
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => In order to enhance the key performance of a liquid-based detector used in the studies of particle and nuclear physics, this study has proposed a development which considered the impact of a liquid flow and non-uniformity on the detector’s accuracy. The development was based on geometry description markup language (GDML) and a tessellated detector description to share the detector geometry information between computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation software and detector simulation software. The feasibility of this method was shown in a simulation with a non-uniform medium and with a deviation in the event of a vertex reconstruction. By applying it to analyze other dynamic geometry-related problems in particle and nuclear physics, its potential and performance could be further explored as well as optimized.
[the_background] => A large-scale liquid-based detector is an essential tool being utilized in particle and nuclear physics experiments, especially in neutrino experiments and dark matters studies. To fulfil the requirements of the studies, liquid-based detectors with larger size have been designed. As the size increases significantly, maintaining the uniformity in the liquid will be a challenge which directly affects the performance of the detector. Furthermore, the uniformity of the optical properties (e.g. refractive index) of the liquid also depends mainly on the liquid flow in the detector. To consider the implication of the liquid flow and non-uniformity on the performance of the detector, this study has proposed a development to exchange the detector geometry information between different software programs. The output of this study sets a milestone in the design of liquid-based detectors.
[the_sdg_impact] => The new development and improvement of liquid-based detectors has contributed to a series of experimental and theoretical studies to assess the astrophysical- and geo-neutrinos. Neutrinos are one of the most abundant particles in the universe. They have very little interaction with matter and that explains they are incredibly difficult to detect. This development is a major step towards the study of neutrinos and dark matter, an innovation that potentially spins-off many other industrial and infrastructure applications (UNSDG 9: Industries, Innovation & Infrastructure).
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41365-021-00852-8
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[publication_title] => A method for sharing dynamic geometry information in studies on liquid-based detectors
[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => February 2021
[subject] => Physics; Engineering; Nuclear
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[post_date] => 2021-04-02 13:45:32
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-04-02 05:45:32
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[post_title] => Molecular View of the Catfish Craniofacial Sensory Structure Development
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[researchers_name] => MURAKAMI, Yasunori (村上安則)
[researchers_position] => Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Japan
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/荒川和晴2.png
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[research_footprints] => evolution; phosphate-buffered saline; body surface; morphology; signaling molecules; catfish; danio rerio; developmental process; barbels; adaptive radiation; peripheral nerves; reverse transcription; silurus asotus; standard deviation; facial nerve; taste bud; dimethyl sulfoxide; ameiurus nebulosus; amur catfish; polymerase chain reaction
[graphic_abstract] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study provides insights on the development of unique craniofacial structures and taste buds of Amur catfish from a molecular perspective. By observing lab-grown catfish embryos, a number of signaling molecules were identified to influence the formation of catfish-specific morphology. The findings elaborate in exhaustive details on the roles of SHH and FGF8 as regulators for the development of craniofacial sensory structures in Amur catfish. Since these signaling molecules are common among all vertebrates, knowledge on the expression and regulation could be beneficial to understand the evolutionary novelty in catfish species as well as other fishes.
[the_background] => There are over 3730 living species of catfishes distributed across almost every saltwater and freshwater sources. Its unique morphologies include enlarged jaws with movable barbels and taste buds covering the entire body surface. These characteristics serve as a crucial evolutionary measure in their rapid diversification to survive in the freshwater ecosystem. With that said, little is known about the developmental processes and molecular mechanisms responsible of these characteristics. Therefore, this study uses comparative and experimental research models to comprehend the developmental processes between different species of catfish and identify the genes responsible for its unique morphology.
[the_sdg_impact] => Aquaculture or fish farming are considered to be a more sustainable approach to meet the global demand for seafood. Catfish farming has been recognized as one of the easiest and most flexible business due to the high resilience and prolific nature of this freshwater fish. By understanding the fundamentals of the catfish development morphology, researchers could work alongside decision-makers and aquaculture practitioners to implement science-based management plans to restore fish stokes in the shortest time feasible for maximum sustainable yield as determined by their biological characteristics. Essentially, such expansion of this study aligns well with the visions of UN SDG 14: Life Below Water, where scientific knowledge is leveraged to improve the sustainable management of marine resources.
[article_url] => https://zoologicalletters.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40851-019-0135-1
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/catfish.jpg
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1186/s40851-019-0135-1
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[publication_title] => FGF- and SHH-based molecular signals regulate barbel and craniofacial development in catfish
[journal_title] => Zoological Letters
[publisher] => BMC
[year] => June 2019
[subject] => Science and Engineering
)
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[ID] => 26528
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[post_date] => 2021-04-02 12:17:37
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-04-02 04:17:37
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => 8 New Species Identified from R. coronifer Redescription
[post_excerpt] =>
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[post_name] => 8-new-species-identified-from-r-coronifer-redescription
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[researchers_name] => ARAKAWA, Kazuharu (荒川和晴)
[researchers_position] => Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Japan
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Richtersius-4.png
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[researchers_name_2] => MICHALCZYK, Łukasz
[researchers_position_2] => Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Poland
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[research_footprints] => C. elegans; nominal species; richtersius coronifer; spitsbergen; bayesian information criterion; bayesian inference; transcriptome; scanning electron microscopy; biodiversity; hypsibius dujardini; taxonomy; species diversity
[graphic_abstract] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => The redescription of R. coronifer is a significant contribution in the tardigrade taxonomy, as it opens an array of hope for the exploration of species diversity. Recently, the species has become a popular model organism in physiological studies on cryptobiosis. Out of 13 analyzed populations, 8 were potentially identified as new species, thus, demonstrating that there is hidden species diversity within the genus Richtersius. The outdated and incomplete original description may now be replaced with detailed morphological and molecular data. To avoid future misidentifications and prevent taxonomic obstacles, it is strongly recommended that the new species in the genus be described by means of integrative taxonomy.
[the_background] => In the past, the limited availability of analytical tools along with the assumption that tardigrade species exhibit morphological variability led to underestimations of the species diversity. Many older species which were considered to have global distributions are now recognised as complexes of species comprising morphologically very similar taxa, possibly each with a limited geographic range. Out-dated descriptions and the lack of material for the type taxa are obstacles to species descriptions within a given group, such as the R. coronifer. The modern redescription of R. coronifer will allow for a correct identification of populations used as laboratory models.
[the_sdg_impact] => Global diversity is losing its thrill due to human activities. Taxonomy provides fundamental understanding about the components of biodiversity which is necessary for effective decision-making about conservation and sustainable use. According to the Convention on Biological Diversity, misidentifications of a taxonomy can lead to many harmful outcomes. Therefore, it demands for crucial attention. The sustainable development goals are the blueprint towards a sustainable future, and this article shows Goal 12: Responsible Consumption and Production, in terms of dealing and handling tools and data related to the taxonomical field.
[article_url] => https://zoologicalletters.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40851-020-0154-y
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Richtersius-2.jpg
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[publication_title] => A new redescription of Richtersius coronifer, supported by transcriptome, provides resources for describing concealed species diversity within the monotypic genus Richtersius (Eutardigrada)
[journal_title] => Zoological Letters
[publisher] => BMC
[year] => February 2020
[subject] => Advanced Biosciences
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[post_date] => 2021-03-17 14:58:11
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[post_title] => Increasing the Efficiency of Overall Handover Performance of Video Transmissions
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[researchers_name] => YAP, Timothy
[researchers_position] => Faculty of Computing and Informatics (FCI), Multimedia University, Malaysia
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[researchers_name_2] => HASSAN, Md Mahedi
[researchers_position_2] => Faculty of Computing and Informatics, Multimedia University, Malaysia
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[research_footprints] => base station; wifi; quality of service; common intermediate format; wireless network; performance metrics; data; access point; proxy mobile IPv6; vertical handover
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/videosharing4.png
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => The research article presents the handover performance metrics of video transmissions over a network-side known as Proxy Mobile IPv6. Data transmission undergoes horizontal and vertical handover while a user is on the move, for example, Wi-Fi → Wi-Fi and 3G or 4G → Wi-Fi network. Through network simulation software, the research compared the handover performance metrics of three different protocols by extracting information on handover latency, jitter, cumulative measured, and peak signal-noise ratio. The simulation data analysis notes that an optimal overall handover performance of video transmission requires a fast network connection prior to moving or relocating. The data and interpretation of this research would be useful for the enhancement of future telecommunication tools.
[the_background] => Have you ever noticed, as you switch from Wi-Fi network to mobile data or vice versa, the video you are streaming becomes distorted and pixelated for a few seconds before returning to the original quality? That is an example of handover performance. Among the major drawbacks experienced by users during video transmission are the prolonged latency or delay and quality of services in the flow of handover process caused by the network switching. The primary aim of this research is to provide handover data essential for the formulation, stimulation, and evaluation of mobility management protocols. Based on the performance metrics provided, the process of handover and quality of service could be improved, especially for mobile phones.
[the_sdg_impact] => The increased usage of data has created a high demand for data quality. The mobile and wireless communication industries are constantly working on providing innovative solutions to smoothen the data transmission and improve the user experience when switching networks on their portable devices. In this case, the data article analyzed a potential protocol for a more seamless user experience, contributing to the realization of Goal 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure. By providing information essential to improve the quality of wireless network services, further exploration of these data could facilitate the development of transformative digital infrastructure, such as 5G systems.
[article_url] => https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352340919310911?via%3Dihub
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/videosharing.jpg
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2019.104736
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[publication_title] => Data of vertical and horizontal handover on video transmission in Proxy Mobile IPv6
[journal_title] => Data in Brief
[publisher] => Elsevier
[year] => December 2019
[subject] => Computing and Informatics
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[post_title] => Wired and Wireless Convergence Significantly Reduces Cost of 5G Roll-out
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[research_footprints] => error vector magnitude; orthogonal frequency division multiplexing; band stop filter; capital expenditure; multiple-input multiple-output; digital signal processing; local oscillator; polarization division multiplexing; digital-to-analog conversion; passive optical network; fast Fourier transform; optical line terminal; optical network units; radio over fiber; optical amplifier; millimeter wave; cyclic prefix; bit error rate; remote radio heads; intermediate frequency; optical distribution network; access network; subcarrier multiplexing
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[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study combined wireless and fiber technologies to develop a simple new low-cost network architecture to support 5G network applications. The integration of radio over fiber (RoF) and passive optical network (PON) provided an affordable 5G network application, while the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technique, when associated with RoF-PON integration, improved the resource-utilization of PON system. The single-sideband frequency translation (SSB-FT) convergence technique resulted in a high spectrally efficient approach, significantly reducing the complexity of the architecture. The reuse of a remote optical local oscillator (LO) to downconvert the millimeter-wave (MMW) at the receiver further reduced the network design cost, potentially saving substantial capital expenditure. Thus, it is evident that this novel network design adopted integration to overcome the limitations of existing network technology to prepare for future 5G network requirements.
[the_background] => Terms such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and 5G mobile networks are products of the rapid transformation of the communication system. Part of the expectations towards future 5G technology is improved capacity, low latency, user-friendly, and sync across multiple devices seamlessly. Designing a network that fulfills all demands using the conventional approach is costly and complicated. Therefore, this study adopted an innovative approach by integrating wireless and wired signal transmission over the RoF-PON network to develop a simplistic, cost-effective, and highly reliable solution.
[the_sdg_impact] => 5G technology and smart networks are recognized as powerful tools for achieving the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. Undeniably, this transformative development will shape the future of mobile networks and information and communication technology. To date, one of the major obstacles faced in the implementation of 5G mobile network is the need for high investment to construct the network. The low-cost and high-capacity next-generation mobile network proposed by this study provides means to support the upcoming development. Thus, contributing to the realization of UNSDG 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure by promoting an upgrade to infrastructure and technological capabilities through innovation.
[article_url] => https://www.osapublishing.org/jocn/abstract.cfm?uri=jocn-13-3-41
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[publication_title] => Low-cost MIMO-RoF-PON architecture for next-generation integrated wired and wireless access networks
[journal_title] => Journal of Optical Communications and Networking
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[year] => January 2021
[subject] => Engineering
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[post_date] => 2021-03-17 13:58:37
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[post_title] => Influence of Financial Development on ESG Performance
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[researchers_name] => NG, Tuan Hock
[researchers_position] => Faculty of Business, Multimedia University, Malaysia
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[research_footprints] => foreign direct investment; non-governmental organisations; gross domestic products; panel data; research and development; ordinary least squares; environment; key performance indicators; knowledge gap; asia development bank; climate change; international monetary fund; financial sector; variance inflation factor; financial development Index; environmental degradation; belt and road Initiative
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/MMU_3_GA_Sustainability-in-Asia-The-Roles-of-Financial-Development-in-Environmental-Social-and-Governance-ESG-Performance.jpg
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study spearheads the investigation on the impacts of financial development on environment, social, and governance (ESG) performance in Asia. A comprehensive assessment was conducted on 42 Asian countries to determine the relationship between different financial system segments and national ESG performances. The finding of the study indicates that the development of financial institutions and financial markets is vital for nations to pursue ESG goals in Asia. From the policymaking point of view, the study suggests the outlining of a standard ESG governance framework in the marketplace as a requirement for countries to support ESG goals. Therefore, governments need to maintain adequate monitoring and governance systems to ensure the functioning and development of the financial system.
[the_background] => Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) serve as a set of standards used by companies and countries to screen for potential investment opportunities. The ESG frameworks have also been seen by companies and countries as means to achieving sustainable development. Based on past studies, the development of the finance system has the potential to mitigate environmental degradation by funding green initiatives, promote social welfare via strong economic growth, and stimulate firm corporate governance to protect investors’ interest. With that said, there is still lack of evidence which suggests the link between financial development and ESG performance in the Asian context. Apart from filling the knowledge gap mentioned, this study also aims to use a more reliable indicator of financial development compared to the conventional indexes such as stock market capitalization, bank credits, etc. The proposed financial development index would cover both the financial institutions and the financial markets.
[the_sdg_impact] => A large part of Asia is made up of developing and underdeveloped countries. The findings of this study will be useful to strengthen resource mobilization to improve the ESG performance. ESG based investment decisions are directed toward long-term value creation to explore market potential, fulfil societal demands, and implement policy action for a sustainable and inclusive economic growth and well-being. In that sense, financial development plays a prominent role in allocating capitals for sustainable investments, encouraging managerial monitoring to bridge information asymmetries, and facilitating ESG-related risks and opportunities identification and management. All in all, this study aligns well with the financial targets of UNSDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals, especially in terms of resource mobilization.
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11205-020-02288-w
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[publication_title] => Sustainability in Asia: The Roles of Financial Development in Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Performance
[journal_title] => Social Indicators Research
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => February 2020
[subject] => Business
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[post_date] => 2021-03-17 13:20:29
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[post_title] => Self-optimization Handover Management for 5G Communication
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[researchers_name] => ROSLEE, Mardeni
[researchers_position] => Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Malaysia
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[research_footprints] => base station; small cell; heterogeneous network; user equipment; handover; quality of service; key performance indicators; additive white gaussian noise; mobility management; network performance; self-organizing network; optimization algorithm; medium access control; mobile communication; self-optimization
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/access-gagraphic-2961186.jpg
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => The fifth-generation wireless network, 5G, promises to refine cellular network technologies by improving the speed of data transfer, reduce network congestions, and ensure seamless transfer of calls from one cell to another. In an attempt to enhance network handover (HO) performance, this study proposed a novel distributed auto-tuning optimization (ATO) algorithm that automatically tunes handover control parameters (HCPs) on the basis of user speed and received signal. The simulation of the proposed algorithm showcased an improvement in the overall system performance by over 80% when compared with other existing algorithms. The improvement includes reduced number of frequent HOs and HO failure (HOF) ratio, lower call drop rate, and reduced HO delay and interruption time during user mobility. Thus, assuring a more efficient and effective mobility management in 4.5G and 5G heterogenous networks (Hetnets).
[the_background] => Hetnet is a network connecting mobile devices with different operating systems. Rapid digitalization and increased reliance on the internet have resulted in the proliferation of broadband services, crowding the network traffic with too many channels to navigate through. The need to frequently switch between network cells has led to signal distortions, causing major inconvenience for the users. In order to address such mobility-related network disruption, this study proposed an intelligent network handover algorithm for LTE-A and 5G Hetnets. The study aims to use the proposed algorithm to replace the traditional, manual channel switching mechanism to ensure better overall network performance of future wireless communication technology.
[the_sdg_impact] => The UN predicts that 68% of the world’s population will live in urban areas by 2050. Smart cities are entering a new phase of Smart City 2.0 by integrating AI as well as Internet of Things (IoT) technologies into services. This transformation requires efficient transition of data with lower delay when communication networks are of concern. The outcome of this study is capable of improving existing information and communication technology to be more efficient and affordable. This would contribute to the realization of UNSDG 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, where a significant increase in internet accessibility and connectivity could be achieved.
[article_url] => https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8937526
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2961186
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[publication_title] => Auto Tuning Self-Optimization Algorithm for Mobility Management in LTE-A and 5G HetNets
[journal_title] => IEEE Access
[publisher] => IEEE Explore
[year] => December 2019
[subject] => Engineering
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[post_date] => 2021-03-17 12:34:53
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-03-17 04:34:53
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[post_title] => Digital Learning Strategies: Transforming Tertiary Students into Lifelong Learners
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[researchers_name] => ANTHONYSAMY, Lilian
[researchers_position] => Faculty of Management, Multimedia University, Malaysia
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[research_footprints] => education for Sustainable Development; lifelong learner; learning environment; digital native; higher education; digital learning; resource management; lifelong learning; human capital; SmartPLS; blended learning; digital literacy
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/image_2021_04_02T04_50_41_598Z.png
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => Digital learning has become the norm, and students require a specific set of skills to cope with it. This study proves that having structured self-management learning strategies enhanced digital literacy competencies among higher education students when performing digital learning tasks. When turned into a habit, these students are closer to becoming better lifelong learners. Based on a comprehensive analysis, three domains of self-management learning strategies were identified to influence digital learning efficiency, that is, metacognitive knowledge, resource management, and motivational belief. Contrary to some of the past literature, this study showed no positive relationship between cognitive engagement and digital literacy. Such in-depth understanding of learning strategies and their impact on digital skill mastery can improve the digital learning experience of students and prepare them to face future uncertainties.
[the_background] => Are you optimistic or skeptical about digital learning? As the pandemic abruptly forced schools, colleges, and universities to close down, it accelerated the digital transformation of education, particularly higher education. This new paradigm makes it crucial for graduates to equip themselves with digital learning best practices to help repurpose their career in case of need and solve work-related problems remotely and effectively. Taking such needs into account, this study aims to examine self-management learning strategies pivotal to improving digital learning attitudes and practices of university students. With a self-driven attitude, especially when learning in a digital setting, students are more likely to adopt sustainable lifelong learning.
[the_sdg_impact] => The social repercussion of the COVID-19 pandemic, digital disruption, is visible in education and the global workforce. This study believes that higher education transformation is essential to address the challenges and uncertainties of the new paradigm. One way to strive is to equip graduates with the ability to deal with new technological opportunities. Likewise, the United Nations’ 4th Sustainable Development Goal, quality education, also emphasizes the need to provide the younger generation with relevant skills to secure employment and encourage entrepreneurship. Thus, the findings of this study would be useful for students and educators to structure learning habits and tasks in line with promoting skills of the future, digital literacy.
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10639-020-10201-8
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[publication_title] => Self-regulated learning strategies in higher education: Fostering digital literacy for sustainable lifelong learning
[journal_title] => Education and Information Technologies
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => May 2020
[subject] => Management; Education
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[post_date] => 2021-03-13 14:40:13
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[post_title] => An In-Depth Study on the Dental Plate of Rhinochimeridae
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[post_name] => an-in-depth-study-on-the-dental-plate-of-rhinochimeridae
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[researchers_name] => JOHANSON, Zerina
[researchers_position] => Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum London, United Kingdom
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[research_footprints] => scanning electron microscopy; holocephali; transmitted light; holocephalan; dental plate; mineralogy; whitlockite
[graphic_abstract] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => To better understand the dental plates of Harriotta raleighana (Rhinochimeridae, a type of long-nosed fish), this study discovered that the dental plates are made entirely of dentine tissue (mostly trabecular dentine). It was found that the arrangement of the hypermineralized dentine within the dental plate enabled the dentition of Harriotta to function without teeth. Throughout the study, dried specimens of Harriotta were examined and characterized using optical microscope and X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT). The non-replacing dentition is renewed by constant trabecular dentine growth, framing the initial ovoids and tritors within a shell of outer dentine. All hard tissues are continuously replaced deep to the functional oral surface, with unmineralized spaces pre-forming in the trabecular dentine prior to ovoid and tritor dentine deposition in them. In terms of mineralization, calcium density profiles and concentrations of magnesium, phosphorus, and calcium ions reveal extreme differences in the level and type of mineralization. Early mineralization in ovoids and tritors has very high levels of magnesium. This was followed by a sudden increase in mineralization to high total mineral content. On the other hand, there was a gradual change of mineral in trabecular dentine in which its level remained low
[the_background] => Holocephalans (a taxon of cartilaginous fish in the class Chondrichthyes) have ovoids and tritors as their primary dentition. An ovoid is a rounded protrusion of the dental plate. A tritor is a slightly raised and rounded elevation of the dental plate. Before this study was conducted, there was limited work published to discuss in detail: 1) how holocephalans develop and maintain functional dentitions without the teeth that characterize other chondrichthyans such as sharks, skates, and rays; 2) how is this constantly growing dentition structured (statodont, all elements retained within the dentition rather than shed and lost) and how are the tissues continuously replaced; 3) how different types of dentine in these plates, including hypermineralized dentine, are arranged, and how this is renewed aborally; and 4) how the anatomy of the functional surface is dependent on the developmental growth and arrangement of dentine. Thus, this study was conducted to fill up the literature gap. The technique adopted in this study can be applied to other fishes to further expand the literature, which might provide new perspectives and research directions relevant to the organisms.
[the_sdg_impact] => The UN highlights that over three billion people depend on marine and coastal biodiversity for their livelihoods. This implies that the marine life forms playa crucial role in keeping the ecosystems balanced for the sustainability of the earth and humans. Hence, the knowledge imparted from this research is vital to help humans know more about marine life forms. Since the UN aims to increase scientific knowledge, develop research capacity, and transfer marine technology, this study is a step forward in achieving SDG 14: Life Below Water.
[article_url] => https://zoologicalletters.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40851-019-0125-3
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Rhinochimeridae-2.jpg
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[publication_title] => Growth and mineralogy in dental plates of the holocephalan Harriotta raleighana (Chondrichthyes): novel dentine and conserved patterning combine to create a unique chondrichthyan dentition
[journal_title] => Zoological Letters
[publisher] => BMC
[year] => March 2019
[subject] => Zoology; Earth Science
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[post_title] => Visualizing the Scent-related Organs of a Blowfly
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[researchers_name] => MAEDA, Toru (前田徹)
[researchers_position] => Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Japan
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[research_footprints] => Antenna; olfactory receptor; phormia regina; olfactory receptor neurons; food preference; proboscis extension reflex; olfactory bulb; subesophageal ganglion; arabidopsis thaliana; blowfly; standard deviation
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[the_novelty] => Intrigued by the feeding behavior of insects, this study concludes that a blowfly has distinct compartments in the olfactory system that react to different scents. Such observation was only possible due to the novel glomerular map of Phormia regina (blowfly) constructed in this study through a histochemical method using an anti-pERK antibody. As a result, the glomeruli activated in response to odors and the appetite-triggers were identified. The study on the brain activity of blowfly showed that glomeruli DA13 responds to D-limonene (nonappetitive odor) via antennae while glomeruli MxB1 responds to 1-octen-3-ol (appetitive odor) via maxillary palp. Since the experimental design of this study has been useful in determining the odor information transmission mechanism of blowflies, it could also be used to further explore the factors and appetite patterns of other insects.
[the_background] => Phormia regina, commonly known as blowflies, feed on nectar and serve as excellent pollinators. Scientists have always been in awe of the ability of this species as well as other insects in selecting nutritious substances to consume while successfully avoiding toxic substances. Extensive research has been carried out on insect feeding patterns based on the gustatory system, a taste-driven sensory system. However, very little information connects the sense of smell to the appetite of blowflies. As an extension of the previous study, the author of this study aims to understand and connect the olfactory system to the feeding motivation of P. regina species. Through this study, the author also seeks to link the stimuli generated through the sense of smell with the gustatory response and identify the parts in the brain responsible for such response.
[the_sdg_impact] => Insects can serve as either pests or pollinators, but the large majority treats them as pests, especially when it comes to agriculture and farming. A catastrophe like a locust attack is a nightmare for many farmers, and so is selling insect-infested or aesthetically unpleasing produce, which has led to immense usage of pesticides and insecticides. The Food and Agriculture Organization has deliberately come up with a list to guide the users on the types of substances to protect the interest of the producers and the consumers. As mentioned in the United Nations 2nd Sustainable Development Goal, agricultural productivity must be protected and enhanced if zero hunger is to be achieved. Thus, understanding the insects’ feeding behavior and its mechanism would allow agriculture to flourish through effective insect repellent measures.
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[publication_title] => Visualization of antennal lobe glomeruli activated by nonappetitive D-limonene and appetitive 1-octen-3-ol odors via two types of olfactory organs in the blowfly Phormia regina
[journal_title] => Zoological Letters
[publisher] => BMC
[year] => November 2020
[subject] => Zoology; Biology
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[post_title] => Typical Applications of X-ray Imaging for Different Fields of Study
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[research_footprints] => X-ray imaging; rare earth elements; spatial resolution; pair distribution function; numerical aperture; X-ray diffraction; tomography; 3DXRD; ordered subset expectation maximization; tomogram; complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
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[the_novelty] => This study reports the latest developments of X-ray imaging methodology and new applications of the X-ray imaging and biomedical application beamline (BL13W1) in the past 5 years in the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF). By equipping it with several sets of X-ray imaging detectors of different pixel sizes (0.19 – 24 m), the beamline (photon energy range of 8–72.5 keV) can realize X-ray micro-computed tomography (X-ray micro-CT) and X-ray in-line phase-contrast imaging. Based on these two basic methods, several x-ray imaging methods and image processing techniques were developed. Firstly, in vivo dynamic micro-CT experiments with living insects were successfully conducted in 0.5 s (sampling rate of 2 Hz, 2 tomograms/s) with a monochromatic beam and 40 ms (sampling rate of 25 Hz, 25 tomograms/s) with a white beam. Next, move contrast X-ray imaging (MCXI) was developed whereby the blood flow and moving tissues in raw images became distinguishable. Furthermore, the attempt to use X-ray speckle-tracking imaging with twice exposures to eliminate the edge enhancement effect was successfully developed. A high-precision quantification method via X-ray micro-CT to measure complex three-dimensional (3D) blood vessels was also developed. Besides, there was the development of an X-ray nano-CT with 100 nm spatial resolution too. By combining the X-ray micro-CT imaging method with other contrast mechanisms, three-dimensional X-ray diffraction (3DXRD) microscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering CT (SAXS-CT), and X-ray fluorescence CT (XFCT) were developed. These x-ray imaging methods and image processing techniques have been proven to bring the studies of material science, biomedicine, paleontology, physics, chemistry, and environmental science to a whole new level. With continuous research and development, it is clear that more experimental methods and techniques will be developed and provided to users to achieve more high-level applications.
[the_background] => With rapid technological advancement, there is a demand for research and development sectors to keep expanding and evolving. As a result, researchers are constantly setting up facilities, developing new research methodologies, and exploring new applications of existing equipment. X-ray was discovered more than a century ago. With an in-depth understanding of its properties, new applications could be derived by including additional features or integrating different tools. This study has reported that, within five years, multiples X-ray imaging methodologies and applications have been newly developed at the SSRF. Up to this point, the development has managed to benefit research in various fields, including material science, biomedicine, paleontology, physics, chemistry, and environmental science. Thus, more advanced studies can be conducted to enhance the technology with further improvement and innovation in developing X-ray imaging methods and techniques.
[the_sdg_impact] => Innovation and technological progress are key to finding lasting solutions to both economic and environmental challenges. Hence, scientific research and development play a crucial role in advancing technology and developing new methods to benefit our everyday routines. The X-ray imaging methodologies and techniques reported by this study have proven their respective potential in various fields of study. Since one of the United Nations’ main interests is to enhance scientific research, this study sets the path to realizing the objectives of UNSDG 9: Industries, Innovation & Infrastructure.
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[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => October 2020
[subject] => engineering; nuclear physics; nuclear technology; applied physics
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[post_title] => Compact Spectrometer for Heavy Ion Experiment
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[research_footprints] => silicon strip detector; telescope; HBT correlation function; nuclear equation of state
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[video] =>
[the_novelty] => As an attempt to facilitate the expansion of the field of nuclear and particle physics, this study constructed a Compact Spectrometer for Heavy Ion Experiment (CSHINE). The CSHINE consists of silicon strip detector (SSD) telescopes and large-area parallel plate avalanche counters (PPAC), which measure the light charged particles and fission fragments, respectively. When CSHINE was mounted and operated in the 30 MeV/u 40Ar + 197Au reaction, hydrogen and helium isotopes can be identified by analyzing the data obtained from the SSD telescopes. Moreover, the Hanbury Brown−Twiss (HBT) correlation functions of light-charged particles could be constructed from the data retrieved. These results eventually contributed to the measurement of isospin chronology. By utilizing CSHINE, more quantitative studies on the reaction dynamics and thermodynamics of nuclear matter produced in heavy ion collisions can be carried in the future.
[the_background] => An isospin is a quantum number to differentiate to neutron and proton. In nuclear physics, isospin dynamics are very important for understanding the effect of nuclear symmetry energy in heavy ion collisions. Hence, it is necessary to investigate the emission time of light-charged particles with different N/Z values (neutron-proton ratio) from the reactions. While the measurement reveals the isospin chronology, it also requires high-resolution determination of both the position and energy to reconstruct the HBT correlation function, which must be done before the isospin-dependent emission time constant can be derived. In order to achieve that, position-sensitive detectors with high granularity, high energy resolution and particle identification, for example, SSDs, are needed. Using the SSD telescopes in CSHINE, the correlation functions of different particle pairs can be measured to extract the emission time constant and emission hierarchy of the species. Based on the output so far, CSHINE showed high potential in facilitating experimental studies of the collision dynamics and nuclear equation of state in heavy ion reactions at Fermi energies.
[the_sdg_impact] => It is agreeable that both economic and environmental challenges can be overcome with progressive innovation and technologies. To ensure such progression is possible, equipment and tools must be developed and upgraded regularly to support scientific research efficiently. The design, construction, and applications of the CSHINE reported by this study have shown its importance in studying nuclear and particle physics. Thus, this study contributes to the materialization of UNSDG 9: Industries, Innovation & Infrastructure, in which one of the goal’s main targets is to enhance scientific research.
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[publication_title] => CSHINE for studies of HBT correlation in heavy ion reactions
[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => January 2021
[subject] => engineering; nuclear physics; nuclear technology; Applied Physics
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[post_title] => Revolutionizing the Field of Nuclear Energy with Newly Developed White Neutron Source
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[research_footprints] => spallation neutron source; energy spectrum; proton beam; data acquisition system; China Institute of Atomic Energy; China Spallation Neutron Source
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[the_novelty] => As part of an effort to come up with world-class neutron sources, this research has successfully built a white neutron beam facility known as the Back-n at China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). A consortium of five institutions was formed to support the design and construction of the beamline and experimental setups. The Back-n neutron beam has a high intensity of approximately 2 × 107 n/cm2/s at 55 m away from its target with a wide energy spectrum spanning from 0.5 eV to 200 MeV. Along with good time resolution related to the time-of-flight measurements, the Back-n neutron beam serves as a useful tool in nuclear data measurements, irradiation tests, detectors calibration, as well as neutron imaging and element analysis.
[the_background] => In China, nuclear energy is a crucial component in the development of future energy resources. Therefore, studies on advanced nuclear energy technologies have been receiving attention and firm support. There are high demands for an enhanced nuclear database in which nuclear data measurements with neutrons are fundamental. This project, which focuses on designing and constructing a state-of-the-art white neutron beam facility at CSNS, mainly intends to contribute to the advancement of nuclear energy technologies. Since commissioning, this facility has been proven to deliver a high-reliability performance and is able to conduct high-precision experiments. By mastering advanced experimental methods and exploring new techniques, the Chinese domestic chances of growing nuclear energy technologies within a shorter time frame increase immensely.
[the_sdg_impact] => According to the United Nations, energy is the dominant contributor to climate change, accounting for around 60 percent of total global greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, to overcome this, there is a need to develop an energy source that yields higher power efficiency with minimal waste. The groundbreaking output of this research will be facilitating a significant number of studies related to nuclear energy. In line with the UN’s vision, which is to double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency by 2030, the outcome of this study has the potential to bring China a step closer to realizing the 7th Sustainable Development Goal – affordable and clean energy.
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[post_date] => 2021-02-23 19:27:42
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[post_title] => New Species of Tardigrade Identified and Redescribed
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[researchers_name] => CESARI, Michele
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[research_footprints] => phase contrast; karyotype; bayesian inference; cox1; 18S rRNA; light microscopy; differential interference contrast; reproductive biology; tardigrada; amphimixis; scanning electron microscopy; genetic distance; cryptic species; confocal laser scanning microscopy; parthenogenesis; principal component analysis
[graphic_abstract] =>
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[the_novelty] => In order to clarify the relationships of various populations of Paramacrobiotus richtersi (a species of tardigrade), this study has identified four new tardigrade species (i.e., Paramacrobiotus arduus sp. n., Paramacrobiotus celsus sp. n., Paramacrobiotus depressus sp. n., and Paramacrobiotus spatialis sp. n.) and two Unconfirmed Candidate Species (UCS) within the P. richtersi complex. On top of that, it has also redescribed two species (i.e., Paramacrobiotus richtersi and Paramacrobiotus fairbanksi). P. fairbanksi (asexual) displayed a wider distribution (found in Italy, Spain, Poland and Alaska) compared to P. richtersi (sexual) due to their different method of reproduction, which affects the dispersal potential. Samples in the type locality in Ireland and in several Italian localities containing animals morphologically similar to P. richtersi were collected. These specimens were investigated with an integrative approach, i.e., studying morphology, karyology, reproductive biology, and DNA sequences. A similar technique can be applied to clarify the diversity of other species to establish a more in-depth understanding of various microorganisms.
[the_background] => Paramacrobiotus richtersi was reported to consist of populations with different chromosome numbers and reproductive modes. Hence, an updated and precise description of P. richtersi is needed to understand the taxonomy of the richtersi group and to better define the genus Paramacrobiotus. Therefore, this study took the initiative to investigate and clarify the relationships among different populations by adopting an integrative approach that involved studies of the samples from multiple aspects. This combined approach has been proven to be useful for detecting an unexpectedly high species diversity characterized by a complex of very similar species like P. richtersi. By applying this approach, scientists stand a higher chance of identifying different species under a complex of other microorganisms.
[the_sdg_impact] => UN emphasizes that innovation and technological progress are key to finding lasting solutions to both economic and environmental challenges. This implies that scientific research and development are crucial to catching up with innovation and technology. The research methodology adopted by this study has shown great potential in taxonomy study. Since one of the UN’s main interests is to enhance scientific research, this study sets the path to realizing the objectives of UNSDG 9: Industries, Innovation & Infrastructure.
[article_url] => https://zoologicalletters.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40851-018-0113-z
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[publication_title] => High diversity in species, reproductive modes and distribution within the Paramacrobiotus richtersi complex (Eutardigrada, Macrobiotidae)
[journal_title] => Zoological Letters
[publisher] => BMC
[year] => January 2019
[subject] => Life Sciences; Zoology
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[post_title] => Understanding the Biological Clock of Crickets
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1186/s40851-020-00166-4
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[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/cricket2.jpg
[podcast] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Kenji-Tomioka_4810557_1614053187.mp3
[the_sdg_impact] => An in-depth understanding of the circadian clock of any animal or insect species would provide great insights into how these organisms function in terms of feeding or mating behavior, active or inactive phases, etc. By identifying biological markers or genes involved in controlling such functions, a fair comparison among different species could be made. With that, studies like this would aid in the planning and development process to not interfere with the daily activity of the insects crucial to an ecological and economic activity like pollination. Conversely, such knowledge could also be used to control or eradicate invasive alien species on land and water ecosystems. Therefore, this study could undoubtedly contribute to realizing the United Nations’ 15th Sustainable Development Goal (SDG): Life on land.
[article_url] => https://zoologicalletters.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40851-020-00166-4
[the_background] => In general, the daily behavioral or physiological rhythms of insects are very much dependent on the circadian clock. Several clock genes, such as period (per), timeless (tim), Clock (Clk), and cycle (cyc), have been identified to play essential parts in regulating the circadian rhythms of insects. Extensive studies on the fruit fly (Drosophila) have proven the role of cwo in regulating the expression of the other clock genes. However, little is known of its influence on other insects. Therefore, this study aims to determine the role of cwo in the circadian clock of crickets and enrich the literature on the physiology of insects.
[research_footprints] => double-stranded RNA; danio rerio; optic lobe; e box; Cricket; gryllus bimaculatus; rna interference; circadian clock; clock gene; clockwork orange
[graphic_abstract] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study on the biological clock of the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus is the first to prove the influence of clockwork orange (cwo) gene in insect circadian rhythms other than that of fruit flies. A comprehensive analysis of the RNA-sequencing data revealed that the cwo of crickets is a clock gene of the bHLH-ORANGE family rhythmically expressed in the part of the brain that is related to the vision (optic lobes). Such finding agrees with the previously established literature on the biological clock of insects being light-sensitive and controlled by the expression of period (per) and timeless (tim) genes. It was also evident that the cwo rhythmic expression peaks specifically in the middle of the night under a light/dark (LD) cycle. Among the methods used to observe the influence of cwo on the circadian rhythm of crickets was the gene-knockdown approach via RNA interference (RNAi). As a whole, the findings of this study are crucial to understanding the active and inactive phases of insects and the biological markers influencing such behaviors.
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[researchers_name] => TOMIOKA, Kenji (富岡憲治)
[researchers_position] => Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Japan
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[publication_title] => The role of clockwork orange in the circadian clock of the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus
[journal_title] => Zoological Letters
[publisher] => BMC
[year] => November 2020
[subject] => Zoology; Biology
)
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[post_date] => 2021-02-18 12:16:41
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-02-18 04:16:41
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[post_title] => What Makes Flatworms Hungry?
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[the_sdg_impact] => Studies on the environmental factors influencing animal behavior are crucial to maintain and improve ecological sustainability. The knowledge generated from this particular study could potentially influence the regulations on nutrient pollution or wastewater discharge into water sources to maintain the integrity of the aquatic ecosystem. Hence, contributing to the realization of UN SDG 14: Life below water by providing scientific evidence highlighting the adverse environmental impacts. On the contrary, the evidence on planarian feeding and reproduction behavior would serve as a guideline to optimize research methodologies when studying its regenerative ability, by extension, contributing to UN SDG 9: Industry, innovation and infrastructure, mainly on scientific research development.
[article_url] => https://zoologicalletters.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40851-019-0147-x
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/flatworms.jpg
[podcast] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Takeshi-Inoue_4699241_1613621397.mp3
[the_background] => The free-living flatworm (planarian Dugesia japonica) are commonly found in clear freshwaters, such as rivers and lakes. Its unique physiology makes it quite susceptible to toxins and pollutants in the aquatic environment; thus, making it a prime choice for the study of aquatic ecology and toxicology. Besides, the regenerative ability of these planarians makes them favorable laboratory specimens. Hence, past literature has extensively explored the ionic compositions of culture mediums suitable for planarian growth. However, how the ion concentration of the aquatic environment inhabited by the planarian affects its neural regulation remained unclear. Therefore, this study intends to explore the concentration-dependency of planarians in the natural aquatic environment. As a result, the findings would be beneficial to the feeding and breeding behavior of this species and its impact on the environment.
[research_footprints] => population size; aquatic environment; Dugesia japonica; water source; feeding behavior; natural source; body surface; reproduction rate; planarian; environmental changes; quantitative behavioristics; environment-responsive behavior; responsive sensitivity
[graphic_abstract] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study on free-living flatworm (Dugesia japonica) provided evidence that the concentration of ions in the environmental water affects its feeding behavior. It is identified that, to a certain extent, this phenomenon also influences its breeding pattern and population size. When compared between laboratory breeding waters and other natural sources, the findings show that calcium ion concentration significantly affects the free-living flatworms’ sensitivity of responsiveness to food. In this study, it is found that calcium ions in the environmental water activate the chemosensory neurons distributed in the body surface of the organism, not the brain neurons. These observations could be closely tied to the historical origin of the species where it once inhabited a calcium-ion rich environment. Noticeably, an improved food intake stimulated by the increase in calcium ion concentration also increases the reproduction rate of these flatworms. Due to its predatory nature, such increases could lead to devastating ecological impacts if the ionic composition of water sources is not kept in check.
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[researchers_name] => INOUE, Takeshi (井上武)
[researchers_position] => Division of Adaptation Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Japan
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Takeshi-Inoue.png
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[publication_title] => Calcium ions in the aquatic environment drive planarians to food
[journal_title] => Zoological Letters
[publisher] => BMC
[year] => November 2019
[subject] => zoology; physiology
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[post_date] => 2021-02-18 11:51:16
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-02-18 03:51:16
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => A Closer Look at the Treehopper Helmet Structure
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[researchers_name] => GOTOH, Hiroki (後藤寛貴)
[researchers_position] => Ecological Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Japan
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[research_footprints] => morphogenesis; 3D structure; treehopper; membracidae; pronotum; micro-CT, scanning electron microscopy
[graphic_abstract] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study lays out the details of the complex 3D structural development of the treehopper helmets through a series of experimental observations. The observations were conducted using micro-CT, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and paraffin sections on the treehopper species called Antianthe expansa, which possesses a roof-shaped helmet. The key developmental stage for the treehopper helmet formation is identified as the formation of the miniature taking place during the final instar nymph. Typically, the formation of the 3D helmet involves two prominent structural transitions. Firstly, the monolayer epithelial sheets fold into a miniature helmet, signifying the bi-layer structure formation. This transition is also said to be identical to the development of insect wings. Next, the miniature helmet expands to form the macro- and micro-furrows, which indicates the growth in helmet size. Ultimately, these features serve as a defense mechanism and camouflage tool for the treehoppers.
[the_background] => The 3D helmets of treehoppers come in different shapes and styles, and it is usually visible as the final instar nymphs shed their exoskeleton to become adults. The transformation from simple to complex helmet structure within a short period intrigued many researchers. As a result, past literature has provided evidence of the two-stage structural transition occurring during this period. However, there are still uncertainties to the actual development of the structure. Therefore, this study aims to map out the development trajectory of the 3D helmet structure of the treehoppers.
[the_sdg_impact] => Studies on the structural development of insects, especially the evolution of the wings and horns, have led to a number of useful technological or architectural innovations. Similarly, the transition of the 3D helmet structure of treehopper through the folding-and-extension model observed in this study could inspire future innovations. Cross-application of such knowledge in terms of upgrading existing infrastructure and technological capabilities would certainly benefit society. Thus, contributing to the realization of UN SDG 9: Industry, innovation, and infrastructure through the integration of nature, science, and community.
[article_url] => https://zoologicalletters.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40851-020-00155-7
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[publication_title] => Structure and development of the complex helmet of treehoppers (Insecta: Hemiptera: Membracidae)
[journal_title] => Zoological Letters
[publisher] => BMC
[year] => February 2020
[subject] => Zoology; Ecology
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[post_date] => 2021-02-08 15:50:46
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-02-08 07:50:46
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Reasons Behind Mixed Broods of Right- and Left-handed Snail Siblings
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[researchers_name] => ASAMI, Takahiro (浅見崇比呂)
[researchers_position] => Department of Biology, Shinshu University, Japan
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Takahiro-Asami.png
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[research_footprints] => left right; aplysia californica; bradybaena similaris; wild type; gastropod; biomphalaria glabrata; Spiral cleavage; pulmonate gastropod; pond snail; bradybaena; pulmonate; gene duplication
[graphic_abstract] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => Clockwise-coiled (dextral) and counterclockwise-coiled (sinistral) snails are reversed in bilateral asymmetry as well as in coiling direction. The classical model of maternal inheritance, resulting from a maternal effect of the dextral or sinistral allele with complete dominance at a nuclear locus, predicts that a mother produces either dextral or sinistral offspring but not both. This led to a belief that the reversed phenotype represents mutation of the wild-type allele to the other for the opposite handedness. However, a mutant of a dextral land snail Bradybaena similaris generates both dextral and sinistral progeny instead of sinistrals only. This study discovered that this racemism results from a defect in maternal expression of one of the diaph gene duplicates encoding diaphanous related formins, with no causative mutation in the gene itself. This provides a crucial basis for identification of a gene that allows for handedness determination by controling diaph expression.
[the_background] => Most multicellular animals (Bilateria) possesses left-right polarity in body architechture. They are externally symmetric but internally asymmetric, for example in visceral structure. No reversal in this handedness is found between species, except in snails. Fertilized eggs of dextral and sinistral snails develop in reverse depending on a maternal substance present in egg cytoplasm. It has accordingly been believed that sibling eggs produced by the same mother could develop to be either dextral or sinistral. This study was conducted to identify a mechanism that is responsible for an extraordinary feature of producing both dextral and sinistral progeny against the classical model of genetics and development of snail handedness.
[the_sdg_impact] => This study resolves fundamental questions on the genetic diversity and mechanism of body archtecture evolution. The outcome thus provides a comprehensive knowledge basis that critically contributes to realization of both SDG 14: Life below Water and SDG 15: Life on Land focusing on the agenda to protect and restore sustainable biodiversity in marine and terrestrial ecosystems.
[article_url] => https://zoologicalletters.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40851-018-0120-0
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[publication_title] => Heterochirality results from reduction of maternal diaph expression in a terrestrial pulmonate snail
[journal_title] => Zoological Letters
[publisher] => BMC
[year] => January 2019
[subject] => Zoology; Biology
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[post_date] => 2021-02-03 10:18:51
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-02-03 02:18:51
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[post_title] => Right Whale Fossil - Remnants of the Taiwan Ice Age
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[researchers_name] => TSAI, Cheng-Hsiu (蔡政修)
[researchers_position] => Department of Life Science & Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Cheng-Hsiu-Tsai-.png
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[research_footprints] => southern hemispheres; biotic interchange; baleen whale; eschrichtius robustus; fossil; tympanic bulla; right whale; antitropical distribution; pleistocene; north pacific; Cetacea; eubalaena; Biogeography; The Pacific Ocean
[graphic_abstract] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => The discovery of an Ice Age (Pleistocene) right whale fossil (NTUM-VP 190807) reported in this study provides the first evidence of biotic interchange between two hemispheres. Such distribution dynamics are hypothesized to be the result of glacial and interglacial periods during the Ice Age. The fossil was initially recovered by the fishermen from the shallow sea bed of the Taiwan Strait during the trawling operations. Based on the morphology, the specimen is said to match that of the Eubalaena spp. Looking at the region the specimen was found, the species most likely existed on the southern margin of the western North Pacific during the glacial period, or it might have existed during the interglaciation as an extra-limital occurrence. Currently, the specimen dredged is broadly dated to the Middle to Late Ice Age; however, further research is required for clarification due to the lack of existing evidence to date the exact age of fossils. Future research should focus on uncovering more fossils of the Ice Age to deepen the evolutionary knowledge of past biodiversity that is the key to deciphering the origin of present biodiversity.
[the_background] => The right whales (Eubalaena spp.) are widely known as antitropical species largely inhabiting the temperate waters in the Northern and Southern hemispheres. Yet, some of its existence has been traced closer to the Equator. The discovery and documentation of the fossil (NTUM-VP 190807) is substantial to fill the literature gap on Eubalaena in terms of morphology, geographical distribution, migration pattern, and precise age dating. Even though lack of proper evidence of geological dating of specimens retrieved from the Taiwan Straits, this discovery sheds new light on the great biotic interchange between two hemispheres. It should also pave the way for revealing more untold and uncertain evolutionary histories and ecological interactions in the Ice Age.
[the_sdg_impact] => By understanding the marine megafaunal evolution such as the right whales’ (reaching 18 m long), insights into the evolution of the ecological system and its service would be enriched. To a large extent, this improved knowledge would be essential to future policymaking and conservatory efforts in regards to the marine ecology, meeting the objectives of the 14th UN Sustainable Development Goal, Life below water. Similarly, this study on the geographical distribution of the marine megafauna could potentially shed some light on the climate change effect of the past. Thus, coinciding with the drafting of efforts to tackle climate change issues of the present to achieve the targets of the 13th UN Sustainable Development Goal, Climate Action.
[article_url] => https://zoologicalletters.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40851-019-0153-z
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[publication_title] => A right whale (Mysticeti, Balaenidae) from the Pleistocene of Taiwan
[journal_title] => Zoological Letters
[publisher] => BMC
[year] => December 2019
[subject] => Zoology
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[post_title] => Breeding Rare Oarfish Larvae in the Lab
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[researchers_name] => OKA, Shin-ichiro (岡慎一郎)
[researchers_position] => Department of Zoological Laboratory, Okinawa Churashima Foundation, Japan
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[research_footprints] => sea serpent; regalecus russelii; regalecus; artificial insemination; artificial fertilization; deep-sea fish; pectoral fin
[graphic_abstract] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study reports the first successful artificial insemination in oarfish (Regalecus russelii) using eggs and sperms from a dead pair of matured fishes. The findings of this study also provide the first reliable development record of ray-finned fish (Lampridiformes) from the fertilization stage to the early larval stages. Based on the observation of the hatched larvae, the morphological features are identified to be similar to the previously documented features of other ray-finned fish larvae. Since the captive conditions vary significantly from the natural habitat and there is a lack of knowledge in terms of the larvae' feeding behavior, none survived past 4 days after the hatching. With that said, the progress achieved by this study in artificial insemination technique is a huge leap in the field of science. Furthermore, the data collected through the fertilization to the hatching of the oarfish larvae certainly provides valuable insights into the development of the rare species.
[the_background] => Oarfish, Regalecus russelii, is a rare species found in the deep seas from tropical to temperate zones. Little is known of the history and morphological features of this species. In fact, most of the currently available information is said to be inaccurate due to insufficient sampling, misidentification, and failure in preserving the specimens. This study intends to provide an accurate understanding of the fertilization mechanism and larvae development of oarfish by artificially inseminating the eggs and sperms of the dead mature male and female oarfish.
[the_sdg_impact] => Apart from being naturally rare, studying the oarfish in its preferred natural habitat is also quite difficult. Thus, very little is known about its population, biological characteristics, feeding and mating patterns, etc. However, the findings of this study have shed some light on understanding the fertilization process and larvae morphology. This knowledge would potentially be useful in addressing marine environment degradation or fishing patterns that could harm the survival of this creature. Therefore, contributing well to the realization of the UN SDG 14: Life below water, which emphasizes the conservation and sustainable usage of the oceans and marine resources. Moreover, the successful attempt of the study in artificial insemination presents a promising future for aquaculture, indirectly contributing to the world hunger solution as envisioned in the targets of UN SDG 2: Zero hunger.
[article_url] => https://zoologicalletters.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40851-020-00156-6
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1186/s40851-020-00156-6
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[publication_title] => First observation of larval oarfish, Regalecus russelii, from fertilized eggs through hatching, following artificial insemination in captivity
[journal_title] => Zoological Letters
[publisher] => BMC
[year] => April 2020
[subject] => Zoology
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[post_date] => 2021-01-31 21:38:11
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-01-31 13:38:11
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[post_title] => Understanding the Wing Patterns of the Great Purple Emperor Butterfly
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[researchers_name] => STAVENGA, Doekele
[researchers_position] => Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Netherlands
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[research_footprints] => red scale; Spectrophotometry; scatterometry; red spot; wing scale; iridescence; structural coloration; thin films; margin
[graphic_abstract] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study provides a thorough structural and pigmentation pattern analysis of the wings of the Japanese male Great Purple Emperor butterfly (Sasakia charonda). A range of optical and anatomical approaches was used, namely light and electron microscopy, imaging scatterometry, and (micro)spectrophotometry, to better understand the patterns of wing scales and their effect on the coloration. The findings showed the influence of 3-OH-kynurenine, ommochrome, and melanin pigments in determining the wing colors when present in different concentrations and locations on the wings. A comparison between the species from Japan with other subspecies found in China and Korea displayed significant variation in the wing coloration, thus indicating the influence of different habitats on the morphology of the butterflies. An in-depth understanding of the mating behavior and survival properties of S. charonda could be established by analyzing its wings' makeup and coloration. The methods used in this study, as well as the knowledge gathered, will serve as a useful reference for the study of other insect species around the world.
[the_background] => Sasakia charonda, also known as the Great Purple Emperor, is a widely admired butterfly species for its beautiful purple-hued wings. The colors of its wings are among the important traits used to distinguish the gender of the species, where the male displays a brilliant bluish-purple hue while the female is duller. Apart from that, insects generally rely on such aesthetics to mate and as a defense mechanism. Hence, this study aims to look at the anatomy and various pigmentation patterns of the Great Purple Emperor found in Japan and its subspecies from China and Korea more closely. The findings contribute to understanding the diversity of the wing structure and color and its influence on the species survival.
[the_sdg_impact] => Butterflies are known for their colorfulness and are most welcomed into gardens compared to other insects. The variation in their wing patterns, their colors, and the structures that manipulate light has opened doors to inventions such as solar cell technologies among others. They can also play a significant role in ecology and economy by being pollinators of flowers and orchard crops. Therefore, a study on the structural makeup of the wings like this contributes to creative innovation and technological advancement as envisioned in the 9th United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal, which focuses on building resilient infrastructures and fostering innovation.
[article_url] => https://zoologicalletters.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40851-020-00164-6
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[publication_title] => Coloration principles of the Great purple emperor butterfly (Sasakia charonda)
[journal_title] => Zoological Letters
[publisher] => BMC
[year] => November 2020
[subject] => Zoology; Entomology
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[post_date] => 2021-01-30 13:25:54
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-01-30 05:25:54
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[post_title] => The First-Ever 3D Imaging of the Internal Structures of Water Bears
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[post_name] => the-first-ever-3d-imaging-of-the-internal-structures-of-water-bears
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[researchers_name] => GROSS, Vladimir
[researchers_position] => Department of Zoology, University of Kassel, Germany
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[research_footprints] => X-ray nanoCT imaging; biological imaging; room temperature; filtered backprojection; Hypsibius exemplaris; spatial relationship; high resolution; Hypsibius dujardini; 3D reconstruction; computed tomography; tomography; tardigrada; water bear; anatomy
[graphic_abstract] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => In an attempt to produce a comprehensive three-dimensional (3D) visualization of the anatomy of tardigrades (water bears), this study managed to have the smallest whole animal imaged to-date using X-ray computed tomography (CT). The experiment was conducted using a nano-computed tomography device to image a 152 μm-long tardigrade at high resolution (200 – 270 nm pixel size). Upon visualizing the anatomy of the tardigrade in 3D, its internal structures were able to be mapped out accurately. The results allowed the direct measurement of volumes of the major structures and quantification of volume distribution of every storage cell without having to rely on geometrical approximations. With such a high-accuracy technique for volume measurement, this study proposed a future investigation to quantify the volume change of the midgut and to quantify how the volume of the ovary changes throughout the reproductive cycle.
[the_background] => Although the overall anatomy of tardigrades has been studied in detail for many decades, the literature lacked a comprehensive 3D visualization of the entire tardigrade anatomy, including volume measurements of individual structures. Thus, a reconstruction of such is essential to truly understand the spatial relationships of the tardigrade body structures. With the aid of a high-resolution X-ray nanoCT imaging instrument, the microscopic scale of tardigrades was no longer a hurdle to the 3D imaging process. As a result, the internal structures of the tardigrade can be examined in detail to measure their volume. The output of this study showed the increasing importance of tomographic imaging in morphological studies, especially in investigating microinvertebrates.
[the_sdg_impact] => Computed Tomography (CT) technology has been extensively used in imaging studies of larger research animals such as dogs and nonhuman primates but hardly on micro-scaled organisms. However, this study proved otherwise through its innovative usage of high-resolution X-ray nanoCT to successfully produce a detailed 3D visualization of the entire tardigrade anatomy. Thus, the techniques and findings of this study could potentially unleash more innovations in the field of animal research (SDG 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure).
[article_url] => https://zoologicalletters.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40851-019-0130-6
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1186/s40851-019-0130-6
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[publication_title] => X-ray imaging of a water bear offers a new look at tardigrade internal anatomy
[journal_title] => Zoological Letters
[publisher] => BMC
[year] => May 2019
[subject] => Zoology
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[ID] => 21279
[post_author] => 154
[post_date] => 2020-12-29 21:22:49
[post_date_gmt] => 2020-12-29 13:22:49
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Ballistic Performance of Basalt Fiber Laminated Composites
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[researchers_name] => NATARAJAN, David
[researchers_position] => Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/1516945327403.jpg
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[research_footprints] => Composite materials; Fibers; Textiles; Body armor; Ammunition; Damage, Glass; Military systems; Rocks; Synthetic fibers; Tensile strength; Testing performance; Weapons
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2-01-scaled.jpg
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This research presents the findings of V50 ballistic performance and the penetration resistance of basalt-fiber laminated composites. Using threat Level II of the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) Standard-0101.04 as penetration velocity reference, an ideal number of layers of basalt fabric to be woven is determined. Based on the tensile test, three different combinations of ply orientations are established to provide the best tensile strength and bullet penetration resistance.
[the_background] => Ballistic fabrics made from high performance fibers such as para-aramid (synthetic) and basalt (natural) fibers, and composites utilizing these fabrics, are among the leading materials for soft body armor systems. Military and law enforcement operations need durable, lightweight, damage and moisture-resistant ballistic fabrics with superior energy absorbing capacity. Basalt fibers, which are extracted from igneous volcanic rocks, are natural fibers with mechanical and thermo-physical properties that are generally comparable or superior to glass and other synthetic fibers but at a lower cost. This gives basalt-based composites a performance edge over existing material systems for potential application as anti-ballistic body armor.
[the_sdg_impact] => The demand of law enforcement protection is particularly high owing to a significant rise in crime rates and incidents of mass shooting in recent years. In line with the UN’s 16th SDG and taking into consideration the concerning rise of homicide rate, researchers are stepping in to protect the law enforcement personnel in the line of fire by working on a more cost-effective bulletproof vests with superior mechanical properties.
[article_url] => https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/IMECE/proceedings-abstract/IMECE2017/58448/V009T12A056/262004
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/volcanic-rocks.jpg
[podcast] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/david_3674334_1609247659.mp3
[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2017-70903
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[publication_title] => V50 Ballistic Performance of Unidirectional Woven Basalt Fiber Laminated Composites
[journal_title] => International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition
[publisher] => ASME
[year] => January 2018
[subject] => Mechanical Engineering
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[post_date] => 2020-12-27 15:44:22
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[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Understanding Luminescence Properties of ZnO Fine Particle
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[researchers_name] => PANATARANI, Camellia
[researchers_position] => Department of Physics, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
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[research_footprints] => ZnO; spray pyrolysis; fine particle; zinc oxide; Luminescence; x-ray diffraction; scanning electron microscopy
[graphic_abstract] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => The wide bandgap within a zinc oxide (ZnO) compound makes it an ideal material to be used in semiconductor devices. This research provides experimental evidence of successful tailoring of oxygen vacancies in ZnO fine particles through a simple process. The spray pyrolysis technique was used to control the number of oxygen vacancies in ZnO. A correlation between the introduction of divalent and trivalent dopants into ZnO and its luminescence properties was established. The trivalent ions carry a higher rate of impurities; therefore, it is found to produce a stronger intensity of luminescence when introduced into ZnO. The results of this research also proved the possibility of altering the luminescence intensity of the compound by adjusting the light source even though under fixed oxygen vacancies.
[the_background] => Zinc oxide (ZnO) is easily found making up various electrical devices such as optoelectronic and spintronic devices, photovoltaic, gas sensors, photodetector, lighting displays, and many more due to its ideal chemical composition. Though commonly studied to improve the performance of semiconductors, no clear correlation has been established between the amount of oxygen vacancy and the luminescence spectra of ZnO. This research filled the gap by analyzing the luminescence properties of doped ZnO in terms of near band edge emission (NBE) and deep level emission (DLE), and the effects based on its oxygen vacancies.
[the_sdg_impact] => ZnO is largely regarded for its fascinating band structure and is being used in 50 to 60 percent of the industries today. Its function expands beyond semiconductors, proving its usefulness as nanoparticles as well as in the production of skin ointment and sunblock creams. The findings of this research contribute further in understanding this compound, encouraging future innovation and upgrades in the technological capabilities of industrial sectors worldwide. Hence, the research proves relevant to achieving UN SDG 9: Innovation and Infrastructure.
[article_url] => https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0921883120301795?via%3Dihub
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2020.04.024
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[publication_title] => The effects of divalent and trivalent dopants on the luminescence properties of ZnO fine particle with oxygen vacancies
[journal_title] => Journal of Advanced Powder Technology
[publisher] => Elsevier
[year] => July 2020
[subject] => Physics
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[post_date] => 2020-12-26 21:29:37
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[post_title] => Effect of Haslea Nusantara’s Blue Pigment on Marine Organisms
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[researchers_name] => PRASETIYA, Fiddy
[researchers_position] => Department of Marine Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
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[research_footprints] => Vibrio harveyi; antibacterial agent; Mytilus edulis; marine organism; Isochrysis galbana; Toxicity; blue water; Antibacterial activity; Growth inhibition
[graphic_abstract] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => For the first time, this study documented that H. nusantara produces a marennine-like pigment that has almost similar traits to that of marennine pigment from H. ostrearia. Other than spectral characteristics, the effect of supernatant that contains the blue pigments (i.e., Blue Water, BW) from both species on several marine organisms and the bioactivity of BW was also investigated. By having these findings, future studies can be conducted to identify the optimal concentration of H. nusantara BW to be applied in the aquaculture field as a preventive or curative antipathogen without causing any adverse effect.
[the_background] => The commercial and industrial potential of microalgae has been gaining more attention in recent years. Studies have been carried out to discover their ability to synthesize secondary metabolites of interest (pigments, lipids, etc.) for biofuel, food, or pharmaceutical industry. Past studies have reported that the marennine pigment from H. ostrearia could bring advantages and also adverse effects in purified form and the form of BW. In other words, further studies are needed to connect the dots since the conclusion was difficult to be drawn based on the contradicting findings of different studies with different parameters. Besides aiming to contribute to the literature by further assessing the marennine from H. ostrearia, this study also examined the marennine-like pigment from H. nusantara as part of the effort to search for a prophylactic agent for tropical aquaculture by using a tropical species.
[the_sdg_impact] => As the current terrestrial resources are exhausting, it is necessary to discover alternatives to keep nature in balance. Microalgae are known to carry a certain level of commercial and industrial potential. Aligned with the UN’s target to improve ocean health and enhance the contribution of marine biodiversity to the development of a developing country like Indonesia, the findings from this study would help to achieve Goal 14: Life below water, of Sustainable Development Goals of UN.
[article_url] => https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352513419305460?via%3Dihub
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2020.100389
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[publication_title] => Effect of the blue pigment produced by the tropical diatom Haslea nusantara on marine organisms from different trophic levels and its bioactivity
[journal_title] => Journal of Aquaculture Reports
[publisher] => Elsevier
[year] => July 2020
[subject] => Aquaculture; Marine Sciences
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[post_date] => 2020-12-18 08:38:50
[post_date_gmt] => 2020-12-18 08:38:50
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[post_title] => Can Religion and Self-control be Used to Predict Antisocial Behaviors?
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[researchers_name] => PURWONO, Urip
[researchers_position] => Department of Psychology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
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[research_footprints] => Bayesian information criterion; effortful control; muslim population; self regulation; Islam; theoretical model; religiosity; self control; antisocial behavior; self-control
[graphic_abstract] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => Based on past research theories, this study provides an overview of the relationship between religiosity and adolescents’ self-control as well as antisocial behavior. Since most of the available literature focused heavily on the relations between religiosity and self-control among U.S. Christian populations, this study gives insights into the Muslim adolescent community. Thus, assessing the generalizability of the models relating religiosity and EC to a wider sample. Apart from that, two types of adolescent antisocial behaviors, namely problem behavior and aggressive behavior, were assessed. Furthermore, the study compared moderation and mediation models and their relative adequacy by assessing the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) values. The results indicated that the moderation models were superior to the mediation models. A negative association between both religiosity and self-control and antisocial behavior was established. However, religiosity and self-control were indeed found to be interrelated.
[the_background] => The relationship between religiosity and self-control has been widely discussed, and there are often contradicting perceptions of their relation. Some studies agreed that they are interrelated, while others argued that they are not. It is also found that some of the findings cannot be replicated across studies, and there is an unevenness in the results across different types of antisocial behavior. Hence, this study aims to provide additional constructs in models connecting religiosity and adjustments by exploring religiosity and self-control as predictors of antisocial behavior.
[the_sdg_impact] => The United Nations have always been a strong advocate against violence and discrimination, especially in preserving equal rights across all religions. The rise in social unrest in recent years involving religion and culture serves as a strong indication that an in-depth understanding of the society and its principles are required to promote peace. The findings of this study could be beneficial in understanding the trigger of antisocial behaviors to ensure responsive, inclusive, participatory, and representative decision-making when it comes to educating the people and policymakers. Thus, aligning well with the visions of UNSDG 16: Peace, Justice and Strong Institution.
[article_url] => https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2018-27951-001
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[podcast] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Urip-Purwono_1758843_1600491748.mp3
[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1037/rel0000178
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[publication_title] => Religiosity and Effortful Control as Predictors of Antisocial Behavior in Muslim Indonesian Adolescents: Moderation and Mediation Models
[journal_title] => Journal Psychology of Religion and Spirituality
[publisher] => American Psychology Association
[year] => June 2018
[subject] => Psychology
)
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[post_date] => 2020-12-17 03:48:05
[post_date_gmt] => 2020-12-17 03:48:05
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Childhood Abuse History Triggers Depression in Adolescent
[post_excerpt] =>
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[researchers_name] => DHAMAYANTI, Meita
[researchers_position] => Department of Child Health, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/48.jpg
[researchers_profile] => https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Meita_Dhamayanti
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[research_footprints] => high school; sexual violence; Depression; mental health problem; Statistical Package for the Social Sciences; Adolescents; psychological violence; school student; junior high; meta analysis; Child abuse; indonesia
[graphic_abstract] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study provided evidence that a history of child abuse or another term violence against children (VAC) is associated with depression in adolescents of West Java, Indonesia. There were 5 dimensions of child abuse (VAC) history observed, namely psychological violence, exposure to violence, physical violence, neglect, and sexual abuse. Based on the outcome of this cross-sectional study, it was found that a history of psychological VAC had the highest risk of developing depression in later years. However, the other dimensions of VAC did portray significant influence in triggering depression. Therefore, it is crucial to implement early detection measures to prevent violence against children during the early years of a person and its consequences on mental health.
[the_background] => Depression is one of the common mental health problems observed during adolescence. If left unattended, it may cause dire consequences on themselves, their family, and even the nation. Previous studies have suggested a linkage between violence against children history and the prevalence of depression in later years. As this study proves a similarly strong correlation between the abuse history and depression in the Indonesian context, these findings could serve as a vital reference for practitioners when attending to such cases in the future.
[the_sdg_impact] => Globally, there are more than 264 million people of all ages suffering from depression. WHO also shared that close to 800 000 people die every year from suicide as a consequence of depression, making it the 2nd leading cause of death among 15 to 29-year olds. By understanding the factors triggering depression among school-goers, and their childhood history, effective preventive measures could be implemented. This study aligns perfectly with UN SDG 3: Good health and well-being to promote mental well-being across all ages.
[article_url] => https://bmcpediatr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12887-020-02218-2
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-020-02218-2
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[publication_title] => The association of depression with child abuse among Indonesian adolescents
[journal_title] => Journal Behavior and Development
[publisher] => BMC Pediatrics
[year] => June 2020
[subject] => Pediatrics; Child Health
)
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[post_author] => 154
[post_date] => 2020-12-16 19:54:49
[post_date_gmt] => 2020-12-16 19:54:49
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Asthma: Its Modifiable Factors & Vulnerable Time Windows
[post_excerpt] =>
[post_status] => publish
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[post_name] => asthma-its-modifiable-factors-vulnerable-time-windows
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[researchers_name] => HWANG, Bing-Fang (黃彬芳)
[researchers_position] => Department of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taiwan
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/fang.jpg
[researchers_profile] => https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Bing-Fang_Hwang
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[research_footprints] => outdoor air pollution; postnatal period; Asthma; prenatal; Distributed Active Archive Center; air pollution; postnatal; aerosol optical depth; hazard ratios; socioeconomic status; particulate matter; cloud fraction; gestational week; Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/1-s2.0-S0091674919304798-fx1.jpg
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => The findings of this study were to showcase the correlation between exposure of atmospheric pollutants called particulate matter (PM) during pre- and post-natal periods and the development of asthma. It used a comprehensive nationwide birth cohort database to evaluate the association of asthma with the PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm) exposure during pregnancy and infancy in Taichung City. The results showed that the increased incidence of asthma in Taichung City was indeed associated with increased exposure to PM2.5 during pregnancy and infancy. To be exact, the vulnerable time windows reported during pregnancy were weeks 6 to 22, and weeks 9 to 46 after birth. The precision of weekly vulnerable time windows observation was made possible with the usage of a novel satellite-based hybrid model used to monitor ground PM2.5 in their residential location of the study.
[the_background] => Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disorder caused by genetic and environmental factors. Though the development of asthma has been associated with exposure to air pollutants during and after pregnancy, such prevalence remained unclear in the Asian context. By identifying the most vulnerable time windows for the development of asthma, this study contributed proof to the existing literature that indeed, the exposure of PM2.5 during pregnancy and infancy leads to asthmatic incidence in future. Since the direction of this study is to identify concerning risk factors on illnesses, the methodology employed could serve as a guide for future research of similar field or scale. The findings of this study are crucial in preventing and reducing the number of asthma cases not just locally but also globally. Besides, as asthma is not curable after its onset, knowing the vulnerable time windows is essential to mitigate the effect of environmental factors. Among suggestions to steer clear of the risk of developing asthma in later years are for pregnant women and children to stay indoors as well as avoid inhalation of toxicants and allergens during those periods.
[the_sdg_impact] => WHO estimated that approximately 300 million people are currently asthmatic, and the rising trend suggests an alarming 400 million people are to be affected by 2025. Furthermore, it is the most common chronic disease found in children, and yet it is mostly underdiagnosed and undertreated. The ultimate purpose of this study aligns perfectly with “Goal 3: Good health and well-being” of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), which is to prevent and reduce the prevalence of non-communicable diseases, in this case, asthma. By identifying the harmful effects pollutants have on child health, this study could be used to emphasize the need to substantially reduce the fatality and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water, and soil pollution and contamination.
[article_url] => https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091674919304798#undfig1
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/asthma3.jpg
[podcast] =>
[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2019.03.024
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[publication_title] => Fine particulate matter exposure during pregnancy and infancy and incident asthma
[journal_title] => Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
[publisher] => Elsevier
[year] => June 2019
[subject] => Occupational Safety and Health; Medical
)
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[post_date] => 2020-12-16 17:22:00
[post_date_gmt] => 2020-12-16 17:22:00
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Sustainable Microbial-based Agricultural Technologies
[post_excerpt] =>
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[post_name] => sustainable-microbial-based-agricultural-technologies
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[researchers_name] => NATH YADAV, Ajar
[researchers_position] => Department of Biotechnology, Eternal University, India
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[research_footprints] => reactive oxygen species; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Biodiversity; Bacillus altitudinis; Miscanthus sinensis; Brachybacterium paraconglomeratum; Acinetobacter calcoaceticus; plant nutrient; Bacillus subtilis; Bacillus megaterium; chemical fertilizer; Biofertilizers; Litchi chinensis; Arabidopsis thaliana; Triticum aestivum; indole-3-acetic acid; Bacillus licheniformis; Pseudomonas alcaligenes; Fusarium proliferatum; eco friendly; plant growth; Azotobacter chroococcum; Pseudomonas putida; Bioresources; Pseudomonas koreensis; Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; Brassica napus; Bacillus pumilus; Achromobacter xylosoxidans; sustainable agriculture; soil fertility; Enterobacter cloacae
[graphic_abstract] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This review highlights the use of more than 30 plant growth promoting (PGP) microbes as biofertilizers in agriculture. These diverse PGP microbes were categorized according to the types of nutrients supplied for plant growth, the different forms of commercial biofertilizers currently available, and their potential roles in expanding agrotechnology. As a chemical fertilizers substitute, PGP microbes' benefits goes beyond stimulating plant growth. These biofertilizers are also capable of bioremediating the surrounding ecosystem from pesticides and heavy metal pollution, increasing the nutritional values of the crops, and improving plants' abiotic stress coping mechanisms. Apart from the positive impacts on agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability, the application process is both simple and inexpensive. Though promising, issues like public awareness and production beyond laboratories need to be addressed before implementing these alternative strategies widely. Therefore, future researches could further explore these issues to perfect modern agriculture.
[the_background] => Since the dawn of agriculture, fertilizers have been used to nourish the soil to promote crop growth and increase yield. The conventionally used chemical fertilizers, though produces the desired results in a short period, its negative impact on the environment and consumer health has driven scholars to explore safer alternatives. Lately, biofertilizers using plant growth promoting (PGP) microbes has been recognized as a promising substitute. These microbial cultures contain essential components for nutrient management without jeopardizing the soil fertility and the environment. Thus, this article provides a compilation of PGP microbes and their functions to highlight the importance of biofertilizers as well as their implementation in modern sustainable agriculture.
[the_sdg_impact] => The continuous growth of the world population urges innovation efforts to be escalated to feed its people. With majority of the world's poor living in rural areas, agriculture becomes their central economic activity. Hence, there is a pressing need for knowledge and technological investment to both raise the incomes and increase sustainable food supply. Microbial biofertilizers are possibly the answer to eradicating hunger, achieving food security, improving nutrition, and promoting sustainable agriculture, as envisioned in United Nation's SDG 2: Zero Hunger. Such outcomes based on the implementation of this inexpensive modern technology in agriculture could also contribute to the realization of UNSDG 1: No Poverty via a secure food system. This eco-friendly method of nourishing the soil used for agriculture plays a huge role in reducing soil and water pollution, which has been caused by heavy usage of traditional chemical fertilizers. Thus, extending its impact to achieving the targets of SDG 6 and SDG 14 on protecting the water sources, SDG 12 on sustainable consumption and production, and last but not least, SDG 15 on land use and ecosystem preservation, as reported by the OECD Trade and Agriculture Directorate.
[article_url] => https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1878818119318390?via%3Dihub#!
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101487
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[publication_title] => Microbial Biofertilizers: Bioresources and Eco-friendly Technologies for Agricultural and Environmental Sustainability
[journal_title] => Journal of Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology
[publisher] => Elsevier
[year] => January 2020
[subject] => Agriculture; Biotechnology
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[post_date] => 2020-12-16 17:02:17
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[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Mechanism of Thrombin Triggering Human Lung Inflammation
[post_excerpt] =>
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[researchers_name] => LIN, Chien-Huang (林建煌)
[researchers_position] => Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/lin.jpg
[researchers_profile] => https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Chien_Huang_Lin
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[research_footprints] => rapamycin; Signalling pathway; Mammalian target of rapamycin; horseradish peroxidase; fetal calf serum; chromatin immunoprecipitation; p70S6 kinase; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Thrombin; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
[graphic_abstract] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This research provides evidence that thrombin is indeed involved in triggering inflammation in human lung cells through a cascade of biological signals. The findings showed thrombin activates the Akt pathway, which led to the phosphorylation of mTOR and p70S6K proteins. Consequently, a complex is formed between p70S6K, p300 (coactivator) and p65, which binds to the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). The activation of this NF-κB signaling pathway then induces the release of IL-8/CXCL8 in human lung epithelial cells, causing inflammation and thus confirming the critical role of mTOR and p70S6K in thrombin-induced human lung epithelial cell inflammation.
[the_background] => Although thrombin is commonly known for its function in blood clotting, studies have also shown that it plays an essential role in chronic lung inflammatory diseases. Previous studies have also reported that IL-8/CXCL8 (inflammatory chemokine) secretion is abundant in lung epithelial cells of asthmatic patients. However, the mechanism of thrombin stimulating the release of IL-8/CXCL8 was still unknown. Similarly, the roles of mTOR and p70S6K in the Akt pathway relating to the release of inflammatory chemokine when exposed to thrombin were also unclear. This research highlighted the pathway linking thrombin to the release of IL-8/CXCL8, in which, both mTOR and p70S6K were significantly involved. Hence, the findings provide a potential therapeutic target to treat chronic airway and lung inflammatory diseases.
[the_sdg_impact] => WHO reports over 339 million people are suffering from asthma globally, among which are mostly children. As of now, there isn’t any cure for it; instead, inhaled corticosteroids and appropriate management are commonly prescribed to control the progression of the disease. The research demonstrated the link between thrombin and the signaling pathways leading to lung inflammation. This could be used as a potential building ground for suitable drug development to control or even cure asthma. The significance of the findings complements the targets of the UN’s SDG 3: Good health and well-being, strengthening health research development to reduce premature mortality from non-communicable diseases like asthma.
[article_url] => https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0014299919308313?via%3Dihub
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172879
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[publication_title] => Mammalian target of rapamycin and p70S6K mediate thrombin-induced nuclear factor-κB activation and IL-8/CXCL8 release in human lung epithelial cells
[journal_title] => European Journal of Pharmacology
[publisher] => Elsevier
[year] => February 2020
[subject] => Pharmacology
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[post_date] => 2020-12-16 16:52:16
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[post_title] => Tuberculosis-causing Bacteria Activates Connective Tissue Proteins Through Novel Signaling Pathway
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[researchers_name] => LIN, Chien-Huang (林建煌)
[researchers_position] => Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
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[research_footprints] => epithelial cell; macrophage; extracellular matrix; small interfering RNA; tuberculosis; pulmonary fibrosis; fibrosis; matrix metalloproteinase; actinomycin D; activator protein 1; tissue remodeling; M.tb; Connective tissue growth factor; chromatin immunoprecipitation; mycobacterium tuberculosis; endothelin 1
[graphic_abstract] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study presents novel insight on the action of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), tuberculosis-causing bacteria on connective tissue growth factor (CGTF) in the lung and the signaling pathway involved leading towards pulmonary fibrosis. The pathway in which this occurs, as reported via in-vitro examination, involves the TLR2-JNK-AP-1 pathway, eventually leading to the expression of CGTF. The study also notes that the inducement of CGTF depends on time and concentration of M.tb. These promising findings open up avenues for treatment focused on inhibiting and preventing CGTF expression from causing lung fibrosis occurrence related to tuberculosis.
[the_background] => Pulmonary fibrosis is a known effect of tuberculosis characterized by scarring of the lung. Otherwise known as granuloma, this condition occurs over time, diminishes lung functions. Research has attributed this to the action of proinflammatory cytokine expression, a form of signaling protein activated via toll-like receptors (TLR), specifically TLR-2 and fibroblasts, a vital connective tissue cell where human tissue remodeling is a concern. CGTF is responsible for regulating production of the cell's skeletal component, the extracellular matrix (ECM), airway repair, and lung fibrosis progression via its key role in mediating these fibroblasts. Evidenced by animal model studies, excessive CGTF was found to be present in tissue fibrosis. The cell signaling mechanism by which CGTF is activated involves specific kinases (enzymes), such as Smad, ERK, and JNK-activator protein 1 (AP-1). Lack of understanding of how this pathway affects CGTF expression and ECM production fueled this study. This study specifies that M.tb activates a signaling cascade, beginning with TLR2 that activates JNK and c-Jun, causing AP-1 to be activated. As a result, CGTF and ECM protein fibronectin action were initiated and stimulated. This finding's significance is highly understated, given the potential of future tuberculosis intervention in inhibiting expression of CGTF while concurrently reducing lung fibrosis.
[the_sdg_impact] => A global report by the World Health Organization (WHO) stipulates a staggering 10 million deaths related to tuberculosis (TB). A large majority of 44% stemmed from the Southeast Asian region. United Nations member states have declared to end TB by 2030; however, tuberculosis's impact remains pressing among countries with high TB load, especially since the 2020 milestone could not be achieved. Nevertheless, novel findings and suggestions from this study aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG3): Good health and well-being, contributing to the target of treating 30 million people with TB preventive treatment by 2022.
[article_url] => https://faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1096/fj.201900487R
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.201900487R
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[publication_title] => Mycobacterium tuberculosis induces connective tissue growth factor expression through the TLR2-JNK-AP-1 pathway in human lung fibroblast
[journal_title] => FASEB
[publisher] => Wiley Publishing
[year] => August 2019
[subject] => Medical Science
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[post_date] => 2020-12-16 16:25:52
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[post_title] => Mechanism of FOXC1 in Regulating Neural Stem Cells’ Growth & Division
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[researchers_name] => SHYU, Woei-Cherng (徐偉成)
[researchers_position] => Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taiwan
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[research_footprints] => regions of interest; alkaline phosphatase; Chromatin immunoprecipitation; retinoic acid; forkhead box; stem cell; middle cerebral artery; von Willebrand factor; subventricular zone; ventricular zone; neural stem cells; microtubule-associated protein 2; mesenchymal stem cell; fetal calf serum; fluorescein isothiocyanate; cerebral blood flow; neural crest cell; glial fibrillary acidic protein; periodic acid Schiff; phosphate-buffered saline; mouse braine; mbryonic stem cells
[graphic_abstract] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => In an effort to explore the characteristics of neural stem cells, this study discovered a new role of forkhead box protein C1 (FOXC1) in regulating the developmental processes in the skull and brain. The mechanism in which FOXC1 involvement was highlighted via in vitro experiments conducted on arachnoid-pia stem cells (APSCs) isolated from humans and mice. FOXC1 was found to cause direct induction of stress-inducible protein 1 (STI-1) in APSCs. Then, the STI-1 stimulates cellular prion protein (PrPC) to promote the growth and division of APSCs. Such novel insights on the newly identified APSCs secreting STI-1 bring to light alternate signaling mechanism to create neural stem cells. In vivo studies shall be carried out in the future to confirm the potential of FOXC1 in healing patients within a shorter time frame.
[the_background] => FOXC1 is a single exon gene encoding a 553 amino acid protein and a member of the forkhead box (FOX) family of transcription factors. The meningeal layer is membranous coverings (consist of arachnoid-pia cells) of the brain and spinal cord. FOXC1 is known to play a crucial role in regulating developmental processes, including somatic, cardiovascular and renal development. Past studies also showed that mice with FOXC1 gene mutations displayed severe brain and skull defects. Nonetheless, those observations merely highlighted the relationship between FOXC1 and the meningeal layer. Thus, this study was carried out to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of FOXC1 in APSC proliferation and self-renewal. Understanding the mechanisms would contribute to advancing health technology, especially in developing procedures and systems for rapid healing purposes.
[the_sdg_impact] => WHO’s Global Initiative on Health Technologies aims to help make available the benefits of health technologies to effectively control health problems. The output of this study allows scientists to better understand how neural stem cells work. This opens up possibilities to develop technologies that treat and improve the condition of patients, especially those suffering from brain and skull defects. Therefore, this study provides foundational evidence to be further explored, ultimately contributing to the realization of UNSDG 3: Good Health & Well-being.
[article_url] => https://www.thno.org/v09p6443.htm
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/20b-1.jpg
[podcast] =>
[doi] => https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.35619
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[publication_title] => Role of FOXC1 in regulating APSCs self-renewal via STI-1/PrPC signaling
[journal_title] => Theranostics
[publisher] => Theranostics
[year] => August 2019
[subject] => Biomedical Science
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[post_date] => 2020-12-16 16:15:59
[post_date_gmt] => 2020-12-16 16:15:59
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Lifespan Extension: A Novel Signaling Pathway
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[researchers_name] => HSU, Ao-Lin (許翱麟)
[researchers_position] => Research Center for Healthy Aging, China Medical University, Taiwan
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[research_footprints] => green fluorescent protein; immunoglobulin G; life span; deoxyribonuclease I; insulin-like growth factor 1; untranslated regions; caenorhabditis; heat shock proteins; RNA interference; Caenorhabditis elegans; heat shock factor; mitochondrial genome; mitochondrial DNA; protein homeostasis; C. elegans; polymerase chain reaction; electron transport chain; micrococcal nuclease; phosphate-buffered saline; heat shock response; phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride
[graphic_abstract] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => In attempt to establish an in-depth understanding of aging and organismal longevity, this study reported a novel signaling pathway that could extend life expectancy. The results showed that the longevity achieved in Caenorhabditis elegans (nematode worms) is largely due to the increase in histone H4 protein levels. The increase in histone H4 protein is induced by inhibiting the binding of heat shock factor binding protein 1 (HSB-1) to heat shock factor–1 (HSF-1). Consequently, the histone H4 proteins move from nucleus to mitochondrion and result in increased compaction of mitochondrial genome, subsequently inhibiting mitochondrial activity. Thus, contributing to the extension of lifespan. By leveraging the findings of this study, future research may be carried out in other multicellular organisms to explore its feasibility in terms of applications.
[the_background] => Multiple studies have shown that HSF-1 is actively involved in regulating the longevity of animals in non-stressed physiological conditions. It is found that the transcriptional activity of HSF-1 is inhibited by several regulatory mechanisms under normal conditions. One such negative regulator of HSF-1 is the HSB-1. Nonetheless, the longevity-promoting mechanisms of the HSB-1/HSF-1 signaling pathway remain uncertain to-date. Hence, this study investigated the signaling pathway, which also involves the crucial roles of H4. The outputs of the investigation would serve as a useful reference for future studies in longevity.
[the_sdg_impact] => The UN estimates a global average life expectancy of 72.6 years for 2019. Would it be possible to increase it to achieve that of Japan in the future (i.e., 84.7 years for 2019)? In order to achieve that, extensive studies are needed to help researchers understand the pathways and mechanisms involved in the human lifespan and aging. The results of this study are essential to help realize UN SDG 3: Good Health & Well-being, possibly allowing the world population to age gracefully.
[article_url] => https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/6/43/eaaz4452
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/lifespan2.jpg
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz4452
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[publication_title] => HSB-1/HSF-1 pathway modulates histone H4 in mitochondria to control mtDNA transcription and longevity
[journal_title] => Journal of Science Advances
[publisher] => AAAS
[year] => October 2020
[subject] => Aging; Health; Medical
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[post_date] => 2020-12-16 16:07:36
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[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Prevention of Diet-induced Obesity and Diabetes via Engineered Tissues
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[researchers_name] => WANG, Chih-Hao (王志豪)
[researchers_position] => Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taiwan
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[research_footprints] => energy expenditure; soluble guanylyl cyclase; white adipose tissue; brown adipose tissue; endogenous; glucose homeostasis; endothelial nitric oxide synthase; adenosine monophosphate; analysis of variance; nitric oxide; uncoupling protein 1; Institute for Basic Science; Juvenile Diabetes Research foundation; brown fat; cyclic guanosine monophosphate; guanosine diphosphate; adipose tissue; insulin sensitivity; red blood cell
[graphic_abstract] =>
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[the_novelty] => In order to curb obesity and diabetes, this study discovered a potential method using the CRISPR-SAM system to engineer human white adipose tissues (WAT) to exhibit the properties of brown adipose tissues (BAT). The reported findings were obtained from in vivo experiments conducted on obese mice. It was observed that, for both preventive and treatment models, the transplantation of human brown-like (HUMBLE) cells improved blood sugar regulation in mice with the aid of SNOs/nitrite activation. The unique effect of NO on BAT, when complemented with the HUMBLE cell-based therapy, could potentially be used as an alternate strategy to activate BAT by increasing NO bioactivity, in part, increasing eNOS activity in HUMBLE cells. The HUMBLE cell-based therapy suggested by this study promises a side-effect-free activation of BAT, sustainable improvement of metabolism for a prolonged period, and combat high-calorie diet-based metabolic disorders. To further solidify these findings, future experiments could focus on the effects of environmental factors, such as ambient temperature, diet, and housing condition.
[the_background] => In mammals, both WAT and BAT play crucial roles in systemic energy homeostasis. WAT is the main site for storing excess fuel containing unilocular lipid droplets, while BAT is specific for energy dissipation and has multilocular lipid droplets. BAT generates heat in response to cold exposure, and the activation of BAT increases energy expenditure. Meanwhile, the activity of BAT is inversely correlated with body mass index and fat mass, making BAT an appealing target for anti-obesity therapies. On the other hand, WAT is more easily reachable and manipulatable considering its abundance and location. Therefore, aiming for induced browning of WAT may hold great potential for preventing or treating obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders. Even though some clinical studies have demonstrated that BAT can be activated effectively via cold exposure, therapeutic cold exposure is uncomfortable for patients. Furthermore, sympathomimetics drugs were reported to activate BAT but have unwanted cardiovascular side effects. This study was conducted to create human brown-like (HUMBLE) cells by engineering human white preadipocytes using the CRISPR genome editing approach
[the_sdg_impact] => According to WHO, over 340 million children and adolescents aged 5-19 were overweight or obese in 2016. Besides that, most of the world's population live in countries where overweight and obesity kill more people than underweight. Hence, establishing preventive and therapeutic methods to combat obesity and its complications is of great importance to the healthcare community. The output of this study provides a potential cell-based therapeutic strategy to combat obesity and metabolic syndrome. Its hand in reducing the overall health risk aids the realization of UN SDG 3: Good Health & Well-being.
[article_url] => https://stm.sciencemag.org/content/12/558/eaaz8664
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz8664
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[publication_title] => CRISPR-engineered human brown-like adipocytes prevent diet-induced obesity and ameliorate metabolic syndrome in mice
[journal_title] => Science Translational Medicine
[publisher] => AAAS
[year] => August 2020
[subject] => Biomedical Science
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[post_date] => 2020-12-16 15:50:47
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[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Alternate Pain Management Strategy through Acupuncture
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[researchers_name] => CHEN, Yi-Hung (陳易宏)
[researchers_position] => Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taiwan
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[research_footprints] => enzyme immunoassay; area under the curve; pain management; phospholipase C; nerve stimulationan; algesia; electrical stimulation; Food and Drug Administration; low frequency; diacylglycerol lipase; periaqueductal gray; orexin a; lateral hypothalamus
[graphic_abstract] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => In efforts to improve the current pain management approach, this study has proven that median nerve stimulation (MNS) through acupuncture needles at the PC6 acupoint (MNS-PC6) induced a pain-relieving effect. This opioid-independent pain relief strategy was tested using mice models to understand the analgesic mechanism thoroughly. The findings revealed that electrical stimulation at PC6 acupoint (MNS-PC6) released neuropeptide orexin from the hypothalamus to inhibit pain responses in mice through an endocannabinoid. This neurotransmitter then reduced the GABAergic, an inhibitory control, in the periaqueductal gray (midbrain pain control region), effectively suppressing the pain intensity. Thus, introducing an alternate pain-management strategy, especially in opioid-tolerant patients. The effectiveness of the MNS shall be further confirmed by conducting tests on other pain models, such as pain associated with cancer, arthritis, or chronic inflammation.
[the_background] => Despite the fact that peripheral nerve stimulation (including MNS) and acupuncture have been applied in pain relief for over fifty years and thousands of years, respectively, their mechanisms remain uncertain to-date. There were also arguments stating that the pain-relieving effect of acupuncture is just a placebo effect. Meanwhile, on top of the potential risk of drug misuse, the current painkillers are known to cause significant adverse effects and limitations. These are the reasons for the inadequate treatment of pain, especially neuropathic pain and cancer pain. Hence, this study was conducted to not only demonstrate the efficiency of MNS-PC6, but also to outline the mechanism of pain relief effect induced in detail. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the mechanism would help practitioners improve the current state of pain management.
[the_sdg_impact] => WHO is concerned about the opioid overdose crisis and the potential hazards of drug abuse in the name pain management. Furthermore, people in low- and middle-income countries have minimal access to medication for moderate and severe pain control. Therefore, apart from improving the well-being of patients, the results of this study in inducing pain relief effectively via a nonopioid mechanism have high potential in strengthening the prevention and treatment of substance abuse. Essentially, the findings of this study set the path to realizing the objectives of UNSDG 3: Good Health & Well-being, especially in the healthcare industry
[article_url] => https://www.pnas.org/content/115/45/E10720
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1807991115
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[publication_title] => Median nerve stimulation induces analgesia via orexininitiated endocannabinoid disinhibition in the periaqueductal gray
[journal_title] => Neuroscience
[publisher] => PNAS
[year] => November 2018
[subject] => Medical; Acupuncture
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[post_date] => 2020-12-16 15:33:56
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[post_title] => Inhibiting the COVID-19 Protein using Curcuminoid Derivatives
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[researchers_name] => YANG, Jai-Sing (楊家欣)
[researchers_position] => Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taiwan
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[research_footprints] => human immunodeficiency virus; compound library; novel coronavirus; 2019‐nCoV; Food and Drug Administration; lopinavir; Alzheimer disease; ribonucleic acid; coronavirus disease
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/10.1177_1934578x20953262-fig1.gif
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => As an effort to battle the COVID-19 pandemic, this study identified curcuminoid derivatives that are capable of binding to 3C-like protease (3CLpro) and block the activity in SARS-CoV-2. The study was conducted using computer simulations (in silico) and the compound library of Natural Products Research Laboratories (NPRL). The curcuminoid derivatives identified to have a strong binding affinity to 3C-like protease (3CLpro) include NPRL334, NPRL339, NPRL342, NPRL346, NPRL407, NPRL415, NPRL420, NPRL472, and NPRL473, among which NPRL342 showed the strongest binding affinity. By leveraging these promising results, in vitro and in vivo experiments are being carried out to verify the anti-SARS-CoV-2 viral activity of the potential compounds followed by clinical trials.
[the_background] => On March 23, 2020, remdesivir was designated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for compassionate use to treat COVID-19. Since remdesivir is one of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP) inhibitors, they were reported to appear nonspecific, display low potency, and cause common adverse reactions in patients. Meanwhile, Kaletra (lopinavir/ritonavir; a protease inhibitor) was administered to some COVID-19 patients, and health improvement was observed. This implies the potential of the main protease (3C-like protease; 3CLpro) as an essential target in COVID-19 therapy. Recently, curcumin has been demonstrated to have the ability to block the entry of SARS-CoV-2. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate whether 3CLpro can be a major target protein with strong binding affinities to lopinavir, curcumin, and compounds from the compound library of NPRL, via molecular docking techniques.
[the_sdg_impact] => As of the fourth quarter of the year 2020, the death toll of Covid-19 touches nearly 1 million worldwide, with over 30 million reported cases. Besides causing fatalities, this pandemic is severely affecting the global economy and increased the rate of unemployment. By conducting this study to discover an effective therapy for COVID-19, it contributes to the research and development of vaccines and medicines which improve the health and well-being of people (UNSDG 3).
[article_url] => https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1934578X20953262
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X20953262
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[publication_title] => In Silico De Novo Curcuminoid Derivatives From the Compound Library of Natural Products Research Laboratories Inhibit COVID-19 3CLpro Activity
[journal_title] => Journal Nature Product Communication
[publisher] => Sage Publishing
[year] => September 2020
[subject] => Medical; Covid-19
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[post_date] => 2020-12-08 01:43:27
[post_date_gmt] => 2020-12-08 01:43:27
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => LaBr3(Ce) Detector Performance Upgrade: Understanding the Intrinsic Background Radiation
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[researchers_name] => SUN, Baohua
[researchers_position] => School of Physics, Beihang University, China
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[research_footprints] => secular equilibrium; coincidence measurement; background radiation; GEANT4 simulation; B380; decay chain; electronic capture; γ ray; clover detector; high-purity germanium
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/labre-detector.jpeg
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => In an attempt to improve the efficiency of the cerium doped lanthanum (III) bromide (LaBr3(Ce)) detector, this study, for the first time, showcased the decoupling activities of thallium-207, polonium-211, polonium-215, francium-223, and actinium-227. It provided a complete picture of the detector’s intrinsic background through the α- and β-decay chain. This resulted from conducting a coincidence measurement using a Clover detector to identify the internal radioactive isotopes of the Ø3”×3” Saint-Gobain B380 detector. The combination of coincidence spectra with Geant4 simulations allowed the determination of accurate lanthanum-138, bismuth-211, radon-219, radium-223, and thorium-227 activities. Therefore, the findings of this study ultimately provided insights into the radioactive contaminants present in the detector and its influences on the detection sensitivity.
[the_background] => The LaBr3(Ce) crystal is a new inorganic scintillator that is ideal for being widely used in environmental monitoring, oil well logging, nuclear safeguards, and medical imaging. Its superior characteristics in terms of density, light output, temperature response, and decay time make it a favorable substitute for the widely used thallium doped sodium iodide (NaI(Tl)) when high performance is required. However, the LaBr3(Ce) detector is also known to have a relatively high intrinsic background radiation due to lanthanum-138 and actinium-227 impurities. As a result, it limits the application of this detector, especially in low-count rate experiments. Therefore, this study is crucial to understand and enhance the performance of the LaBr3(Ce) detector as well as maximize its potential across various fields.
[the_sdg_impact] => Innovation and technological advancement are known to be the key drivers of growth, whether it involves societal, economic, or environmental well-being. By encouraging new or improved technologies through research and development, as projected in UNSDG 9: Industries, Innovation and Infrastructure, a significant influence on global resource management, international trades, economic development, etc. would be feasible. Hence, the aim of this study, which is to improve the efficiency of the LaBr3(Ce) detector, is a step towards adopting innovation to overcome the limitations of existing technologies. The findings could be used to provide important parameters when laboratory-based systems are employed under open field environment. Thus, it will improve the on-field application of the scintillating material in terms of addressing radioactive contaminations or for medical purposes.
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41365-020-00812-8
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-020-00812-8
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[publication_title] => Intrinsic background radiation of LaBr3(Ce) detector via coincidence measurements and simulations
[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => October 2020
[subject] => Nuclear Science; Physics; Engineering
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[post_title] => Creating Energy Efficient LEDs
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[researchers_name] => SHUHAIMI, Ahmad
[researchers_position] => University of Malaya | UM · Department of Physics
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[researchers_profile] => https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ahmad_Shuhaimi
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[research_footprints] => Gallium Nitride; Multi-layer; Semi-polar; Surface Morphology; Thin Film; Diffuse Scattering; Partial Dislocation; Basal Stacking Faults; Atomic Force Microscopy; Morphology; Crystal Quality; X-ray Rocking Curve
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/saff.png
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This innovation focuses on creating energy-efficient LEDs by improving its material preparation and structure. Results indicate that the use of AlN/GaN ML significantly reduces the defect on the surface of the nitride film. In addition, the increase of AlN/GaN pairs also enhances the crystal quality by 10-20% dues to the reduction of defect density. Hence, it can be concluded that the AlN/GaN ML plays a significant role in growing improved semi-polar thin films of LEDs.
[the_background] => The production of LED materials has always been challenging due to defect densities, high production costs and complex production processes. This study offers a convenient, cost-effective technique of preparing (growing) better materials by significantly enhancing the surface and structure of these materials. The production of better materials for LEDs will in turn make clean energy available and affordable to everyone.
[the_sdg_impact] => LEDs are widely used all over the world. However, the most common material used to LEDs proved challenging to prepare due to various factors from high defect rates to high manufacturing costs. In Malaysia, these factors are reinforced by the public’s perception of no cost-benefit to migrate from common fluorescent lightings to LED. The production of energy-efficient LEDs which are also cost effective will encourage consumers to opt for the obviously better choice. This will also inevitably generate public interest on sustainable energy usage contributing to achieving the UN’s seventh Sustainable Development Goal of creating affordable and clean energy.
[article_url] => https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1369800118306966
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2018.06.014
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[publication_title] => Embedded AlN/GaN multi-layer for enhanced crystal quality and surface morphology of semi-polar (11-22) GaN on m-plane sapphire
[journal_title] => Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing
[publisher] => Elsevier
[year] => November 2018
[subject] => Physics
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[post_date] => 2020-10-22 15:55:27
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[post_title] => Understanding Factors Affecting Tuna Fishing
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[researchers_name] => KHAN, Alexander
[researchers_position] => Department of Fisheries, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
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[researchers_profile] => https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Alexander_Khan3
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[research_footprints] => Skipjack; skipjack tuna; eastern indonesia; fish aggregating devices; Eastern; tuna pole; pulau bacan; T. obesus; generalised additive models; sea surface temperature
[graphic_abstract] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study provided evidence that the oceanographic variable indeed influenced the skipjack tuna catches in eastern Indonesia. Among the oceanographic characteristics studied at the Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) locations were sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll-a (chl-a), salinity (sal), wave height (wav), wind (win), and current (cur). Furthermore, the data collected also showed that the tuna pole-and-line fishing grounds heavily depend on the deployment of the FADs in eastern Indonesia. However, further studies on the relationships between the tuna fishing and other biotic and abiotic factors are suggested to strengthen the significance of this finding.
[the_background] => Catch-per-trip (CPT) or catch rate plays a highly significant role in fishery management. Literature mentioned that fishing operation relying strongly on the FADs deployment to minimize the operation cost as well as time spent locating populated tuna areas. Also, the local oceanographic characteristics affects the migration patterns of tuna schools, ultimately impacting the fishing outcome. This study aims to explore the relationships between the oceanographic variables at different FAD sites and the fishing outcome. The data collected could then be used to create a more sustainable fishery development.
[the_sdg_impact] => Based on a report published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the total global marine catches reached 84.4 million tonnes in 2018. There was, in fact, a notable increase, over 6.7 million tonnes, in the marine catches in Indonesia alone. The UN has put forth intentions, in SDG 14: Life below water, to regulate the harvesting effectively, and end overfishing or destructive fishing practices by implementing research-based management plans. The results of this study could benefit the nation’s policymakers in restoring the fish stocks within a short timeframe and sustainably managing the tuna resources.
[article_url] => https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165783619303261?via%3Dihub
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2019.105471
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[publication_title] => Oceanographic characteristics at fish aggregating device sites for tuna pole-and-line fishery in eastern Indonesia
[journal_title] => Journal of Fisheries Research
[publisher] => Elsevier
[year] => May 2020
[subject] => Fisheries
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[post_title] => Understanding Dengue Transmission with Mathematics
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[researchers_name] => ANGGRIANI, Nursanti
[researchers_position] => Department of Mathematics, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
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[research_footprints] => Partial Rank Correlation Coefficient; transmission dynamics; endemic equilibrium; Stability; Basic Reproduction Ratio; antibody-dependent enhancement; secondary infection; Sensitivity analysis; antibody dependent enhancement; dynamics; equilibrium
[graphic_abstract] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This research developed a novel multi-strain dengue mathematical model by considering the same strain reinfection probability. The outcomes were then used to understand its effects on the dengue transmission dynamics and predict potential outbreaks. A global sensitivity analysis was also conducted to determine the most influential parameters causing dengue transmission. Results suggested that same dengue strain reinfection does affect the dynamics of primary and secondary infections, and likely to be the factor causing increased secondary infection incidence. However, further validation of the model against real-world data is still needed.
[the_background] => Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection commonly prevalent in tropical and sub-tropical countries. Generally, it is known that there are four dengue strains, and those infected by certain strains of dengue become immune to that particular strain for life. Having said that, some studies showed reinfection by the same strain is possible. Although there are existing mathematical models developed to understand dengue transmission dynamics, none of which were built to investigate the effects of reinfection with the same strain on dengue transmission behavior. By developing a mathematical model that considers such factor, this research provides new insights into dengue infection rate and predict causes of potential dengue outbreaks.
[the_sdg_impact] => According to the WHO records, there are approximately 100 to 400 million dengue infections reported all over the world yearly. The drastic increase in the global incidence in recent decades threatens almost half of the world’s population. In an attempt to end dengue epidemics, this research aligns with UN SDG 3: Good health and well-being, to understand the factors influencing dengue transmission dynamics using mathematics. The findings could be expanded in the future to develop effective dengue prevention and vector control measures. Also, the proposed mathematical model could be further modified to analyze the transmission of other infectious diseases.
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amc.2018.12.022
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[publication_title] => The effect of reinfection with the same serotype on dengue transmission dynamics
[journal_title] => Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computation
[publisher] => Elsevier
[year] => May 2019
[subject] => Mathematics
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[post_title] => Will Customers Buy from Vegetable Factories?
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[researchers_name] => PERDANA, Tomy
[researchers_position] => Department of Agro Socio-Economics, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
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[research_footprints] => Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Statistics; weather condition; vegetable factory; factor analysis; supply chain; fresh product; emerging market; Measures of Sampling Adequacy; agriculture
[graphic_abstract] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This research contributes to the literature in understanding the Indonesian consumer buying behavior towards the vegetable factory. The results identified 5 major factors influencing the customer purchasing decision – price, branding and packaging, product access, surface texture, and physical appearance of the vegetables. The data obtained from this research could be used for marketing purposes to promote the purchase of products from the vegetable factory. Apart from that, the practical implication of the research results serves as a guideline to develop vegetable factories in Indonesia, as well as other developing countries with strong agricultural dependency.
[the_background] => There is a growing demand for quality and healthy food supplies among consumers worldwide. Indonesia has also been experiencing a surge in national demand for fruits and vegetables to accommodate healthy lifestyle practice needs. The concept of vegetable factory promises to overcome the uncertainty surrounding conventional vegetable productions in terms of availability and quality. This research intends to align customer expectations and the practicality of having a vegetable factory. It also helps to gauge the readiness of customers to accept the concept of buying vegetable factory-processed products.
[the_sdg_impact] => Food security depends strongly on the agricultural strength of the nation to maintain the well-being of its people. The UN recognized the importance of going beyond hunger when they announced the targets for SDG 2: Zero hunger to ensure access safe, nutritious and sufficient food by all people throughout the year. This research sheds some light on how the agricultural industry, especially the fruit and vegetable production, could be upscaled via a vegetable factory. It also highlights the fact that vegetable factories are independent of the external factors, like weather or diseases, which could affect its production quantity and quality. Hence, providing a practical solution to overcome food insecurity in countries more prone to natural disasters.
[article_url] => http://ijaseit.insightsociety.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=9&Itemid=1&article_id=10087
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.9.6.10087
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[publication_title] => Customer Readiness in Emerging Market towards Vegetable Factories
[journal_title] => Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences
[publisher] => International Journal on Advance Science Engineering Information Technology
[year] => September 201
[subject] => Agriculture; Biological Sciences
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[post_date] => 2020-10-22 15:47:21
[post_date_gmt] => 2020-10-22 15:47:21
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Why Women with Breast Cancer Refuse Treatment?
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[researchers_name] => ISKANDARSYAH, Aulia
[researchers_position] => Department of Clinical Psychology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
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[research_footprints] => medical help; nonadherence; breast cancer; psychosocial factor; Hasan Sadikin Hospital; World Health Organization; breast cancer awareness
[graphic_abstract] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => Researchers have successfully constructed a theoretical model to describe the factors related to delayed medical help-seeking and non-compliance to treatment among Indonesian women with breast cancer. Eight major factors were identified based on this qualitative survey – lack of awareness and knowledge, cancer beliefs, treatment beliefs, financial constraints, emotional burden, severe treatment side effects, unable to communicate with healthcare providers, and unmet information needs. These psychosocial and culture-related barriers identified could be used to improve patient experience and acceptance towards acquiring continuous treatment for the disease. Some of the actionable initiatives suggested by the researchers are extensive financial support, disease and treatment awareness through media campaigns, as well as communication training for both patients and healthcare providers.
[the_background] => Data from past studies have shown that delayed medical help-seeking and inconsistent or refusal to receiving treatment leads to poor survival rate among breast cancer patients. To date, there are no general data available on the cancer care adherence rate among adult Indonesian women. Studies have also shown the impact of culture and belief system, illness awareness and misconceptions to be influencing factors of people’s behavior towards seeking medical attention. This study aims to explore the reasons for the delay in seeking medical help and nonadherence to treatment, specifically among Indonesian women with breast cancer. The findings serve as future intervention guidelines to increase medical attention-seeking and acceptance behavior in Indonesia.
[the_sdg_impact] => Reports have shown that patients with cancer located only at the breast has a 99% 5-year survival rate, but if cancer has spread to distant body parts, the 5-year survival rate reduces drastically to only 27%. Hence, women with breast cancer should get diagnosed and treated as early as possible to improve their survival rate. The outcome of this research could be used to encourage breast cancer patients to seek treatment better, reducing the chances of premature mortality rate not only in Indonesia, potentially in other countries too. This fits the aim of the UN SDG3: Good health and well-being.
[article_url] => https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2013-01793-001
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[podcast] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Aulia-Iskandarsyah_1093355_1597379023.mp3
[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031060
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[publication_title] => Psychosocial and cultural reasons for delay in seeking help and nonadherence to treatment in Indonesian women with breast cancer: A qualitative study
[journal_title] => Journal of Health Psychology
[publisher] => American Psychological Association
[year] => January 2013
[subject] => Clinical Psychology
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[129] => WP_Post Object
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[ID] => 20388
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[post_date] => 2020-10-22 15:44:38
[post_date_gmt] => 2020-10-22 15:44:38
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Whole-genome Sequencing (WGS) for TB Strain
[post_excerpt] =>
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[post_name] => whole-genome-sequencing-wgs-for-tb-strain
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[researchers_name] => CHAIDIR, Lidya
[researchers_position] => Department of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
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[researchers_profile] => https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Lidya_Chaidir
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[research_footprints] => drug susceptibility testing; tuberculosis; genome sequencing; m. tuberculosis; Whole-genome sequencing; Drug resistance; Resistance mutations; mycobacterium tuberculosis; indonesia; phenotypic dst
[graphic_abstract] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This pilot study used whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to screen for drug resistance in different Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in the Indonesia population. The outcome of this study offers WGS as a rapid, affordable and comprehensive diagnostic tool that is also portable, improving the chances of being diagnosed and be given more appropriate treatment. It was also observed that drug-resistant TB strains are more common among those with Indo-Oceanic lineage compared to those with Euro-American and East-Asian lineages. That being said, those of East-Asian lineages are more susceptible to host multiple mutated strains. Therefore, WGS is a promising computational method used to understand the influence of genetic data and mutation consequences of all M. tuberculosis strains with drug resistance. It serves as a good starting point to improve clinical management and TB control efforts in developing countries like Indonesia.
[the_background] => There is a huge gap between multidrug-resistant TB incidence and treatment in Indonesia, leading to delayed detection and inappropriate treatment administration. Existing conventional methods, such as culture-based drug susceptibility testing (DST) and molecular-based DST, are tedious, time-consuming, inconsistent, and has incomplete sensitivity to determine multidrug-resistant TB. WGS is gradually gaining reputation as a reliable tool to predict drug resistance of different Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, and it is yet to be explored in high-endemic settings. This study provides the first evidential data of M. tuberculosis strains resistant to first- and second-line TB drugs in Indonesia predicted using WGS. It also examines the effectiveness of phenotypic DST when cross-referenced with WGS data of different M. tuberculosis strains.
[the_sdg_impact] => According to a 2017 report from the World Health Organization (WHO), there is a constant increase of anti-TB drug resistance cases globally, despite increased testing. It was also reported that close to 230 000 people died of TB in that year, mostly in India and China, due to ineffective TB care/treatment. To address the global multidrug-resistant TB crisis, this study contributes evidence to scale up rapid testing and detection procedures by introducing WGS as a reliable diagnostic tool. Proper diagnosis improves effectiveness of treatment, which aligns with the visions of UN SDG 3: Good health and well-being, to end the epidemics of tuberculosis by 2030.
[article_url] => https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2213716518301656?via%3Dihub
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[podcast] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Lidya-Chaidir_1683492_1600152245.mp3
[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgar.2018.08.018
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[publication_title] => Use of whole-genome sequencing to predict Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug resistance in Indonesia
[journal_title] => Journal of Global Antimicrobia Resistance
[publisher] => Elsevier
[year] => March 2019
[subject] => Medical; Medicine
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[post_date] => 2020-10-22 15:33:58
[post_date_gmt] => 2020-10-22 15:33:58
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Using Papaya Waste to Produce ß-glucan as Scavenger of Free Radical
[post_excerpt] =>
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[researchers_name] => LARA UTAMA, Gemilang
[researchers_position] => Department of Food Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/36.jpg
[researchers_profile] => https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Gemilang_Lara_Utama
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[research_footprints] => S. cerevisiae; papaya waste; antioxidant activity; banana waste; napa cabbage waste; glucan mass; ß-glucan; fermentation medium; fruit waste
[graphic_abstract] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => In an attempt to understand the agricultural waste disposal landscape of Indonesia, this study showed that the best substrate in producing ß-glucan from Saccharomyces cereviseae was papaya waste, compared to the banana waste and napa cabbage waste. The ß-glucan yielded from Saccharomyces cereviseae that be grown at the papaya waste reported to display radical scavenging activity of 20.71% and a globular diameter of 533μm. The experiment was conducted by growing S. cerevisieae on the three different organic wastes, followed by the extraction of ß-glucan from the S. cerevisieae cell walls. The positive results proved that papaya waste is a potential substrate for producing ß-glucan, in which its feasibility in various applications as a scavenger of free-radical can be further explored.
[the_background] => It is a norm for a large-population country like Indonesia to produce a significant tonnage of organic waste daily. Besides increasing the cost of waste disposal and causing odor, organic waste also gives rise to CO2 and CH4 when under anaerobic conditions. These gases will deplete the ozone layer, which, in turn, allows the penetration of ultraviolet rays to yield more free radicals. Hence, to overcome those issues concurrently, organic wastes such as vegetable and fruit waste can be used as a substrate to produce free radical scavenger. The local Central Bureau of Statistics had reported that the three highest amounts of vegetable and fruit wastes comprised banana waste, papaya waste, and napa cabbage waste. That was the reason for these wastes to be used in this study. These high carbohydrate substrates, which are abundant in Indonesia, are good candidates for such an effort even though they are yet to be widely studied or used globally. The findings showed that ß-glucan could be produced using these substrates. β–glucan is a soluble fiber found in the cell walls of cereals, bacteria, and fungi. Nevertheless, other than improving the yield of ß-glucan, the biological potential of ß-glucan as an antioxidant should be determined.
[the_sdg_impact] => In Indonesia, the organic waste amounts up to 60% of total waste. If there is no effort taken to deal with this scenario, it is very likely to cause severe pollutions. Improving the environment brings about a chain effect that involves the realization of multiple UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). Since the UN aims to reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination by 2030, this study contributes to the realization of Goal 3: Good Health & Well-Being.
[article_url] => https://acta.mendelu.cz/68/1/0119/
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.11118/actaun202068010119
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[publication_title] => The Utilization of Vegetable and Fruit Wastes for Saccharomyces cerevisieae Cell Wall Based β-Glucan Production with Antioxidant Activity
[journal_title] => Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae
[publisher] => Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae
[year] => February 2020
[subject] => Food Science
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[post_date] => 2020-10-22 15:30:11
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[post_title] => Treating Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis Using α-Mangostin
[post_excerpt] =>
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[researchers_name] => WATHONI, Nasrul
[researchers_position] => Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/42.jpg
[researchers_profile] => https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nasrul_Wathoni
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[research_footprints] => pure α m.; alginate; chalg hf; chalg/α m hf; X-ray diffraction; scanning electron microscopy; tensile strength; differential scanning calorimetry; Recurrent aphthous stomatitis; chitosan; Hydrogel film
[graphic_abstract] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study has successfully developed α-mangostin hydrogel film based chitosan–alginate (ChAlg/α-M HF) to be used in the therapy of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). The samples were prepared using the solvent evaporation method. Other than physicochemical characterizations, computational, in vitro and mucoadhesive studies were also carried out to determine the potential of ChAlg/α-M HF as a carrier for α-mangostin (α-M). Based on the promising results, the study should be expanded to animal models in the future to determine its feasibility and efficiency.
[the_background] => RAS is the most common ulcerative disease in the oral mucosa (i.e., the mucous membrane lining the inside of the mouth) in humans. To date, there is no effective RAS therapy yet. The use of existing drugs in RAS targets to accelerate the regeneration of tissue cells. Antiseptic drugs, local anesthetics, and corticosteroids are often used for RAS therapy, but they are also known to cause harmful side effects if being used too frequently and over a long period. Meanwhile, α-mangostin (α-M) is the main compound of mangosteen peel, and it has been known as an agent for oral cavity therapy. However, α-M is difficult to be delivered directly to the site because of its insolubility in water. Thus, a carrier is needed to deliver α-M, and this study has aimed to develop a potential carrier to deliver α-M for RAS therapy.
[the_sdg_impact] => RAS is one of the most common oral disorders. Since there is no effective therapy for RAS yet, developing a cure for it would be a breakthrough. The outcome of this study has a high potential in synthesizing an effective cure for RAS. This would minimize the exposure to the harmful side effects caused by the drugs being used in RAS therapy. As the UN aims to support the research and development of medicines, this study contributes to the realization of Goal 3: Good Health and Well-being of Sustainable Development Goals.
[article_url] => https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/9/23/5235
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/mangosteen.jpg
[podcast] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Nasrul-Wathoni_1649117_1599988238.mp3
[doi] => https://doi.org/10.3390/app9235235
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[publication_title] => α-Mangostin Hydrogel Film Based Chitosan–Alginate for Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis
[journal_title] => Journal of Applied Science
[publisher] => MDPI
[year] => December 2019
[subject] => Pharmaceutics; Pharmaceutical
)
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[post_date] => 2020-10-22 15:27:38
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[post_title] => The Role of MicroRNAs in Premature Senescence
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[researchers_name] => WONG, Pooi-Fong
[researchers_position] => University of Malaya | UM · Department of Pharmacology
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[research_footprints] => MicroRNA-107; Mammalian Target of Rapamycin; Rapamycin; Cellular Senescence; Human Endothelial Cell Rapamycin; MTOR Complex 1; Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog; Low Dose Rapamycin
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/wpf3.jpg
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study investigates the role of microRNAs in premature deterioration of endothelial cells. It was proven in this study that the downregulation of the MTORC1 pathway can delay the onset of cell deterioration. The specific miRNA which is involved in the inhibition of this pathway is identified as miRNA-107. The increase in miRNA-107 expression leads to the rise of MTORC1 activities which prompts cell senescence. On the other hand, the decrease of miRNA-107 via long-term low dose rapamycin delays senescence. Thus, through further applied and translational studies, this discover could benefit global aging population by reducing risks of aging-related diseases.
[the_background] => By understanding the mechanism of endothelial senescence, age-related vascular diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis can also be prevented. The discovery of this study can also help in developing RNA-based therapies besides the identification of new targets in disease intervention. This is especially beneficial as age-related diseases are on the rise alongside the increasing numbers of aging population all over the world due to medical and technological advancement.
[the_sdg_impact] => Cellular senescence can be defined as the biological aging of the cell where the cell’s functionality gradually deteriorates. Cellular senescence affects the ability of cells to divide and proliferate. Numerous studies have been done to investigate the process of aging. At the cellular level, aging can be prevented by the inhibition of MTORC1 pathway. The mechanism of this process involves microRNA which regulates cell functions. In line with UN’s third Sustainable Development Goal, an in-depth comprehension of this process can contribute in innovative strategies that can counter premature senescence aiding the aging population in preserving not just good health but also good well-being.
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[publication_title] => Endothelial replicative senescence delayed by the inhibition of MTORC1 signaling involves MicroRNA-107
[journal_title] => International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology
[publisher] => Elsevier
[year] => August 201
[subject] => Biochemistry and Cell Biology
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[post_title] => Synthetic Glycans – A Novel Anticancer Agent Against Glioblastoma
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[researchers_name] => FARIED, Ahmad
[researchers_position] => Department of Neurosurgery, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
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[research_footprints] => poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; autophagic; glioblastoma cell; apoptosis; autophagy; mammalian target of rapamycin; synthetic glycan; glioblastoma; cell death
[graphic_abstract] =>
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[the_novelty] => This study demonstrated synthetic glycans (sugar cholestanols) as promising novel anticancer agents against glioblastoma cells in both animal and human cancer cell models. For the first time, it was evidenced that these synthetic glycans could trigger not only cellular apoptosis, but also the autophagic (self-consuming) mechanism of the naturally death-resistant glioblastoma cells. This programmed cell death induced is followed by a series of continuous activation and suppression of several molecular expressions. When treated with the sugar cholestanols, there were increased expression of p53 in ser46, downregulated activation of glutamate-AMPA receptors–Akt/mTOR pathway, and decreased expression of Rho GTPases (RhoA and RhoC), all of which contributed to glioblastoma cell apoptosis and autophagy. Therefore, this synthetic glycans proved its potential as a reliable anticancer agent against this malignant brain cancer. However, further clinical experiments are still needed.
[the_background] => Glioblastoma is the most aggressive form of cancer of the central nervous system, mainly attacking the brain. The poor survival rate and ineffectiveness of existing surgical and radiation therapies urge neuroscience experts to improve the treatment for this lethal brain cancer. Previous studies on chemically synthesized glycans have shown promising anticancer properties in animal and human cancer cells of the digestive system. This study aimed to further explore the clinical potential of synthetic glycans to induce programmed cell death in human glioblastoma cells and mouse models. By understanding the biological mechanism causing the termination of glioblastoma cell growth, novel strategies and anticancer drugs could be designed to improve the prognosis.
[the_sdg_impact] => It is part of the vision of the United Nations, stated explicitly under its SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being, to reduce premature mortality rate and support the development of drug discovery against diseases like cancer. Since the brain and other nervous system cancer is the 10th leading cause of fatality among men and women worldwide, new strategies and treatments must be developed to increase survival rates. As glycotherapy continues to inspire numerous advancements in cancer therapy, this study revealed the potential role of synthetic glycans in the fight against glioblastoma.
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.35841/biomedicalresearch.30-19-257
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[publication_title] => Enhanced expression of proapoptotic and autophagic proteins involved in the cell death of glioblastoma induced by synthetic glycans
[journal_title] => Journal of Neurosurgery
[publisher] => JNS
[year] => June 2014
[subject] => Neurosurgery
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[post_date] => 2020-10-22 15:20:10
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[post_title] => Role of Melatonin in Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis
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[researchers_name] => TANG, Chih‐Hsin (湯智昕)
[researchers_position] => Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taiwan
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[research_footprints] => Tumor Necrosis Factor‐α;; TNF‐α; Arthritis; miR‐3150a‐3p; Rheumatoid Arthritis; Collagen‐induced Arthritis; IL‐1β; PI3K; Melatonin; T Helper
[graphic_abstract] =>
[video] => https://www.youtube.com/embed/J1RpmQy9cyc
[the_novelty] => This research provided evidence that melatonin improves rheumatoid arthritis (RA) conditions when tested on the CIA mouse model. Depending on the dose administered, melatonin was able to inhibit cytokines, specifically tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-1β expression, which causes inflammation. This attributes to the melatonin’s ability to downregulate three different signaling pathways, mainly, PI3K/AKT, ERK, and NF-κB. Through computational prediction software, this study identified that melatonin was also capable of upregulating the miR-3150s-3p expression. The increased expression of this microRNA led to the reduction of TNF-α and IL-1β production, eventually portraying anti-inflammatory properties in RA-induced CIA mice.
[the_background] => Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common inflammatory joint disorder caused by an auto-immune condition that leads to joint destruction and disability if left untreated. The existing RA drugs in the market, though target cytokines responsible for inflammation and progression of RA, are still not beneficial to some RA patients, while many eventually experience ineffectiveness in treatment over time. A hormone called melatonin exhibited promising traits in suppressing inflammatory biological pathways, intriguing many researchers to explore its properties as potential RA treatment further. This study was able to justify the positive effects of melatonin in inhibiting cartilage degradation and bone erosion at a molecular level. Apart from that, this study also established a positive connection between a specific microRNA expression induced by melatonin and the signaling pathways causing RA progression. The outcome of this study proved that melatonin has the potential to be used as adjuvant therapy for RA treatment. However, further clinical investigations are required.
[the_sdg_impact] => According to the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) Study, in 2017, approximately 20 million patients were said to be living with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with an annual diagnosis of over a million new cases. WHO categorizes rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as a chronic musculoskeletal disease, which could lead to immense pain, deformity, and disability. Alarmingly, if left untreated, almost 50% of the RA patients are unable to maintain employment. In alignment with Goal 3 of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals, Good health and well-being, this study provides an opportunity to improve the healthcare services by providing adequate medical treatment for those suffering from RA. Also, this study could potentially reduce the prevalence of disability and discomfort caused by RA, thus promoting a better quality of life and mental well-being.
[article_url] => https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jpi.12560
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1111/jpi.12560
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[publication_title] => Melatonin attenuates TNF-α and IL-1β expression in synovial fibroblasts and diminishes cartilage degradation: Implications for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
[journal_title] => Journal of Pineal Research
[publisher] => Wiley
[year] => January 2019
[subject] => Medical; Pharmacology
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[post_date] => 2020-10-22 15:17:35
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[post_title] => Role of HLA-B27 Activation in Spinal Deformation
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[post_name] => role-of-hla-b27-activation-in-spinal-deformation
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[researchers_name] => HUNG, Shih-Chieh (洪世杰)
[researchers_position] => Integrative Stem Cell Center, Department of Orthopedics, China Medical University Hospital, Taiwan
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[research_footprints] => Spliced X-box–binding Protein 1; RARBtissue-nonspecific Alkaline Phosphatase; Spondylitis; Bone-specific TNAP; Human Leukocyte Antigen-B27; Ankylosing Spondylitis; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Bone Marrow; as msc
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/ga2-1024x377-1.png
[video] => https://www.youtube.com/embed/HwW7rcy4mPQ
[the_novelty] => This research reveals that human leukocyte antigen-B27 (HLA-B27) misfolding activates pathways such as p-IRE1/sXBP1/RARB/TNAP within the enthesis (ligament and bone connective tissue) that lead to the development of syndesmophyte (bone) formation in ankylosing spondylitis mesenchymal stem cells (AS MSCs). Targeting these pathways helps identify strategies to block unfavorable bone formation. The dual effect of pamidronate, which blocks mineralization and inhibits bony placement, could potentially be used in drug therapies to prevent spinal fusion and osteoporosis. A novel animal-based model that mimics the bony placement developed in this research is suggested as a more suitable platform for future drug testing. Furthermore, it is proven that serum BAP levels are potential biomarkers for the identification of high-risk AS patients predisposed to radiography progression, and TNAP inhibitors could be utilized in bony outgrowth prevention.
[the_background] => Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an inflammatory disease that causes the fusion of small bones in the spine resulting in a forward-hunched posture. The association of the development of AS ties closely with HLA-B27. Treatment options available currently treat inflammation but do not entirely stop unfavorable bone formation. Factors such as minimal understanding of stromal activation, limited access to drug screening, and unavailability of biomarkers to identify high-risk patients are reasons for the limited treatment options available in the market. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from the connective tissues of ligaments and bones of AS patients reveal a pathway relevant to the syndesmophyte growth in AS patients, which could be explored to determine drug treatment options. In a clinical setting, by working on the serum from AS patients, this study explores the possibility of utilizing serum TNAP levels as a biomarker to identify high-risk patients. Findings of the research show HLA-B27 as a mediator of AS, opening up new strategies to further develop novel and effective AS therapy.
[the_sdg_impact] => According to data published in BMC Rheumatology, the prevalence rate for AS doubled from the year 2006 to 2016. Its prevalence is higher among men compared to women and is said to show signs and symptoms during early adulthood. The progression of this illness clearly poses a threat to presume a normal lifestyle, especially concerning employment and mobility. The establishment of the role of HLA-B27 associated with ankylosing spondylitis aligns with Goal 3: Good health and well-being of Sustainable Development Goals. By studying the genome-wide association, more effective treatments and prevention methods could be developed through bioengineering, ultimately improving the quality of life of those suffering from AS.
[article_url] => https://www.jci.org/articles/view/125212
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10197-x
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[publication_title] => HLA-B27–mediated activation of TNAP phosphatase promotes pathogenic syndesmophyte formation in ankylosing spondylitis
[journal_title] => Journal of Clinical Investigation
[publisher] => JCI
[year] => November 2019
[subject] => Medical
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[post_title] => Role of Glutathione Peroxidase 8 (GPx8) against Colon Ulcers (Colitis)
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[researchers_name] => LEE, Wen-Hwa (李文華)
[researchers_position] => Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taiwan
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[researchers_name_2] => HSU, Jye-Lin (徐婕琳)
[researchers_position_2] => Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taiwan
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[research_footprints] => Macrophages; Glutathione Peroxidase 8; Inflammasome; Colitis; Glutathione Peroxidase; Non-canonical Inflammasome; Bone Marrow-derived Macrophages; E. Colicaspase-4; Canonical Inflammasome; Dextran Sulfate Sodium
[graphic_abstract] =>
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[the_novelty] => This research provided evidence that glutathione peroxidase 8 (GPx8) protects the colon lining from inflammation by inhibiting caspase-4/11 activity in mice. The disulfide bonding of GPx8 onto the caspase-4/11 restrains the non-canonical inflammasome pathway during increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in cells. In the absence of GPx8, colitis and endotoxic shock were observed along with a mass depletion of the gut microbiome as a result of caspase 4/11 over-expression. By treating the GPx8-deficient mice with a strong antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), or a caspase-4 inhibitor, VX-765, the progression of colitis was suppressed. Since samples from patients with colitis showed a decreased level of GPx8 in their macrophages and increased expression of caspase-4, the results of this research could be used to develop an effective drug to treat colitis.
[the_background] => Colitis is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes inflammation in the colon lining. It is a result of an excessive expression of caspase-4/11 by the host in which the primary target should be against bacterial infection. With that being said, the association of caspase-4/11 activation in the progression of IBD remained unknown. This study showed the correlation between GPx8, an antioxidant gene, and the caspase-4/11 signaling pathway in response to ROS that contributed to the development of the disease. Though NAC has shown positive results in inhibiting ROS generation, the complexity of ROS functional mechanisms makes it an impossible choice to combat IBD. However, the establishment of the link between GPx8 and caspase-4/11 promises a therapeutic breakthrough that solely targets the non-canonical inflammasome pathway in patients with colitis.
[the_sdg_impact] => According to the Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation, an estimated 1.6 to 3.1 million Americans suffer from IBD, a disease commonly found in western and developed nations. With such concerning prevalence rate, the actual cause or even cure to this disease is yet to be found. The effects, however, threaten the quality of life as a whole, including reduced ability to work, social stigmatization, difficulty with physical intimacy, etc. In line with Goal 3 of Sustainable Development Goal, Good health and well-being, this research provides an insight into the molecular cause of colitis and a potential treatment targeting the biological pathways involved in the development of the disease. Thus, reducing the chances of premature mortality and promoting mental health and well-being for those suffering from this disease.
[article_url] => https://www.embopress.org/doi/full/10.15252/emmm.201809386
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.15252/emmm.201809386
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[publication_title] => Glutathione peroxidase 8 negatively regulates caspase‐4/11 to protect against colitis
[journal_title] => Embo Molecular Medicine
[publisher] => Embo Press
[year] => January 2020
[subject] => Medical; Biomedical Science; Drug Development
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[post_title] => Role of Fibroblast in the Growth of Uterine Cancer Cells
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[researchers_name] => CHUNG, Ivy
[researchers_position] => University of Malaya | UM · Department of Pharmacology
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[research_footprints] => Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; Fetal Bovine serum; Fibroblast Cell; MAPK; Cancer-associated Fibroblasts; Cell Proliferation; Cell line; Endometrial Cancer; Endometrial Hyperplasia
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/ivy.png
[video] => https://www.youtube.com/embed/mezfP7eP5YY
[the_novelty] => This is a preliminary study to prove that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) increase the growth of endometrial cancer cells. Unlike normal fibroblasts, it is identified that PI3K/Akt and MAPK/Erk pathways in endometrial cancer cells are significantly activated in the presence of CAFs-treated cells. The activation of communication pathways between cancerous cells indirectly encouraging the growth of these cancerous cells. Results show that the inhibition of these CAFs disrupt cell growth and may eventually restrain the spread of cancerous cells. This benefits scientists and clinicians worldwide in improving therapies not only for uterine cancer but also for other types of cancer.
[the_background] => The focus of drug development in cancer treatment has always been on the eradication of cancer cells in the body. However, little research is being done on preventing the spread of cancer cells. The discovery of the role of fibroblasts in the survival and growth of endometrial cancer cells enables the development of drugs that inhibits the metastasis of cancer cells. Unlike current available treatment, drugs can be developed to target only malignant cells while preserving normal tissues and the womb indirectly increasing survival rate.
[the_sdg_impact] => Endometrial cancer has been on the rise due to various factors such as obesity and unopposed hormone usage. Being the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer among women globally, the treatment for early detection is usually surgery. Current treatments are focused on reducing the chances of surgery and preserving the womb. The understanding of the interaction and cellular processes between cancer cells is important as it can guide new development of therapy which minimizes the negative effects of surgery and existing treatments. In line with UN’s third Sustainable Development Goal, this finding could drastically improve the quality of life for many patients as the possibility of non-invasive treatments not only aids in the cure of the disease but also maintains their general well-being.
[article_url] => https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0068923
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0068923
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[publication_title] => Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Promote Proliferation of Endometrial Cancer Cells
[journal_title] => PLOS ONE
[publisher] => Public Library of Science
[year] => July 2013
[subject] => Biochemistry and Cell Biology; Oncology and Carcinogenesis
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[ID] => 20343
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[post_date] => 2020-10-22 15:06:40
[post_date_gmt] => 2020-10-22 15:06:40
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[post_title] => Role of Dental Pulp Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Bone Formation and Tumor Development
[post_excerpt] =>
[post_status] => publish
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[post_name] => role-of-dental-pulp-mesenchymal-stem-cells-in-bone-formation-and-tumor-development
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[researchers_name] => HUNG, Shih-Chieh (洪世杰)
[researchers_position] => Integrative Stem Cell Center, Department of Orthopedics, China Medical University Hospital, Taiwan
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[research_footprints] => Pten Expression; dp msc; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog; Reverse Transcription; DP-MSC; Lineage Commitment; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; DNA (cytosine-5) Methyltransferase; Stem Cell; bm msc; BM-MSC
[graphic_abstract] =>
[video] => https://www.youtube.com/embed/rHjG8yykcr0
[the_novelty] => This research provided the first evidence of the role of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression in lineage commitment and tumor development in human adult stem cells. It revealed that the regulation of G9a/DNMT3B/PTEN/AKT pathways contributed to the reprogramming of human adult stem cell differentiation potential. A higher PTEN expression in dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells (DP-MSCs) than in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) potentially improved bone formation, and reduced fats and tumor formation. This is a result of IGF-2-mediated signals inhibition, which in turn modulates insulin signaling and AKT activation. Besides, this study also proved that by reducing the expression of DNA-methyltransferase 3 beta (DNMT3B), BM-MSCs could be converted into DP-MSCs. Thus, improving the chances of clinical application when it comes to dental regeneration.
[the_background] => Adult stem cells regulated by genetic and microenvironment factors are cellular sources of cancer. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), though isolated from different tissues, like bone marrow (BM-MSCs) and dental pulp (DP-MSCs), are known to exhibit cellular and molecular similarities. Though there has been proof from recent studies that these cells do have varied differentiation and tumor formation potentials, the system that regulates these processes remain unclear. PTEN, formerly known as a tumor suppressor and recently claimed to drive bone malignancy, modulates cell functions, including cell differentiation and proliferation. However, its roles in regulating the lineage commitment and tumor formation in DP-MSCs and BM-MSCs are largely unknown. This research was able to establish novel functional signatures between both DP-MSCs and BM-MSCs by studying the fat formation mechanism and tumor development potential in DP-MSCs. By providing an in-depth understanding of such biological behaviors, this research proves to be of great value in exploring regenerative medicine, dentistry, tissue engineering, and future therapeutic stem cell technology development.
[the_sdg_impact] => With so many controversies surrounding the usage of embryonic stem cells in the development of regenerative medicine, research on adult stem cells could be the healthcare future that we seek. Nevertheless, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) extraction of the dental pulp is less invasive than that of bone marrow. The role of DP-MSCs in suppressing tumor growth that has been proven in this research aligns perfectly with the objectives of Goal 3: Good health and well-being of Sustainable Development Goal. By providing the evidence and insight into the biological mechanisms involved in reducing the potential of bone malignancy, this research could potentially reduce the premature mortality rate among cancer patients by advancing stem cell therapy. Therefore, paving a pathway to revolutionize regenerative medicine and improve the quality of life for those seeking treatment.
[article_url] => https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-10197-x
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10197-x
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[publication_title] => Methylation and PTEN Activation in Dental Pulp Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promotes Osteogenesis and Reduces Oncogenesis
[journal_title] => Nature Communications
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => May 2019
[subject] => Medical; Orthopedics
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[post_date] => 2020-10-22 15:04:19
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[post_title] => Role of Cystathionine 𝛾-lyase in Prostate Cancer Progression
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[post_name] => role-of-cystathionine-y-lyase-in-prostate-cancer-progression
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[researchers_name] => WANG, Lu-Hai (王陸海)
[researchers_position] => Chinese Medicine Research Center, Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taiwan
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/lu-hai-wang.jpg
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[research_footprints] => Interleukin 1 beta; Pc Progression; nf κb; Prostate Cancer; Cell Invasion; Metastasis; Cystathionine γ-lyase; γ lyase; Pc Metastasis; Cystathionine
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GA65.jpg
[video] => https://www.youtube.com/embed/JOkOiFEERUY
[the_novelty] => A potential therapeutic target for prostate cancer (PC) metastasis was found using hydrogen sulphide (H₂S) and its enzyme, cystathionine 𝛾-lyase (CTH). The study showed CTH expression stimulated cell invasion and migration, but treatment with H₂S resulted in only cell invasion. The enzyme activity of CTH also resulted in nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-𝜅B) translocation causing an increase in interleukin 1 beta (IL-1b) expression and H₂S-induced cell invasion. The study identified the role of H₂S in blood vessel formation (angiogenesis). In some cells, CTH knockdown controlled tumor growth and spread from the primary location, whereas CTH overexpression increased tumor growth and spread to the lymph nodes in mouse models. The study suggests potential mechanisms where CTH/H₂S assists PC metastasis by promoting lymphatic vessels formation from existing lymphatic vessels. Overall, results show evidence of CTH and H₂S involvement in PC progression and metastasis through different channels.
[the_background] => Prostate cancer (PC) is most prevalent among men and occurs in the prostate. Most deaths from PC are linked with bone metastasis when the cancer spreads to the bone. Current treatments only prevent pain and complications. H₂S is a signaling molecule produced from enzymes such as CTH that contribute to tumor maturation in various cancers through a series of processes. NF-𝜅B activation has shown positive results suggesting a dominant role in PC metastasis development. The study investigated the relationship between CTH and H₂S in PC progression and metastasis and found that H₂S levels increased with the expression of CTH, causing activation of NF-𝜅B mediated signaling on cysteine-38 of the NF-𝜅B subunit. It was seen that the H₂S-producing enzyme, CTH level, was increased in bone metastatic PC cells. The presence of CTH and H₂S contributes to therapeutic mechanisms to intervene in PC progression and metastasis.
[the_sdg_impact] => According to the American Cancer Society, prostate cancer is the sixth leading cause of death by cancer in men worldwide. In the United States, an estimated 191,930 men are to be diagnosed with it in 2020 alone. Although the death rate has decreased over the past few years, the cancer is incurable. By identifying mechanisms and signaling molecules that could produce more advanced treatment options, it aligns with goal 3: Good Health and Well-being of Sustainable Development Goal. The study improves the chances of reducing the mortality rate from a non-communicable disease like prostate cancer through treatment and prevention strategies.
[article_url] => https://www.embopress.org/doi/full/10.15252/embr.201845986
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.15252/embr.201845986
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[publication_title] => Dysregulation of cystathionine 𝛾-lyase promotes prostate cancer progression and metastasis
[journal_title] => Journal of EMBO Reports
[publisher] => EMBO Press
[year] => August 2019
[subject] => Medical
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