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[post_title] => Innovative Neutronics Modeling to Maximize Plutonium-238 Output
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[post_title] => Advancing Nuclear Physics with the Statistical Theory of Light Nucleus Reaction
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[researchers_name] => Sun, Xiao-jun
[researchers_position] => College of Physics, Guanxi Normal University, China
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[research_footprints] => Statistical theory of light nucleus reaction, p+6Li reaction, Light composite charged particle, Double-differential cross-sections, Two-body breakup, Three-body breakup
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[the_novelty] => This research introduces a statistical theory of light nucleus reaction (STLN) for calculating double-differential cross-sections of outgoing neutrons and light charged particles in the p+6Li reaction. Utilizing the unified Hauser–Feshbach and exciton models, it showcases a significant advancement in scientists’ ability to describe particle emission processes accurately, including energy, angular momentum, and parity conservations. The study successfully demonstrates the difference in reaction dynamics between p+6Li and p+7Li, identifying pre-equilibrium emission as the dominant reaction mechanism and revealing the impact of contamination on the accuracy of nuclear data. With the development of the PLUNF code for generating ENDF-6 formatted data, this work opens new avenues for nuclear physics research, promising enhanced predictive capabilities and refined nuclear databases for future scientific and technological advancements.
[the_background] => Nuclear reactions involving lithium isotopes, particularly those induced by nucleons, are of paramount importance for a spectrum of applications, ranging from nuclear energy production to astrophysics. Despite the crucial role these reactions play, the accurate prediction and analysis of nuclear data, especially double-differential cross-sections, have been hampered by limitations in existing theoretical frameworks and a scarcity of comprehensive experimental data. Previous models have struggled to accurately account for the complex particle emission processes that occur in these reactions, leading to gaps in our understanding and inaccuracies in nuclear databases. This research addresses these challenges by introducing a computational model known as the statistical theory of light nucleus reaction (STLN). The approach is designed to overcome the shortcomings of previous studies by providing a more precise calculation of double-differential cross-sections for outgoing neutrons and light charged particles in the p+6Li reaction. This theory not only fills a significant gap in nuclear physics research but also offers a sophisticated solution to the longstanding issue of accurately modeling nuclear reactions.
[the_sdg_impact] => Statistics reveal a pressing global challenge: energy consumption is projected to grow by nearly 50% by 2050, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration. The escalating demand underscores the urgent need for innovative solutions in energy production that are both sustainable and efficient. This research on the statistical theory of light nucleus reaction (STLN) for p+6Li reactions directly contributes to Sustainable Development Goal 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) by paving the way for advancements in nuclear energy technologies. Furthermore, the implications of this research extend to Sustainable Development Goal 13 (Climate Action), as it provides a foundation for the development of energy solutions that can mitigate the impact of climate change.
[article_url] => https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-024-01541-y
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[publication_title] => Correction to: Theoretical analysis of the double-differential cross-sections of neutron, proton, deuteron,
[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
[publisher] => SpringerNature
[year] => 2024
[subject] => Nuclear Physics
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[post_title] => Making Geological Nuclear Measurement Faster and More Accurate
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[research_footprints] => Nuclear measurement, Fast forward computation, Volumetric constraints
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[the_novelty] => This research introduces a Fast Forward Computational Method (FFCM) for nuclear measurement, marking a significant progress in computational in-situ models for geological environments. By integrating volumetric detection constraints, this novel computational method significantly enhances the speed and accuracy of detector responses in complex geological settings. The FFCM has been rigorously tested and verified using a neutron porosity tool, demonstrating a maximum relative error of just 6.80% compared to traditional Monte Carlo simulations, with the added advantage of real-time application capabilities. It performs these calculations in less than a second, thereby meeting the real-time application requirements for field use. This innovation not only showcases a leap forward in nuclear measurement techniques but also opens the door for future advancements in real-time geological analysis and broader application in complex environmental conditions.
[the_background] => As the exploration and development of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs become increasingly vital to meeting global energy demands, accurate reservoir evaluation faces significant challenges due to the complex lithologies and environmental conditions present. Traditional nuclear measurement tools, while crucial, often fall short in providing accurate formation information due to these complexities. The limitations of existing methods, including the need for multiple tools and the heavy reliance on operator expertise, have highlighted a significant gap in efficient and reliable reservoir characterization. The thesis of this research proposes a novel solution to these challenges by introducing a Fast Forward Computational Method (FFCM) that incorporates volumetric detection constraints for optimizing detector response models. This approach represents a significant leap forward, offering a more accurate, efficient, and cost-effective method for nuclear measurement in complex reservoirs.
[the_sdg_impact] => In the quest to harness energy resources more efficiently and sustainably, the latest advancements in nuclear measurement techniques come as a beacon of innovation in addressing the critical need for improved exploration and extraction methodologies. This research directly contributes to Sustainable Development Goal 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) by enabling more efficient petroleum extraction processes, which can reduce environmental impacts and improve the affordability of energy resources. Additionally, it supports Sustainable Development Goal 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure) by fostering innovation in the energy sector's infrastructure, promoting sustainable industrialization.
[article_url] => https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-024-01393-6
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[publication_title] => A fast forward computational method for nuclear measurement using volumetric detection constraints
[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
[publisher] => SpringerNature
[year] => 2024
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[post_title] => Nondestructive Neutron Techniques boosts Material Research and Preservation
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[researchers_name] => Tang, Shengda
[researchers_position] => Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering & Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, China
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[research_footprints] => CSNS, white neutron beam, NRTA, nuclide identification, nondestructive method
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[the_novelty] => This research introduces the test experiments for the feasibility study, showcasing the effective use of Neutron Resonance Transmission Analysis (NRTA) at the CSNS Back-n facility. The study's major achievement lies in its confirmation that NRTA can accurately identify a range of nuclides, including 16O, 28Si, 27Al, 54Fe, 56Fe, 24Mg, and 23Na in a simulated lunar soil sample, and 63Cu, 65Cu, 16O, 28Si, 56Fe, 40Ca, and 23Na in an underwater relic. This approach leverages the broad energy spectrum of neutrons (from eV to 300 MeV) available at Back-n, a notable advancement in nondestructive material analysis. The success of this study not only establishes the effectiveness of the NRTA method in identifying these specific isotopes with high precision but also sets the stage for future research and applications in diverse fields, potentially improving the way materials are analyzed.
[the_background] => Neutron techniques, especially those using neutron resonance analysis (NRA), have long been recognized for their ability to analyze material compositions nondestructively. NRTA, an option of NRA method, uses the neutron transmission spectrum to interrogate the isotopic composition of objects. NRTA highly prefers a wide neutron beam because wider energy range means more detectable isotopes. The introduction of the NRTA method at the Back-n facility gives full play to its wide energy spectrum, from eV to 300 MeV. The study's thesis revolves around harnessing the unique properties of Back-n to enhance the NRTA method, thereby offering a more comprehensive and non-invasive approach to material analysis.
[the_sdg_impact] => The urgency to develop technologies that support sustainable practices while preserving cultural and historical artifacts has never been more pronounced. The successful implementation of Neutron Resonance Transmission Analysis (NRTA), a nondestructive technique, at China Spallation Neutron Source’s Back-n facility is meaningful to scientific research across multiple disciplines. This advancement comes at a critical time when the global emphasis on sustainable industrial processes and cultural heritage preservation is at an all-time high. This research directly contributes to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure) by promoting innovative technological development in industrial processes. Additionally, the study significantly aligns with SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), particularly in its implications for cultural heritage preservation.
[article_url] => https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-024-01367-8
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[publication_title] => Nondestructive technique for identifying nuclides using neutron resonance transmission analysis at CSNS Back-n
[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
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[year] => 2024
[subject] => Nuclear Physics
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[post_title] => Particle Patterns in Asymmetric Collisions: A Tsallis Thermodynamics Approach
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[researchers_name] => Zheng, Hua
[researchers_position] => School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaaxi Normal University, China
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[research_footprints] => Tsallis thermodynamics, Fireball model, Pseudo-rapidity distribution, Heavy-ion collisions, Charged particles
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[the_novelty] => In analyzing collisions like Au and 3He+Au at √sNN = 200 GeV, this research uncovered the robust capability of fireball model (based on Tsallis thermodynamics) to forecast and interpret patterns of particles emerging from the collisions. This computational approach not only captured the essence of charged particle behaviors in these collisions but also affirmed its applicability when extended to different collision scenarios such as d+Au at √sNN = 200 GeV and p+Pb at √sNN = 5.02 TeV. The findings offer a promising and universal framework for understanding a variety of collision systems. As its versatility and accuracy become evident, the future might see this model as a cornerstone in deciphering more complex collision dynamics.
[the_background] => High-energy heavy-ion collisions serve as a window into understanding the very origins of our universe. In simple terms, these are like powerful fireworks on a microscopic scale. However, there's a challenge: the actual processes of these collisions cannot be observed directly. Instead, scientists examine the end results, specifically the patterns of the particles that emerge. Over time, various models have been developed to explain these patterns, yet each had its limitations and could not capture every detail. A recent approach, the fireball model based on a concept called Tsallis thermodynamics, has been spotlighted for its potential. This paper's thesis is to further validate this fireball model, especially for a kind of collision where the two colliding entities are not identical, termed as "asymmetric" collisions. By doing so, the researchers aim to provide a more comprehensive tool that can describe these collision aftermaths better than ever before, filling the gaps left by prior models.
[the_sdg_impact] => Advancements in fundamental research play a pivotal role in shaping the future of education and innovation on a global scale. With a rapidly changing global landscape, advancing our grasp on fundamental sciences becomes ever more critical. This research is contributing directly to the SDG of Quality Education (UNSDG 4) for highlighting the importance of advanced learning and the role of innovative scientific research. Additionally, by pushing the boundaries of scientific discovery, this research aligns with Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure (UNSDG 9).
[article_url] => https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-023-01334-9
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[publication_title] => Pseudo-rapidity distributions of charged particles in asymmetric collisions using Tsallis thermodynamics
[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
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[year] => 2023
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[post_title] => Cracking the Code of Nuclear Reactor Physics with Advanced Machine Learning Models
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[researchers_position_2] => School of Mathematics, Sichuan University, China
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[research_footprints] => Neural network, Reactor physics, Neutron diffusion equation, Eigenvalue problem, Inverse power method
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[the_novelty] => This study introduces two robust neural network models, namely Generalized Inverse Power Method Neural Network (GIPMNN) and Physics-Constrained GIPMNN (PC-GIPMNN), tailored to solve the K-eigenvalue problems inherent in neutron diffusion theory, which is a cornerstone in nuclear reactor physics. Falling under the domain of "Analysis and Application of Machine Learning Algorithms, this research led to the integration of nuclear engineering and advanced applied mathematics. Through a computational (in-situ) model, the study embarks on a comparative journey revealing that the PC-GIPMNN significantly outshines both GIPMNN and the existing deep learning methods for eigenvalue problem especially in managing two-dimensional scenarios and interface problems. The key findings underscore PC-GIPMNN's superior accuracy and stability in tackling these problems, making it a promising asset for complex nuclear engineering computations. This advancement opens up a promising avenue for further enhancements in machine learning applications within nuclear reactor physics, aiming to bring about a new era of efficiency and precision in nuclear energy simulations.
[the_background] => At the core of nuclear reactor physics lies the K-eigenvalue problem, a fundamental challenge essential for simulating and analyzing nuclear reactors. In simpler terms, it's a mathematical hurdle that, when resolved, provides critical insights into the behavior and safety of nuclear reactors. Although having served the field over the years, the conventional numerical methods stumble when faced with high-dimensional problems or demanding high-accuracy results for complex interface eigenvalue problems. The thrust of this study is propelled by these existing limitations, offering a novel solution through the lens of machine learning. The proposed neural network models, GIPMNN and PC-GIPMNN, emerge as a significant stride towards bridging this knowledge gap. By leveraging the prowess of machine learning, these models herald a notable potential in not only addressing the immediate challenges but also setting a precedent for future explorations in nuclear reactor simulations and analysis.
[the_sdg_impact] => According to the International Energy Agency, nuclear power is pivotal in achieving low-carbon electricity generation. The urgency to improve the efficiency and accuracy in nuclear reactor simulations is a stepping stone towards a sustainable energy future. This research resonates profoundly with Sustainable Development Goal 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) by pushing the boundaries in nuclear reactor physics through machine learning, aiming to enhance the efficiency and safety of nuclear energy. Furthermore, the potential of this research in fostering innovation aligns with Goal 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure), paving the way for digital transformations in nuclear engineering.
[article_url] => https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-023-01313-0
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[publication_title] => Physics-constrained neural network for solving discontinuous interface K-eigenvalue problem with application to reactor physics
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[year] => 2023
[subject] => Nuclear Physics
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[post_title] => From Pixels to Precision: The Hi'CT System's Quest for More Accurate Cancer Therapy
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[researchers_name] => Zhao, Chenxin
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[research_footprints] => Heavy-Ion Imaging, Computed Tomography, Silicon Pixel Detectors, Monte Carlo, Phantoms, Radiotherapy, Image-guided, Tracking
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[the_novelty] => This study conceptually designed and evaluated a compact full digital Heavy-Ion Computed Tomography (Hi’CT) system in a Geant4 based simulated environment. Utilizing an in-situ computational model, the Hi’CT system employs silicon pixel sensors within a micron level pixel pitch size to record and reconstruct the individual paths of carbon ions. The results achieve less than 1% deviation in Relative Stopping Power (RSP) and better image quality of CATPHAN phantoms. Furthermore, the tracking algorithm is developed as part of this system, which achieved a 20% modulation transfer function (MTF) normalization value of CTP528 imaging results at 5 lp/cm. The Hi'CT system also proposes a rapid imaging algorithm that does not require tracking process, shortening the image reconstruction time. Fast acquisition of carbon ion CT images facilitates fast patient positioning verification. By applying two dedicated algorithms, this system was tested with CATPHAN 600-series phantoms. The results fulfill the clinical requirements of distance-to-agreement (DTA) <1% in proton or heavy-ion therapy, and the density resolution can be down to 10.5%. In the future, by directly utilizing the clinical beam for imaging and employing a compact fully digital design, Hi’CT can be integrated into compact treatment room. The real-time imaging capability reduces target deviations caused by organ or respiratory movement, achieving optimized treatment effectiveness and improved quality of life for patients.
[the_background] => Particle therapy, involving heavy-ion and proton therapies, has become a progressively advanced, safe, and promising avenue in cancer treatment. Despite the fact that heavy-ions have the advantage of higher relative biological effectiveness, accurately predicting the range of ions in tissues has been a long-standing challenge. This is crucial for precise dose delivery in heavy-ion radiotherapy. Current methods of making treatment plan, relying on converting X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) HU value into Relative Stopping Power (RSP) of heavy ions, which led to inevitable range uncertainties. These uncertainties necessitate the use of "safety margins" in treatment planning and this potentially exposes normal tissues to excessive radiation doses. Therefore, this study proposed a novel method, the Heavy-Ion Computed Tomography (Hi’CT) system, to resolve this problem. By using silicon pixel sensors to track the path of individual carbon ions, this technological breakthrough has the potential to significantly improve the accuracy and safety of particle therapy (heavy-ion radiotherapy), reducing the risks associated with irradiation to normal tissues.
[the_sdg_impact] => According to the published data of World Health Organization (WHO), cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, accounting for nearly 10 million deaths in 2020. The introduction of the Hi’CT system can be part of the solution which directly addresses this global health crisis by enhancing the effectiveness of cancer treatments and reducing unwanted side effects. This research is in alignment with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3: "Good Health and Well-being", particularly targeting Indicator 3.4.1 - reducing premature mortality from non-communicable diseases through prevention and treatment. Furthermore, the development and implementation of the Hi’CT system also cater to SDG 9: "Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure", fostering technological advancements in the medical field.
[article_url] => https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-023-01251-x
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[publication_title] => Hi'CT: a pixel sensor-based device for ion tomography
[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
[publisher] => SpringerNature
[year] => 2023
[subject] => Medical; Cancer; Tomography
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[post_title] => Advanced Tool for Nuclear Data Management and Analysis
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[researchers_name] => Shi, Jin-Yang
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[researchers_position_2] => Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, China
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[research_footprints] => Nucleus++, Nuclear physics properties, NUBASE, AME, Nuclear science, Software design
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[the_novelty] => This research presents Nucleus++, an advanced tool that significantly enhances nuclear data analysis by integrating two critical databases, NUBASE and the Atomic Mass Evaluation (AME). This software provides users with unparalleled access to comprehensive information on nuclear properties and atomic masses through a unified interface. Moreover, it allows researchers to efficiently compare experimental nuclear masses with predictions from various theoretical models. Key findings reveal that Nucleus++ improves data search efficiency and transparency, making it easier to trace the origin of mass measurements and validate experimental results. With its user-friendly interface, the tool simplifies access to complex nuclear data, accelerating research processes. Nucleus++ is adaptable for different operating systems including Windows, macOS, Android, and iOS. Future expansions of Nucleus++ are planned to include nuclear spectroscopic data, which will broaden its applicability in fields like nuclear structure, reactions, and astrophysics.
[the_background] => In nuclear science, accurate and comprehensive data are essential for research and applications, ranging from fundamental physics to energy technology. Existing web-based tools, such as NuDat and the Live Chart of Nuclides, provide access to nuclear structure and decay data but create a gap in the efficient and offline access to nuclear data, hindering timely analysis and decision-making. The aim of this research is to introduce Nucleus++, a new cross-platform software designed to overcome these challenges by integrating data from NUBASE and Atomic Mass Evaluation (AME). Nucleus++ enhances data accessibility, usability, and analysis speed, solving the problems posed by web-based tools. Its impact is significant, as it improves the way researchers access and interpret nuclear data, allowing for faster, more reliable analysis that meets the evolving needs of the nuclear research community.
[the_sdg_impact] => As of 2021, nuclear energy accounts for around 10% of global electricity production, playing a key role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, according to the International Energy Agency (IEA). However, advancing nuclear technology requires improved access to accurate and comprehensive nuclear data, which Nucleus++ aims to address. Nucleus++ supports nuclear science by improving the efficiency, transparency, and usability of nuclear data analysis, which is crucial for advancing nuclear energy technologies (UNSDG 7.1). Reliable and efficient nuclear energy, as a low-carbon energy source, plays a significant role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and meeting global clean energy needs. By enhancing nuclear data access, the software indirectly promotes the optimization of nuclear energy, aiding in the development of more sustainable and safe nuclear energy solutions (UNSDG 7.a). The development of Nucleus++ contributes to innovation in nuclear data analysis, facilitating advancements in nuclear science. By providing a unified platform for mass evaluation and nuclear property analysis, the tool enhances the efficiency of research and enables better technological solutions. This fosters innovation in nuclear infrastructure and the energy sector, contributing to more effective research and development efforts (UNSDG 9.5).
[article_url] => https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-024-01563-6
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[publication_title] => Nucleus++: a new tool bridging Ame and Nubase for advancing nuclear data analysis
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[year] => 2024
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[post_title] => Novel Approaches in Superheavy Nuclei Synthesis
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[researchers_name] => Zhang, Feng-Shou
[researchers_position] => School of Physics and Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, China
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[researchers_position_2] => School of Physical Science and Teechnology, Guangxi University, China
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[research_footprints] => Superheavy nuclei, Dinuclear system model, Fusion reaction, Double-magic nucleus, Radioactive beam
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[the_novelty] => This research uncovers a promising approach to synthesizing the elusive superheavy nuclei 298Fl and 304120 based on the theoretical results of a computational model known as the dinuclear system (DNS) model. By employing neutron-rich radioactive beams in fusion reactions, the study demonstrates that the reaction 58Ca + 244Pu is particularly favorable, achieving a maximal evaporation residue (ER) cross section of 0.301 pb for 298Fl. Additionally, the research explores the synthesis of another predicted double-magic nucleus, 304120, through the 58V and 249Bk reaction, although with a much lower ER cross section of 0.046 fb. The research also identifies that the 244Pu target, when combined with specific radioactive projectiles, offers the most promising pathway to reaching the center of "island of stability", a hypothesized region where superheavy nuclei are expected to exhibit long-term stability. These findings pave the way for future experimental efforts to synthesize these nuclei, potentially leading to new discoveries in nuclear physics.
[the_background] => The "island of stability" refers to a theoretical region in the nuclei chart where superheavy nuclei are predicted to have much longer half-lives than those currently known. The "island of stability" concept has been a major focus in nuclear physics since the macroscopic-microscopic model predicted a stable region at Z = 114 and N = 184. Despite the successful synthesis of elements up to Z = 118, the neutron-rich superheavy nuclei remain largely unexplored due to the limitations of past studies, which relied on stable beams in hot fusion reactions. These traditional methods faced significant challenges, such as the scarcity of suitable target materials and the low neutron-to-proton ratios in projectiles. The thesis of this research is to overcome these limitations by utilizing modern radioactive beam technology, which enables the exploration of fusion reactions with neutron-rich radioactive projectiles. The significance of this study lies in its potential to guide future experiments in the synthesis of new double magic nucleus, thus expanding our understanding of nuclear stability.
[the_sdg_impact] => With global energy demand projected to increase by 50% by 2050 (International Energy Agency), there is an urgent need for breakthroughs in nuclear science to develop safer and more efficient energy solutions. This research contributes directly to UNSDG 9 by pushing the boundaries of nuclear physics through the development of new methods for synthesizing superheavy nuclei, which could lead to significant technological innovations. Additionally, understanding nuclear stability at extreme conditions may play a critical role in advancing nuclear energy technologies, thereby supporting UNSDG 7 by promoting sustainable and clean energy solutions for the future. Through these contributions, this study highlights the importance of cutting-edge research in addressing some of the world’s most pressing challenges.
[article_url] => https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-024-01542-x
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[publication_title] => Possibility of reaching the predicted center of the “island of stability” via the radioactive beam-induced fusion reactions
[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
[publisher] => SpringerNature
[year] => 2024
[subject] => Nuclear Physics
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[post_title] => Enhancing Particle Detection: A Novel Approach to Digital Encoding in Physics
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[researchers_position] => School of Eleectronic Information & Electrical Engineering, Changsha University, China
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[researchers_name_2] => Zheng, Hua
[researchers_position_2] => School of Physics & Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, China
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[research_footprints] => Multi-quark state; Encoding mechanism; Constituent quark; Particle physics
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/2023_NST_Article_17_v1-scaled.jpg
[figures] =>
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[the_novelty] => This research presents a particle-encoding mechanism that integrates the quantum properties of particles, focusing on constituent quarks, and facilitates the digital registration and identification of various particle types. Conducted through computational simulations, this study reveals a versatile framework capable of encoding complex multi-quark states with up to nine valence quarks and an angular momentum of up to 99/2. This mechanism seamlessly integrates with existing event generators and digital simulations used in high-energy experiments, offering scalability and adaptability. Future expansions promise to incorporate newly discovered particles and refine the mechanism based on experimental data, ensuring its long-term applicability and relevance.
[the_background] => High-energy heavy ion collision experiments have led to the discovery of numerous particles with distinct quantum properties, requiring accurate identification and classification. Traditional methods, which relied on simplistic classifications and later incorporated quantum numbers, have proven inadequate for the increasing number of new particles sharing similar properties. Existing encoding mechanisms, unable to handle the complexity of multi-quark states, pose challenges for current simulations. The proposed solution in this study is a durable and rational encoding mechanism designed to unify the treatment of normal and exotic hadrons. This mechanism addresses the limitations of past approaches by providing a robust framework that ensures precise and distinguishable encoding of particles, enhancing computational simulations and digital registrations in particle physics.
[the_sdg_impact] => The discovery of numerous new particles in recent years highlights the need for advanced and precise encoding mechanisms in particle physics. This research addresses the urgent requirement for a robust particle-encoding system to support ongoing high-energy physics experiments. The proposed encoding mechanism aligns with several SDGs. It significantly contributes to SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure) by fostering scientific innovation and enhancing research infrastructure for high-energy experiments. Additionally, it supports SDG 4 (Quality Education) by providing a structured framework for particle physics education and research.
[article_url] => https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-024-01537-8
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[publication_title] => A novel encoding mechanism for particle physics
[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
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[year] => 2024
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[post_title] => Novel Insights into Temperature-Dependent Energy Loss in Nucleus Collisions
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[researchers_name] => Xie, Man
[researchers_position] => Institute of Quantum Matter, South China Normal University, China
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[researchers_name_2] => Han, Qing-Fei
[researchers_position_2] => Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, China
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[research_footprints] => Jet quenching, jet transport parameter, hadron suppression, elliptic flow coefficient, energy loss asymmetry.
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/2023_NST_Article_15_v1-scaled.jpg
[figures] =>
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[the_novelty] => This research demonstrates a novel finding in the field of high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions: the jet transport coefficient q^/T3 decreases with increasing medium temperature. Utilizing a next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD model, the study analyzed the nuclear modification factor RAA(pT) and elliptic flow parameter v2(pT) for high transverse momentum hadrons. The main findings indicate that a temperature-dependent q^/T3 leads to a more significant energy loss near the critical temperature Tc, enhancing azimuthal anisotropy for large transverse momentum (pT) hadrons by approximately 10%. This suggests that the jet energy loss mechanism is more sensitive to medium temperature variations than previously thought, providing new insights into the behavior of quark-gluon plasma and paving the way for future research on temperature effects in high-energy collisions.
[the_background] => In high-energy physics, the suppression and azimuthal anisotropy of high transverse momentum (pT) hadrons are key indicators of the presence of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) formed during nucleus-nucleus collisions. When high-energy partons travel through the QGP, they lose energy through gluon radiation, resulting in in production suppression and azimuthal anisotropy of large-pT hadrons, quantified by the nuclear modification factor and elliptic flow coefficient. The azimuthal anisotropy, characterized by the elliptic flow coefficient (v2(pT)), arises from the geometric anisotropy of the initial collision. Previous studies often assumed a constant jet transport coefficient (q^/T3), which limited the accuracy of energy loss and anisotropy predictions. This research addresses the gap by proposing a temperature-dependent q^/T3, either linear or Gaussian, to more accurately reflect the medium's behavior.
[the_sdg_impact] => According to the United Nations, advancements in scientific research are essential for achieving sustainable development goals. Advancements in high-energy physics, such as this study on the temperature dependence of the jet transport coefficient, are crucial for technological innovation and scientific progress. This study contributes to SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure, by enhancing our understanding of fundamental particle interactions. Additionally, the research fosters international collaboration, aligning with SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals, by contributing to a global effort to unveil the complexities of quark-gluon plasma and jet quenching phenomena.
[article_url] => https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-024-01492-4
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[publication_title] => The medium-temperature dependence of jet transport coefficient in high-energy nucleus–nucleus collisions
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[year] => 2024
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[post_title] => Exploring Proton-Rich Nuclei and Their Impact
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[researchers_name] => Fang, De-Qing
[researchers_position] => Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, China
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[researchers_name_2] => Wang, Si-Min
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[research_footprints] => Structure of 18Mg, Two-proton decay, Proton–proton correlation
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[the_novelty] => This study presents an in-depth examination of the ground-state structure and decay mechanism of the extremely proton-rich nuclide 18Mg, utilizing the three-body Gamow-coupled-channel (GCC) computational model. It reveals that the 18Mg nuclide exhibits a unique simultaneous two-proton (2p) emission, a phenomenon critical to understanding the nuclear structure in extreme conditions. The research identified that despite the significant influence of the continuum, the decay process and nucleon-nucleon correlations in 18Mg align well with those observed in other light-mass 2p emitters, thereby providing a consistent behavioral framework across similar nuclear systems. This finding opens avenues for future explorations into nuclear dynamics far from stability, potentially leading to revised models of nuclear decay.
[the_background] => The complex behavior of 18Mg, a nuclide located beyond the proton dripline, is characterized by a significant imbalance in proton-neutron ratios which prompts unusual and rare two-proton (2p) emission events. Previous investigations into such proton-rich environments have been limited, often unable to capture the full scope of decay dynamics due to the complexities associated with the interaction of valence protons and the daughter nucleus. These gaps include a lack of detailed understanding of three-body emissions and the specific decay pathways in environments far from nuclear stability. This research states that employing a more integrated computational approach—the three-body Gamow-coupled-channel model—will provide new insights into the structural and decay behaviors of extremely unstable nuclei like 18Mg. This approach enhances the understanding of decay dynamics, thereby refining theoretical models of how proton-rich nuclei behave.
[the_sdg_impact] => According to the International Atomic Energy Agency, understanding and utilizing radioisotopes are crucial steps towards achieving a more sustainable future. Advancements in nuclear physics, such as those presented in this fundamental research provide deeper insights into open quantum systems under extreme conditions. These findings have potential applications in developing sustainable energy solutions and medical technologies. This study is potentially related to SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure) by fostering innovation in nuclear science and to SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) by providing insights that could lead to more efficient and safer nuclear energy systems.
[article_url] => https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-024-01479-1
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[publication_title] => Structure and 2p decay mechanism of 18Mg
[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
[publisher] => SpringerNature
[year] => 2024
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[post_date] => 2025-01-11 17:00:53
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[post_title] => An Unique Technique for Tracing 60Fe in Extraterrestrial Materials
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[research_footprints] => Accelerator mass spectrometry; Wien filter; isobar separation; Supernovae; Chang’e-5 lunar samples
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[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study introduces a newly developed accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) system at the HI-13 tandem accelerator which achieved a detection limit of 10-15 for the radionuclide 60Fe in lunar samples. This in-situ advancement utilizes a Wien filter and silicon nitride foils, enhancing both the sensitivity and specificity of the system. It successfully distinguishes 60Fe from its isobar 60Ni with a sensitivity assessed to be better than 4.3 × 10-14, based on blank sample measurements lasting 5.8 hours. This method's potential for expansion into detecting other low-abundance isotopes in environmental and cosmic materials could significantly impact various scientific fields, opening new avenues for research and application.
[the_background] => Lunar samples, undisturbed by significant geological or biological activity, serve as a pristine archive of the solar system's history. They capture the evidence of nearby supernovae in the form of long-lived radionuclides like 60Fe. Despite its potential, the detection of 60Fe has been constrained by its extremely low abundance, which falls below the detection limits of most analytical methods. Past studies struggled to differentiate 60Fe from its isobar 60Ni effectively, limiting the understanding of cosmic events. This research bridges this gap by refining the accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) method, which now incorporates a Wien filter to enhance ion separation and improve measurement accuracy. This research outcome provides a robust solution to a longstanding limitation in lunar and planetary science.
[the_sdg_impact] => According to NASA, the Moon holds invaluable information about our solar system's history, including evidence of nearby supernovae, which are critical for understanding cosmic events. The urgency to improve our understanding of cosmic events and their impact on Earth is echoed in this research, which enhances our ability to study extraterrestrial materials with higher accuracy. By significantly advancing the field of accelerator mass spectrometry, this study directly supports Sustainable Development Goal 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure), promoting sustainable industries and investing in scientific research and innovation.
[article_url] => https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-024-01453-x
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[publication_title] => Stepped-up development of accelerator mass spectrometry method for the detection of 60Fe with the HI-13 tandem accelerator
[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
[publisher] => SpringerNature
[year] => 2024
[subject] => Nuclear Physics
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[post_title] => How Machine Learning Is Facilitating Particle Identification
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[research_footprints] => Heavy-ion collisions at low and intermediate energies; Machine learning; Ensemble learning algorithm; Particle identification; Data imbalance
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/2023_NST_Article_11_v1-scaled.jpg
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study introduces intelligent learning algorithms for particle identification in heavy-ion collisions at low and intermediate energies. Utilizing computational models, researchers employed artificial intelligence algorithms, such as XgBoost and TabNet, to overcome the limitations of traditional particle identification methods. These algorithms demonstrated good performance and generalization capabilities whereby they improve the precision and efficiency of identifying particle types from complex datasets significantly. The findings not only underscore the potential of intelligent algorithms in transforming nuclear physics research but also hint at future applications in similar complex data analysis challenges across various scientific disciplines.
[the_background] => Particle identification in heavy-ion collisions is a critical yet challenging aspect of nuclear physics due to the vast and complex nature of the data generated. Traditional methods for this task are time-consuming, heavily reliant on experiential knowledge, and suffer from poor repeatability. These drawbacks present a significant barrier to progress in the field. The thesis of this research posits that the application of machine learning and deep learning algorithms could address these challenges by automating the particle identification process, meanwhile enhancing accuracy and efficiency. By proposing a novel solution that leverages artificial intelligence, this study strives to improve the way scientists approach particle identification. Its effort offers a more reliable and streamlined method that could significantly accelerate advancements in nuclear physics.
[the_sdg_impact] => The importance of advancing education and techniques in nuclear physics cannot be overstated, as these elements are pivotal in driving innovation and research that underpin sustainable development globally. The application of intelligent learning algorithms in nuclear physics, specifically for particle identification in heavy-ion collisions, contributes directly to SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure) and SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals). By improving the precision and efficiency of particle identification, this research paves a path for future studies of similar area in nuclear physics.
[article_url] => https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-024-01388-3
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[publication_title] => The study of intelligent algorithm in particle identification of heavy-ion collisions at low and intermediate energies
[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
[publisher] => SpringerNature
[year] => 2024
[subject] => Nuclear Physics
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[post_date] => 2025-01-11 15:25:08
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[post_content] =>
[post_title] => New Insights in Bromine's Neutron Capture and the s-Process
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[researchers_name] => An, Zhendong
[researchers_position] => School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-sen University, China
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[research_footprints] => Time-of-flight technique, Neutron capture cross sections, Maxwell average cross sections
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[figures] =>
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[the_novelty] => The study presents an innovative measurement of bromine's neutron capture cross sections in the resolved and unresolved resonance region. The astrophysical Maxwell average cross sections (MACSs) of 79,81Br from kT = 5 to 100 keV were calculated based on a sufficiently wide range experimental data of neutron energies at the CSNS Back-n facility. For the characteristic thermal energy of an astrophysical site, this research has identified that the MACS for 79Br at 30 keV stands at 682±68 mb, aligning with the KADoNiS v1.0 recommended values. On the other hand, the MACS for 81Br is significantly higher at 293±29 mb, challenging existing data of KADoNiS v1.0. These findings highlight a stark difference between the two isotopes of bromine under stellar conditions. They not only fill a critical gap in astrophysical data but also set the stage for revising the understanding of elemental synthesis in stars. With these precise figures, the research promises to catalyze future explorations into the intricacies of the s-process, potentially leading to transformative insights in both origin of chemical elements and evolution of high-mass stars.
[the_background] => At the heart of astrophysical inquiry lies the question of how elements heavier than iron are synthesized in stars, a process understood to occur primarily through neutron capture reactions known as the s-process. Historically, data on these reactions, especially concerning bromine, have been scarce, with measurements at stellar temperatures remaining elusive due to technological and methodological limitations. This research reveals a method for capturing this elusive data, thus promising to fill a critical gap in the field. By leveraging the Back-n facility's good time resolution related to the time-of-flight measurements, this study proposes a novel solution to accurately measure bromine's neutron capture cross sections. The outcome provides a significant leap forward in our ability to model and understand the s-process and, consequently, the genesis of heavy elements in the cosmos.
[the_sdg_impact] => According to the United Nations, advancements in science and technology are crucial for meeting the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The urgency for such progress is highlighted by the ongoing challenge to harness clean and sustainable energy sources, a pursuit vital for global development. This research contributes to SDG 7, Affordable and Clean Energy, by enhancing our understanding of nuclear processes, which could be pivotal in developing advanced energy systems. Furthermore, it supports SDG 4, Quality Education, by providing new scientific knowledge for academic curricula, fostering a more informed and innovative generation poised to tackle the world's energy and sustainability challenges.
[article_url] => https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-023-01337-6
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[publication_title] => Measurement of Br(n,γ) cross sections up to stellar s-process temperatures at the CSNS Back-n
[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
[publisher] => SpringerNature
[year] => 2023
[subject] => Nuclear Physics
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[post_date] => 2025-01-11 15:14:05
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[post_title] => Promising Machine Learning Method for Superheavy Elements Exploration
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[researchers_name] => Cai, Boshuai
[researchers_position] => Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering & Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, China
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[researchers_name_2] => Yuan, Cenxi
[researchers_position_2] => Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering & Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, China
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[research_footprints] => Decay Mode, Superheavy Nuclide, Random Forest
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/nst-5.jpg
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => Utilizing a computational model, the research introduces the application of a random forest (RF) algorithm which successfully predicted the decay modes of superheavy nuclei. This method accurately determined the dominant decay mode for an impressive 96.9% of nuclei beyond 212Po. Furthermore, the study revealed α decay as the primary decay mode for upcoming elements labeled Z = 119–122, with certain even–even elements being exceptions. This novel approach not only provides a refined predictive tool for nuclear decay but also paves the way for more profound explorations within the realm of superheavy elements in the future.
[the_background] => Superheavy nuclei, situated at the extreme end of the nuclear landscape, possess unique and captivating properties. The quest to discover new elements, or nuclides, faces hurdles due to their inherent instability and short half-lives. Currently, the experimental equipment is still far away from exploring all these nuclei. A large amount of theoretical research is required, both from the perspective of understanding the properties of these nuclei and from the perspective of providing important reference for conducting experiments. Traditional methods, both microscopic and macroscopic, have been employed to study nuclear binding energy and decay half-lives. However, these methods face challenges such as overfitting and discrepancies between theoretical predictions and observed results. The introduction of the machine learning method aims to bridge these knowledge gaps, offering a promising solution to more precisely predict major decay modes of superheavy nuclei. This approach aspires to shed light on the intricate interplay between α decay, β decay, and spontaneous fission in newly identified elements, potentially revolutionizing our understanding in this field.
[the_sdg_impact] => At the frontier of natural science, the quest to answer how many elements can exist and whether stable or long-lived nuclides exist above uranium is more than an academic pursuit; it's a journey to the heart of matter itself. This profound question underlines the urgency of exploring the "islands of stability," a concept that could redefine our understanding of the periodic table and material science. The research directly contributes to Sustainable Development Goal 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure) by driving progress in scientific research and innovation, which are crucial for building resilient infrastructure and fostering inclusive and sustainable industrialization.
[article_url] => https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-023-01354-5
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[publication_title] => Random forest-based prediction of decay modes and half-lives of superheavy nuclei
[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
[publisher] => SpringerNature
[year] => 2023
[subject] => Nuclear Physics; Machine Learning
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[post_title] => Shanghai's Proton Therapy: A Leap Towards Targeted Cancer Treatment
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[research_footprints] => SAPT, proton therapy, synchrotron, slow extraction, gantry, beam delivery system
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/2023_NST_Article_03_v2-scaled.jpg
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[the_novelty] => A synchrotron-based proton therapy facility has been inaugurated in Shanghai, elevating the standards of cancer treatment in the region. In a clinical trial encompassing 47 patients, the research illuminated the facility's prowess: both the synchrotron and the treatment system operated at their expected peak performances. The results are promising whereby the facility's beam delivery system and other technical components consistently met the anticipated performances. With its success, Shanghai's innovative facility offers hope for enhanced therapeutic methods in cancer care and propels the medical community toward broader applications and expansions of proton therapy.
[the_background] => Proton therapy is an advance approach to cancer treatment. It is distinguished by its utilization of the Bragg peak—a phenomenon where protons and heavy ions expel most of their energy at the end of their travel in matter. This mechanism ensures treatment of targeted tumors with minimal damage to surrounding tissues. Most proton therapy utilized accelerators like cyclotrons, which generated excessive radiation and radioactivation. Recognizing these shortcomings, the Shanghai research team introduced the synchrotron-based facility. This solution is designed to deliver the required beam energy directly.
[the_sdg_impact] => According to the World Health Organization, cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, underscoring the urgency for innovative treatments. The Shanghai advance proton therapy (SAPT) facility in Shanghai directly addresses this pressing concern, heralding a safer and more effective approach to cancer treatment. This initiative aligns seamlessly with UNSDG 3: Good Health and Well-being, by advancing global health standards. Furthermore, by fostering innovation in healthcare infrastructure, the facility embodies the principles of SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure.
[article_url] => https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-023-01293-1
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[publication_title] => SAPT: a synchrotron-based proton therapy facility in Shanghai
[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
[publisher] => SpringerNature
[year] => 2023
[subject] => Medical; Cancer
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[post_title] => Shedding Light on Spin Dynamics with Time-Resolved X-Ray Ferromagnetic Resonance
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[researchers_name] => Cai, Boshuai
[researchers_position] => Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering & Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, China
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[researchers_position_2] => Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering & Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, China
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[research_footprints] => Ferromagnetic resonance; Time resolution; Pump-probe; Synchrotron radiation
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[figures] =>
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[the_novelty] => Achieving a remarkable breakthrough in spintronics, the research team at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) has successfully developed and demonstrated a pioneering picosecond time-resolved X-ray ferromagnetic resonance (TR-XFMR) apparatus. This novel technology offers a time resolution of 13 ps (RMS) or 31 ps (FWHM) and has detected the spin precession of the Ni magnetic moment in the Ni81Fe19 sample at 2 GHz. The method uses pump-probe detection and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) spectroscopy, delivering a powerful enhancement to the conventional Ferromagnetic Resonance (FMR). Looking ahead, the successful implementation of picosecond TR-XFMR opens up exciting possibilities for in-depth investigation of spin dynamics and magnetic interactions. Furthermore, the research output offers a pathway to new breakthroughs in magnetic materials and spin-based electronic devices.
[the_background] => Spintronics is a field of study that explores how electron properties, specifically charge and spin, can carry information. The realm of spintronics began its journey with the discovery of the Giant Magnetoresistance effect (GMR) in 1988. Conventional Ferromagnetic Resonance (FMR) has been the primary method for examining the basic parameters of thin magnetic films, an integral part of functional materials and spin-based electronic devices. However, traditional FMR comes with its limitations: it can only observe the static response of a multilayer film structure and struggles to provide clear information on alloy sublattices or resolve spin dynamics in multilayer samples. Thus, this study developed the picosecond time-resolved X-ray ferromagnetic resonance (TR-XFMR) as a solution. By leveraging the unique capabilities of the SSRF, this novel method can effectively measure spin dynamical processes and element-specific magnetization dynamics, promising a more comprehensive and detailed analysis of magnetic materials and devices.
[the_sdg_impact] => The rise of semiconductor technology, which is at the heart of digital transformation, has driven unprecedented progress in the global digital economy. As per the World Semiconductor Trade Statistics, the global semiconductor market reached $430 billion in 2020. The time-resolved method introduced in this study has the potential to revolutionize our understanding of spin waves or magnons, a cornerstone for future semiconductor development. Hence, this study contributes to the UNSDG 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure), by driving innovation in semiconductor technology, and in turn, fostering sustainable industrialization.
[article_url] => https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-022-01037-7
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-022-01037-7
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[publication_title] => Picosecond time-resolved X-ray ferromagnetic resonance measurements at Shanghai synchrotron radiation facility
[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
[publisher] => SpringerNature
[year] => 2022
[subject] => Nuclear Physics
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[post_date] => 2024-10-08 16:50:21
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[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Truth About Dengue: How Accurate Are Global Disease Estimates?
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[researchers_name] => Yuwen Chien (簡 玉雯)
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[researchers_position_2] => Associate Professor, Master Program in Applied Epidemiology Member, TMU Research Center of Cochrane Taiwan Member, TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
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[research_footprints] => Dengue; dengue virus; global burden of disease study; reported data; incidence
[graphic_abstract] =>
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[the_novelty] => This study reveals a critical mismatch between dengue case estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study and the actual reported cases in 30 high-burden countries and territories over a 10-year period. Using a population-based comparative analysis, the research highlights that GBD’s estimates are significantly inflated, particularly in countries like China, India, and Taiwan, and fail to reflect the actual scale and fluctuations of dengue outbreaks. The discovery underscores the need to revise current disease estimation methods to provide more accurate and dynamic models. Future research could expand these methods to improve estimates for other infectious diseases, leading to better global health strategies.
[the_background] => Dengue is a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes, causing symptoms ranging from mild flu-like illness to severe, life-threatening conditions. Despite being a notifiable disease, the actual global burden of dengue is frequently underestimated due to misdiagnosis, overlap with other febrile illnesses, and under-reporting of milder cases. Previous studies, relying on estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, have provided inflated or inconsistent data on dengue’s impact, creating a gap in accurate disease assessment. The critical issue this research addresses is the inaccuracy of GBD estimates, which often fail to reflect real-world dengue case numbers and annual fluctuations. By directly comparing reported dengue cases with GBD estimates across high-burden countries, this study proposes a refined, data-driven solution that better captures the actual burden of dengue, significantly improving health planning and policy decision-making on a global scale.
[the_sdg_impact] => Dengue cases have surged dramatically in recent years, with the World Health Organization (WHO) reporting over 5.2 million cases globally in 2019, a significant increase from 505,430 in 2000. This rapid rise underscores the urgent need for accurate disease burden assessments to inform public health responses. This research contributes to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3 (Good Health and Well-being) by improving the accuracy of dengue burden estimates, which is essential for combating epidemics and ensuring effective healthcare interventions. Additionally, by providing more reliable data, this study also supports SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities), helping to ensure that health resources are distributed equitably to the regions most affected by dengue, ultimately contributing to more resilient healthcare systems.
[article_url] => https://academic.oup.com/jtm/article/31/4/taae069/7662918
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[publication_title] => Discrepancies in dengue burden estimates: a comparative analysis of reported cases and global burden of disease study, 2010–2019
[journal_title] => Journal of Travel Medicine
[publisher] => Oxford Academic
[year] => May 2024
[subject] => Medical; Dengue; Virus
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[post_date] => 2024-10-08 16:38:45
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[post_title] => Legal Boundaries and Bioethical Horizons in Brain Organoid Research
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[researchers_name] => Tsung-Ling Lee (李崇菱)
[researchers_position] => Associate Professor, Graduate Institute of Health and Biotechnology Law, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
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[researchers_name_2] => Tsutomu Sawai
[researchers_position_2] => Professor (Special Recognition) (Graduate School of Humanities and social Sciences), Hiroshima University, Japan
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[research_footprints] => Brain organoids; Consciousness; Personhood; Informed consent; Ownership; Transplantation
[graphic_abstract] =>
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[the_novelty] => This research outlines a proposed framework for navigating the ethical and legal landscapes of human brain organoid research, a rapidly developing field derived from three-dimensional neural tissue models. The study highlights critical legal challenges such as consent, ownership, and potential consciousness of brain organoids, offering a systematic categorization of these issues. Moreover, it sheds light on both immediate and speculative legal considerations, emphasizing the need for an integrated legal framework to guide future scientific inquiry and applications. The findings pave the way for further discussions and potential adjustments in law that could one day accommodate the unique status and capabilities of human brain organoids.
[the_background] => Human brain organoids are advanced cellular constructs derived from human pluripotent stem cells that emulate certain human brain functions. These models represent a burgeoning field of research that, while promising, poses unique ethical and legal challenges due to their potential implications for consciousness and personhood. Historically, the discourse around the legal and ethical considerations of such research has been fragmented and underdeveloped, lacking a unified regulatory approach. The immediate problem this research seeks to address is the absence of a cohesive legal framework that can adapt to the complex nature of brain organoid technology. The thesis of this study is that by examining the specific legal issues inherent to brain organoid research—including consent, ownership, and the potential consciousness of organoids—a clearer, more structured legal framework can be developed. This framework aims to address these immediate concerns and lay the groundwork for future legal considerations as the technology evolves.
[the_sdg_impact] => According to the World Health Organization, neurological disorders are the leading cause of disability globally, underscoring the critical need for innovative research approaches like human brain organoids. The urgency to address this growing health crisis is amplified by the potential of brain organoid research to improve our understanding and treatment of such disorders. This research contributes to UNSDG 3: Good Health and Well-being, by paving the way for breakthroughs in medical research that could lead to new treatments for brain diseases. Additionally, by establishing a robust legal framework to govern this research, it also supports UNSDG 16: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions, promoting the development of global legal standards that ensure ethical practices and equitable access to healthcare innovations. These initiatives are essential for building inclusive and just societies capable of handling the complexities of cutting-edge medical technologies.
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[publication_title] => Human Brain Organoid Research and Applications: Where and How to Meet Legal Challenges?
[journal_title] => Journal of Bioethical Inquiry
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => July 2024
[subject] => Medical; Brain; Human Brain Organoids
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[post_date] => 2024-09-03 09:54:58
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[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Addressing the Hidden Challenge of Childhood Constipation in Asia
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[research_footprints] => Functional constipation; Gastrointestinal disorder; Asian children; Constipation
[graphic_abstract] =>
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[the_novelty] => This research identifies a significant prevalence of constipation, affecting 12% of children in Asia. Conducted through a population-based systematic review and meta-analysis, the study analyzes data from over 311,000 children across 50 studies. Key findings highlight that diagnostic methods, age, and mental health conditions notably influence the prevalence. The study underscores the necessity for standardized diagnostic criteria and targeted interventions to address these factors. Future research should explore nutritional interventions and delve deeper into the relationship between mental health and constipation to develop more effective prevention and treatment strategies.
[the_background] => Constipation, characterized by infrequent or hard bowel movements, poses significant health challenges in children, leading to increased healthcare costs and diminished quality of life. Despite being a common issue, the pathophysiology of functional constipation in children is not fully understood, and existing treatments often fail to provide long-term relief. Previous research has predominantly focused on non-Asian populations, leaving a gap in understanding the prevalence and determinants of constipation among children in Asia. This study aims to fill this gap by systematically reviewing and analyzing data to estimate the prevalence of constipation and identify its associated factors in Asian children. The findings are intended to inform healthcare policies and practices, ultimately reducing the prevalence and improving the management of pediatric constipation in Asia.
[the_sdg_impact] => Medscape reported that the prevalence rate of constipation in children can be as high as 30%. Hence, addressing pediatric constipation is crucial for improving children's well-being and reducing healthcare burdens. This research aligns with several United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs):
1) By enhancing child health outcomes through better management of constipation
2) By highlighting the need for equitable healthcare interventions tailored to the specific needs of children in Asia
The study's insights can drive policy changes and healthcare improvements, contributing to healthier, more resilient communities.
[article_url] => https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589537024001573
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102578
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[publication_title] => Prevalence and determinants of constipation in children in Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
[journal_title] => eClinicalMedicine
[publisher] => Elsevier
[year] => May 2024
[subject] => Clinical Medicine; Gastrointestinal Disorder
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[post_title] => Tailored Screening for Colorectal Cancer: Enhancing Early Detection with Fewer Tests
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[researchers_name] => Ming-Fang Yen (嚴明芳)
[researchers_position] => Professor, School of Oral Hygiene, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
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[researchers_name_2] => Li-Sheng Chen (陳立昇)
[researchers_position_2] => Professor, School of Oral Hygiene, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
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[research_footprints] => Precision Colorectal Cancer Screening; Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT); Fecal Hemoglobin (f-Hb) Concentration; Interscreening Intervals; Colorectal Neoplasia; CRC Mortality; Retrospective Cohort Study; Risk Stratification; Population-based Screening; Taiwanese Biennial FIT Program; Colonoscopy Reduction
[graphic_abstract] =>
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[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study found that using fecal hemoglobin (f-Hb) concentration to guide colorectal cancer (CRC) screening intervals significantly reduces the need for fecal immunological tests (FIT) and colonoscopies. Conducted as a population-based cohort study with over 3.5 million participants in Taiwan, the research demonstrated that personalized screening intervals based on f-Hb levels can cut FIT usage by 49% and colonoscopy usage by 28% without losing screening effectiveness. By categorizing individuals into risk groups and adjusting screening frequency accordingly, this approach optimizes resource use and enhances early detection of CRC.
[the_background] => Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant health concern globally. Early detection through screening, mainly using the fecal immunochemical test (FIT), has been vital in reducing CRC mortality. However, current screening practices do not fully exploit fecal biomarkers like fecal hemoglobin (f-Hb) concentration to stratify patients by their risk levels. This results in inefficient use of resources, with some patients being over-screened while others are under-screened. Previous studies have shown a relationship between elevated f-Hb levels and increased risk of CRC, but they have not developed a practical application for personalized screening intervals. This research addresses this gap by proposing a precision screening strategy based on f-Hb levels to tailor the frequency of FIT and colonoscopies to individual risk profiles. This approach aims to make CRC screening more effective and resource-efficient, ultimately improving patient outcomes and reducing the burden on healthcare systems.
[the_sdg_impact] => According to the World Health Organization, colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers, with nearly 1.9 million new cases and 935,000 deaths globally in 2020. This urgent health crisis necessitates more effective screening methods to detect and treat CRC early. This research aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs) by optimizing the use of medical resources and by proposing a precision screening strategy that could significantly improve early detection and reduce mortality rates.
[article_url] => https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2818569
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[publication_title] => Precision Colorectal Cancer Fecal Immunological Test Screening With Fecal-Hemoglobin-Concentration–Guided Interscreening Intervals
[journal_title] => JAMA Oncology
[publisher] => JAMA Network
[year] => November 2024
[subject] => Oncology; Colorectal Cancer
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[post_title] => Bridging Gaps in Glass Science: A Thermodynamic Take on Polymer Glass Formation
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[researchers_name_2] => Zhao-Yan Sun（孙昭艳）
[researchers_position_2] => State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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[original_article_reference] =>
[research_footprints] => Glass formation; Entropy; Free volume; Enthalpy
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => Unraveling the mysteries of polymer glasses, this study introduces a state-of-the-art thermodynamic perspective on their formation. Through in-depth and systematic studies, it was discovered that as these materials are cooled towards the glass transition temperature, their dynamics dramatically slow down, even though there is no discernible change in their static structure. This research bridges various models, particularly the "free volume" models, enthalpy models, and the influential configurational entropy-based models. This emphasizes the interconnection of different thermodynamic properties. With these findings, the study sets the stage for potential advancements and deeper insights into the world of polymer glasses in the future.
[the_background] => Glass-forming materials, a fascinating subject of study, have the unique ability to transition from a liquid state to a seemingly "frozen" state at low temperatures. This phenomenon, known as the glass transition, has been a focal point of research, especially the notable slowdown in the dynamics of these liquids as they are cooled. However, a significant knowledge gap persisted: despite this dynamic slowdown, the static structure of these materials remained largely unchanged, leaving past studies with unanswered questions. This research proposes a fresh approach, emphasizing a thermodynamic perspective on the formation of polymer glasses. By focusing on polymers, some of which inherently form glasses at low temperatures due to their chain characteristics, the study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental nature of glass formation, bridging past limitations and offering a path forward.
[the_sdg_impact] => As technology advances rapidly, understanding materials and their behaviors is becoming increasingly vital in various sectors, from health to industry. The urgency to decode the intricacies of glass formation is not merely academic but holds profound real-world implications. This research on polymer glasses directly aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of "Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure" and "Responsible Consumption and Production." By enhancing our comprehension of materials like glasses, we are paving the way for sustainable industrial innovations and responsible production methods that can significantly benefit global communities and industries.
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[publication_title] => A Thermodynamic Perspective on Polymer Glass Formation
[journal_title] => Chinese Journal of Polymer Science
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => March 2023
[subject] => Polymer; Glass
)
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[post_date] => 2024-04-25 14:34:37
[post_date_gmt] => 2024-04-25 06:34:37
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => The Game-Changing Role of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Diabetes Management
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[researchers_name] => Chi-Jung Chung (鍾季容)
[researchers_position] => Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taiwan
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[research_footprints] => Diabetes; Endocrinology; Acute Kidney Injury; Sodium-Glucose Transport Protein 2 Inhibitor;
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This research demonstrates that sodium-glucose transport protein 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) substantially lower the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Taiwan. Utilizing a nationwide retrospective cohort study model based on the National Health Insurance Research Database, it meticulously analyzed the health outcomes of over 100,000 T2D patients treated with SGLT2is compared to those treated with dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4is). The study's main discovery is that SGLT2i users exhibit a lower risk of developing AKI and its associated dialysis-requiring severity, alongside an improved 90-day AKI prognosis. These findings highlight the protective role of SGLT2is against kidney injury and open avenues for future research on their broader applications in chronic kidney disease management.
[the_background] => Acute kidney injury is a critical complication in patients with type 2 diabetes, leading to deteriorated health outcomes, including chronic and end-stage kidney diseases. Despite its growing incidence and the dire consequences for patient health and healthcare systems, effective preventive measures for AKI, especially in the context of diabetes, have remained elusive. Previous research has pointed to SGLT2 inhibitors as a potential solution, given their capacity to control blood glucose and mitigate cardiovascular and diabetic kidney disease progression. This study posits SGLT2is as a viable intervention to reduce AKI risk and severity in T2D patients, addressing a significant gap in diabetes and kidney disease co-management strategies.
[the_sdg_impact] => Statistics from the World Health Organization highlight that the global burden of chronic kidney disease, exacerbated by diabetes, continues to rise, affecting millions worldwide. This escalating health crisis underscores the urgent need for innovative treatments that can prevent complications such as acute kidney injury (AKI), which are prevalent among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). By demonstrating the potential of SGLT2is to improve kidney health and prevent disease progression, this research directly supports the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 3 (Good Health and Well-being). This research not only sheds light on a path forward for managing chronic kidney disease in diabetic populations but also sets a precedent for future health interventions that align with global sustainability goals.
[article_url] => https://bit.ly/3Ud13h5
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[publication_title] => Sodium-Glucose Transport Protein 2 Inhibitor Use for Type 2 Diabetes and the Incidence of Acute Kidney Injury in Taiwan
[journal_title] => Diabetes and Endocrinology
[publisher] => JAMA Network
[year] => 2023
[subject] => Medical; Diabetes; Depression
)
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[post_date] => 2024-04-25 13:58:52
[post_date_gmt] => 2024-04-25 05:58:52
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Rethinking Acupuncture in Treating Pain and Depression
[post_excerpt] =>
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[researchers_name] => SU, Kuan-Pin (蘇冠賓)
[researchers_position] => Departments of Psychiatry, and Mind-Body Interface Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taiwan
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[research_footprints] => Comorbid chronic pain; Major depressive disorder; Depression; Accupuncture
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This clinical trial unveils a significant insight into the treatment of comorbid chronic pain and major depressive disorder (MDD) through acupuncture, challenging the conventional specificity of acupoint selection. A double-blind randomized controlled crossover trial was conducted to compare the differential impacts of pain-specific vs depression-specific acupoints on pain and depression severity in patients with comorbid chronic pain and depression. The study found that pain-specific acupoints did not show any favourable effect over depression-specific acupoints in reducing pain severity in the patients. Similarly, depression-specific acupoints were not superior to pain-specific acupoints in reducing depression severity among these patients. These findings suggest that chronic pain and depression have shared underlying biological mechanisms, which could serve as potential therapeutic targets for the comorbidity of chronic pain and depression. Besides shifting the paradigm in acupuncture treatment strategies, this finding also lays the groundwork for future research exploring acupuncture’s holistic and integrative roles in managing complex health conditions.
[the_background] => Chronic pain and depression are two conditions that often coexist, complicating their treatment due to their intertwined biological mechanisms. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), particularly acupuncture, has been employed for centuries to manage these conditions by promoting the flow of “qi” or vital energy along the body’s meridians. Previous studies have separately shown the effectiveness of acupuncture in treating pain and depression by targeting specific acupoints. However, a gap existed in research regarding the comparative efficacy of these acupoints in treating patients suffering from both conditions simultaneously. This research aimed to fill this gap by investigating the differences in the effectiveness of pain-specific acupoints and depression-specific acupoints in reducing pain and depression severity in patients with pain and depression comorbidity. The study hypothesized that pain-specific and depression-specific acupoints could respectively alleviate pain and depression more effectively than when these conditions are treated non-specifically. The study’s outcome provides a clearer understanding of acupuncture’s role in treating comorbid chronic pain and MDD, challenging the traditional approach to acupoint selection based on specific symptoms.
[the_sdg_impact] => There is a growing prevalence of chronic pain and depression worldwide, which significantly affects individuals’ quality of life and strains the healthcare system. Consequently, the World Health Organization has emphasized the urgent need to address the comorbidity of these conditions. This research contributes to achieving SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being) by enhancing our understanding of acupuncture's potential as a non-pharmacological treatment for comorbid conditions of pain and depression. Additionally, by challenging current treatment approaches, this study supports the 9th SDG's aim of fostering innovation and infrastructure to develop feasible and accessible healthcare solutions, thereby facilitating the integration of traditional and modern medical practices in managing the comorbidity of pain and depression.
[article_url] => https://bit.ly/49XF7fQ
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[publication_title] => Clinical efficacy and immune effects of acupuncture in patients with comorbid chronic pain and major depression disorder: A double-blinded, randomized controlled crossover study
[journal_title] => Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
[publisher] => Elsevier
[year] => 2023
[subject] => Medical; Depression; Acupuncture
)
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[post_date] => 2024-04-25 13:49:18
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[post_title] => A New Path to Combat Alzheimer’s Disease with Indoles
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[post_name] => new-path-to-combat-alzheimers-disease-with-indoles
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[research_footprints] => Gut microbiota; Indoles; Aryl hydrocarbon receptor; NLRP3 inflammasome; Neuroinflammation; Alzheimer’s disease
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study uncovers a novel therapeutic avenue to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The study demonstrates for the first time that microbiota-derived metabolites, specifically Indoles, can play a crucial role in inhibiting neuroinflammation in AD through animal model studies with APP/PS1 mice. The study also emphasizes the pathway through which Indoles activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and subsequently inhibit key inflammatory processes in the brain. The findings highlight a significant reduction of neuroinflammation through mechanisms such as the downregulation of NF-κB signaling and reduction of inflammatory cytokines, and this was associated with improved cognitive and behavioral functions in AD mice models. The study opens the door to future studies on gut microbiota’s role in AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
[the_background] => AD, a complex and multifactorial neurodegenerative condition, is increasingly being linked to changes in the gut microbiota and its metabolites. Previous studies have implied a connection between gut bacteria composition alterations and AD, but the specific mechanisms and potential therapeutic pathways remained largely unexplored. This study bridges the gap by identifying a significant reduction in Indoles-producing bacteria in AD. These bacteria aid in the conversion of dietary tryptophan into neuroprotective compounds. The study posits that the gut microbiota, through the production of Indoles, can activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway, which offers a protective mechanism against neuroinflammation and cognitive decline in AD. By focusing on the gut-brain axis, this study highlights the significant impact of maintaining a healthy gut microbiota composition for brain health.
[the_sdg_impact] => The escalating prevalence of AD presents a significant global health concern. According to the World Health Organization, more than 55 million people have AD with nearly 10 million new cases every year, underscoring the need for novel therapeutic approaches to AD. This study directly contributes to achieving SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being) by enhancing our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of AD, particularly focusing on the role of gut microbiota. This insight opens up the possibility of targeting the gut microbiota as a therapeutic approach to alleviate the global burden of AD. This study further suggests new non-invasive approaches by targeting the microbiota, which could advance Alzheimer’s treatment. Additionally, it underscores the wider health benefits of understanding and modulating our microbiota.
[article_url] => https://bit.ly/3WfgXdv
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[publication_title] => Microbiota-derived metabolite Indoles induced aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation and inhibited neuroinflammation in APP/PS1 miceBrain, Behavior, and Immunity
[journal_title] => Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
[publisher] => Elsevier
[year] => 2022
[subject] => Medical; Alzheimer’s disease
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[post_date] => 2024-04-08 13:58:32
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[post_content] =>
[post_title] => The Future of Air Quality Monitoring in Taiwan Through Machine Learning
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[researchers_name] => Chau-Ren Jung (鍾朝仁)
[researchers_position] => Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taiwan
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[research_footprints] => Estimation model; Feature importance; Machine learning; Meteorological variables; Satellite-based measurement; Ultrafine particles
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study unveils a novel hybrid model utilizing machine learning to estimate ultrafine particle (UFP) concentrations in central Taiwan with unprecedented accuracy and temporal resolution. By integrating satellite-based measurements, meteorological data, and land-use information, the research has crafted a computational model that significantly outperforms traditional land-use regression approaches. The findings reveal that the model, especially when employing the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm, achieves a high level of predictive accuracy, with a training coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.99 and a cross-validation R² of 0.78. This advancement not only showcases the model's effectiveness in capturing daily UFP levels at a 1-km resolution but also sets a promising foundation for future enhancements in environmental monitoring and pollution estimation methodologies.
[the_background] => Ultrafine particles, characterized by their diameter of less than 100 nm, are a critical component of air pollution, posing significant health risks due to their ability to penetrate deep into the respiratory system. Traditional methods for estimating UFP concentrations, such as land-use regression models, have been limited by their coarse temporal resolution and inability to reflect spatial variations accurately. To address this gap, the current study proposes a hybrid model that leverages machine learning algorithms and incorporates a wider array of data sources, including satellite-based measurements and meteorological information. This approach marks a significant leap forward in our ability to assess UFP exposure accurately, facilitating more effective environmental health studies and interventions.
[the_sdg_impact] => According to the World Health Organization, air pollution is one of the biggest environmental threats to human health, with nine out of ten people globally breathing air that exceeds WHO guideline limits containing high levels of pollutants. This research achieves Sustainable Development Goal 3: Good Health and Well-being, by providing tools to better understand and mitigate the health impacts of air pollution. Additionally, by offering insights into the sources and distribution of UFPs, the study supports Sustainable Development Goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities.
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[publication_title] => A hybrid model for estimating the number concentration of ultrafine particles based on machine learning algorithms in central Taiwan
[journal_title] => Environment International
[publisher] => Elsevier
[year] => 2023
[subject] => Medical; Machine learning
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[post_title] => The Promising Path of Protein Therapy in COPD Treatment
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[research_footprints] => Alveolar macrophages; Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases; Surfactant protein D; Lipid metabolism; Ozone; Cigarettes
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study uncovers the protective role of surfactant protein D (SP-D) in mitigating lung inflammation and the accumulation of lipid-laden foamy macrophages (FMs) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), aggravated by exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) and ozone. By utilizing a combination of in vivo experiments with mouse models and in vitro analyses, the research reveals how elevated levels of SP-D can counteract oxidative stress and lipid metabolism disruptions caused by harmful environmental exposures. Key findings include the demonstration that SP-D deficiency leads to increased airway inflammation and the formation of FMs, whereas administration of a recombinant fragment of human SP-D (rfhSP-D) can reverse these effects. These insights promise new avenues for therapeutic interventions in COPD, highlighting the potential of SP-D as a novel treatment target.
[the_background] => Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a debilitating lung condition characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation, primarily driven by significant exposure to harmful particles or gases, especially cigarette smoke. Despite its growing prevalence and the urgency for effective treatments, the molecular mechanisms underlying COPD remain only partially understood, and current therapies fail to halt the disease's progression. This study bridges a crucial knowledge gap by focusing on the roles of surfactant protein D (SP-D) and lipid-laden foamy macrophages (FMs), which are pivotal in the disease's pathogenesis but poorly characterized in past research. By establishing the protective effects of SP-D against oxidative stress and its ability to regulate lipid metabolism within the lungs, the study proposes a novel therapeutic approach that leverages these mechanisms to combat COPD.
[the_sdg_impact] => According to the World Health Organization (WHO), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains a leading cause of death globally, with an estimated 3 million deaths annually attributed to the disease. This surge emphasizes the critical need for innovative treatment strategies to alleviate the burden of COPD on patients and healthcare systems worldwide. The findings of this study align closely with Sustainable Development Goal 3 (Good Health and Well-being), specifically targeting the reduction of premature mortality from non-communicable diseases through prevention and treatment. Moreover, by addressing air quality and pollution, critical factors in the development of COPD, this research also supports Sustainable Development Goal 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities).
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[publication_title] => Surfactant protein D inhibits lipid-laden foamy macrophages and lung inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
[journal_title] => Cellular & Molecular Immunology
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => 2023
[subject] => Medical; Molecular Immunology; Lung Diseases
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[post_date] => 2024-04-08 12:32:37
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[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Transforming the Detection of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria with Machine Learning
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[researchers_name] => CHO, Der-Yang (周德陽)
[researchers_position] => Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taiwan
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[research_footprints] => Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae; Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae; Colistin resistance; MALDI-TOF MS; Machine learning; Prediction platform
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This research successfully unveils a computational model using machine learning to swiftly predict the presence of carbapenem-resistant and colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae from matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) data. The innovative model stands out for its ability to not only accurately differentiate between resistant and susceptible isolates but also identify specific mass-to-charge (m/z) biomarkers crucial for distinguishing among various resistance mechanisms. With impressive accuracy metrics demonstrated for predicting resistance, this model sets a new standard in the rapid diagnosis of bacterial infections. Hence, it enables healthcare professionals to make quicker and more informed decisions on antibiotic treatments. Looking ahead, the study holds promising potential for expanding this model's application to a broader range of antibiotic-resistant pathogens, heralding a new era in the fight against antimicrobial resistance.
[the_background] => As antibiotic resistance emerges as a formidable challenge to global health, rapid and accurate diagnostic methods become essential to combat this threat. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales, especially Klebsiella pneumoniae, have been identified as critical players in the spread of antibiotic resistance, associated with high transmission rates and mortality. Traditional detection techniques are often time-consuming and fail to keep pace with the rapid evolution and dissemination of resistance genes. The study responds to these challenges by proposing a solution: a machine learning model capable of predicting resistance based on MALDI-TOF MS data, a routine diagnostic tool in microbiology labs. This approach represents a significant improvement over existing methods. It offers a quicker path to identifying resistance and informing treatment decisions, thus addressing a critical gap in managing antibiotic-resistant infections.
[the_sdg_impact] => Antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest threats to global health, food security, and development today. This study's development of a rapid diagnostic tool directly addresses the urgent need for innovations that can lead to more effective management of antibiotic-resistant infections. By improving the speed and accuracy of diagnosis, this research contributes to Sustainable Development Goal 3 (Good Health and Well-being), specifically targeting the reduction of illness and death from hazardous chemicals and air, water, and soil pollution and contamination. Moreover, by leveraging advances in machine learning technology for health diagnostics, the study supports Sustainable Development Goal 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure).
[article_url] => https://bit.ly/43Nv0IY
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[publication_title] => Direct prediction of carbapenem-resistant, carbapenemase-producing, and colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from routine MALDI-TOF mass spectra using machine learning and outcome evaluation
[journal_title] => International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents
[publisher] => Elsevier
[year] => 2023
[subject] => Medical; Machine learning
)
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[post_date] => 2024-04-08 12:22:56
[post_date_gmt] => 2024-04-08 04:22:56
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => New Dual-Targeted Immune Therapy to Combat Solid Tumors Effectively
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[research_footprints] => HLA-G; PD-L1; Immune Therapy
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
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[the_novelty] => This study introduces the Nb-CAR.BiTE-V𝛿2 𝛾𝛿T therapy, a practical approach to fight solid tumors. It demonstrates significant efficacy in both in vivo and in vitro models. This dual-targeting method combines nanobody-based Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) technology with Bispecific T-cell Engagers (BiTEs), specifically engineered in gamma-delta T (𝜸𝜹T) cells. The research showcases that this innovative therapy can effectively target and eliminate tumor cells expressing the immune checkpoint proteins HLA-G and PD-L1 without causing significant toxicity. The success of this study lays a promising foundation for future clinical applications, especially in allogeneic settings. It offers new hope for the effective treatment of solid tumors with the potential to enhance patient outcomes significantly.
[the_background] => Solid tumors present a formidable challenge to current CAR-T cell therapies due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and the risk of off-tumor toxicity. HLA-G, an immune checkpoint protein and tumor-associated antigen, emerges as a potent target for overcoming these obstacles. However, the efficacy of targeting HLA-G alone is compromised by the upregulation of PD-L1, another immune checkpoint protein. This phenomenon necessitates a dual-targeting approach. This study proposes a solution, the Nb-CAR.BiTE-V𝛿2 𝛾𝛿T therapy, which leverages the unique properties of 𝜸𝜹T cells and the flexibility of nanobodies to target HLA-G and PD-L1 simultaneously. This innovative approach aims to circumvent the limitations of previous therapies, offering a new pathway to combat the complexity of solid tumors and the adaptive resistance mechanisms they employ.
[the_sdg_impact] => According to the World Health Organization, cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, accounting for nearly 10 million deaths in 2020 alone. The urgency to develop more effective treatments is undeniable, as current therapies often fall short against the complexities of solid tumors. Hence, the introduction of the Nb-CAR.BiTE-V𝛿2 𝛾𝛿T therapy aligns with SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being by striving to reduce the mortality rate from non-communicable diseases through the prevention and treatment of cancer.
[article_url] => https://bit.ly/3vSTbct
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[publication_title] => BiTE-Secreting CAR-γδT as a Dual Targeting Strategy for the Treatment of Solid Tumors
[journal_title] => Advanced Science
[publisher] => Wiley Publishing
[year] => 2023
[subject] => Medical; Immunotherapy
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[post_date] => 2024-04-08 12:06:30
[post_date_gmt] => 2024-04-08 04:06:30
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Novel 3D Model for Predicting Lung Cancer Therapy Outcomes
[post_excerpt] =>
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[post_name] => novel-3d-model-for-predicting-lung-cancer-therapy-outcomes
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[researchers_name] => Hung, Mien-Chie (洪明奇)
[researchers_position] => Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taiwan
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/cmu-author-1.png
[researchers_profile] => https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mien-Chie-Hung
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[research_footprints] => Lung-cancer spheroid model; RNA sequencing analysis; Cancer therapy
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => The culmination of this study is the creation of an ex vivo model for lung cancer, which authentically replicates the complex microenvironment of lung tumors in patients. The model integrates patient-derived tumor spheroids, endothelial cells, and lung decellularized extracellular matrix. It offers a platform for precisely investigating lung cancer dynamics, including tumorigenesis, metastasis, and therapeutic response. The key findings reveal that this model can accurately predict patient responses to chemotherapeutics and targeted therapy with an 85% accuracy, alongside 86.7% sensitivity and 80% specificity, showcasing its potential as a powerful tool for personalized medicine. By looking ahead, the research holds promise for expanding its application to other cancer types, thereby broadening its impact on precision therapeutics and personalized clinical care.
[the_background] => Lung cancer remains the most common cause of cancer death globally. Traditional treatment approaches, including 2D monolayer cell cultures and patient-derived xenografts, have failed to mimic the complex 3D cellular microenvironments of tumors accurately. The failure leads to significant gaps in treatment efficacy and personalized care. This study recognizes the limitations and proposes a novel patient-specific cancer model that utilizes an ex vivo lung cancer spheroid system. This system leverages cancer cell-derived organoids and spheroids within a biomimetic tumor microenvironment. It aims to bridge the gap between genomic analysis and therapeutic response, enhancing the precision and efficacy of cancer treatments.
[the_sdg_impact] => According to the World Health Organization, lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death globally, with over 1.8 million deaths annually. This research introduces a novel ex vivo lung cancer model that addresses the urgent demand for effective cancer treatments. The model also paves the way for advancements in personalized medicine. By enhancing our capacity to provide precise and tailored therapies, this study fulfills Sustainable Development Goal 3 (Good Health and Well-being), aiming to reduce the mortality rates associated with lung cancer significantly.
[article_url] => https://bit.ly/3VONNSb
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[publication_title] => Highly Mimetic Ex Vivo Lung-Cancer Spheroid-Based Physiological Model for Clinical Precision Therapeutics
[journal_title] => Advance Science
[publisher] => Wiley Publishing
[year] => 2023
[subject] => Medical; Lung Cancer; Chemotherapeutics
)
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[post_date] => 2024-04-08 11:48:42
[post_date_gmt] => 2024-04-08 03:48:42
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Precision Neuron Capture Therapy for Glioblastoma with Gadolinium-Loaded Stem cell–nanomedicine System
[post_excerpt] =>
[post_status] => publish
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[researchers_name] => Chiang, Chih-Sheng (江智聖)
[researchers_position] => Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taiwan
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[research_footprints] => Drug delivery; Nanoparticles; Radiotherapy; Targeted therapies
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
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[the_novelty] => This study introduces a novel stem cell–nanoparticle system (SNS) designed for the targeted treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) through gadolinium-neutron capture therapy (Gd-NCT). The research demonstrates the system's ability to deliver therapeutic agents directly to brain tumors with enhanced precision and efficacy in the orthotopic GBM-bearing rats. The key findings include the system's success in significantly increasing the concentration of gadolinium agents within the tumor compared to surrounding tissues and blood. This achievement leads to a marked improvement in survival rates following a single treatment with a minimal dose of gadolinium. The promising results open avenues for further exploration of this technology, not only for GBM but potentially for a broader range of tumors.
[the_background] => Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a highly aggressive brain tumor, poses a significant challenge due to its rapid progression and the limitations of current treatments. Traditional neutron capture therapies have been restricted by nonspecific biodistribution and rapid clearance of therapeutic agents. This research proposes a novel solution to these challenges: a stem cell–nanoparticle system (SNS) designed to deliver gadolinium-based agents directly to GBM cells. By leveraging the natural tumor-homing capabilities of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UMSCs) and the precision of nanotechnology, the SNS aims to improve the delivery and retention of therapeutic agents within the tumor. These improvements enhance the efficacy of gadolinium-neutron capture therapy (Gd-NCT) while minimizing side effects. This approach signifies a significant advancement in the targeted treatment of GBM, offering a new avenue for research and potential therapy that could significantly impact patient outcomes.
[the_sdg_impact] => Glioblastoma multiforme remains one of the most challenging cancers to treat, with a median survival time of approximately 15 months following diagnosis. This stark reality underscores the urgent need for innovative treatment strategies. The SNS directly contributes to Sustainable Development Goal 3, specifically targeting the reduction of premature mortality from non-communicable diseases through prevention and treatment. By improving the efficacy and specificity of brain cancer treatments, this research aims to extend survival rates and enhance the quality of life for patients.
[article_url] => https://bit.ly/4cOyNK9
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[publication_title] => Stem cell–nanomedicine system as a theranostic bio-gadolinium agent for targeted neutron capture cancer therapy
[journal_title] => Nature Communications
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => 2023
[subject] => Medical; Nanomedicine; Brain Tumor; Cancer
)
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[post_date] => 2024-04-08 11:33:57
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[post_content] =>
[post_title] => The Enzyme Leading the Charge Against Tumor metastasis
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[researchers_name] => Hsu, Kai-Wen (許凱文)
[researchers_position] => Drug Development Center, Institute of Translational Medicine and New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taiwan
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[research_footprints] => METTL4; 6mA; Hypoxia; lncRNA; ZMIZ1; Metastasis
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study uncoversthe pivotal role of the enzyme METTL4 in promoting tumor metastasis through the mediation of nuclear N6-methyldeoxyadenosine (6mA) in mammalian cells. By utilizing cellular models, the study demonstrates how hypoxia induces METTL4 to mediate 6mA modifications. This process, in turn, activates genes essential for tumor metastasis, including the involvement of specific long noncoding RNA and a novel HIF-1α co-activator, ZMIZ1. These findings not only shed light on the epigenetic mechanisms driving tumor progression but also establish METTL4 as a prognostic marker for cancer and a potential target for therapeutic intervention. The promise of this discovery lies in its potential to inspire new strategies for combating hypoxia-induced tumor progression, opening avenues for further research and development in cancer treatment.
[the_background] => DNA N6-methyldeoxyadenosine (6mA) has been recognized in various organisms for its role in gene regulation. However, its function in mammalian cells, particularly in the context of cancer, has remained elusive. Previous studies have shown that 6mA modifications can influence gene expression and are present in several species, indicating a potential regulatory role in tumorigenesis. This research addresses a critical gap in understanding the nuclear role of 6mA and its enzymatic mediator METTL4, in mammalian tumor cells, particularly under hypoxia (a common condition in tumor microenvironments that promotes metastasis). The study posits that METTL4-mediated 6mA deposition is a key epigenetic modification that activates metastasis-inducing genes. This finding offers a new perspective on the mechanisms of tumor progression and identifying novel targets for therapeutic intervention.
[the_sdg_impact] => According to recent World Health Organization statistics, cancer remains a leading cause of death globally, with metastatic cancers posing significant treatment challenges. This study's revelations underscore the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies to address the complex mechanisms of cancer metastasis. By linking the research findings to SDG 3, which aims to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all, the study highlights the potential for significant advancements in cancer treatment. Ultimately, the study paves the way for improved health outcomes and underscores the importance of continued investment in research and development to combat the global cancer burden.
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[publication_title] => METTL4-mediated nuclear N6-deoxyadenosine methylation promotes metastasis through activating multiple metastasis-inducing targets
[journal_title] => Genome Biology
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => 2022
[subject] => Medical; Cancer Metastasis
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[post_title] => New Strategy to Combat Drug Resistance in Breast and Ovarian Cancers
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[research_footprints] => Biomarkers; Cancer; Molecular biology
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[the_novelty] => This study uncovers a new method to sensitize ovarian and breast tumors to PARP inhibitor treatment by targeting the ALK–CDK9-Tyr19 kinase cascade. By utilizing mouse xenograft models and human tumor biospecimens, the research demonstrates that the inhibition of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) could destabilize the P-TEFb complex. In turn, this process effectively reduces tumor growth and enhances survival in models that are resistant to both PARP inhibitors and platinum-based chemotherapies. The findings reveal that ALK directly phosphorylates CDK9, enabling cancer cells to survive and proliferate despite the presence of PARP inhibitors. This discovery not only sheds light on the molecular mechanisms behind drug resistance in cancer therapy but also opens up potential avenues for combinatorial treatment strategies that could significantly improve patient outcomes.
[the_background] => Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have emerged as a promising treatment for cancers with specific genetic vulnerabilities, such as mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, which are crucial for DNA repair. However, the clinical efficacy of PARP inhibitors is significantly hampered by the development of resistance in treated cancers. Previous research has struggled to fully understand and overcome this resistance, leaving a critical gap in treatment options for patients with ovarian and breast cancers. This study identifies the phosphorylation of CDK9 by anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) as a key mechanism behind this resistance. The proposed solution involves a combination therapy using both ALK and PARP inhibitors. By demonstrating the potential of this dual-action treatment to overcome PARP inhibitor resistance, the research sets a foundation for future clinical applications that could significantly improve patient outcomes.
[the_sdg_impact] => According to the World Health Organization, breast cancer has become the most common cancer globally, with an estimated 2.3 million new cases in 2020, while ovarian cancer is not far behind in its impact on women's health worldwide. This reality emphasizes the urgent need for innovative treatments to combat these diseases effectively and reduce mortality rates. By improving the effectiveness of cancer treatments and making strides toward overcoming drug resistance, this study supports SDG 3 (Good Health & Well-being), focusing on achieving universal health coverage.
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[publication_title] => Targeting the ALK–CDK9-Tyr19 kinase cascade sensitizes ovarian and breast tumors to PARP inhibition via destabilization of the P-TEFb complex
[journal_title] => Nature Cancer
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => 2022
[subject] => Medical; Breast Cancer; Ovarian Cancer
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[post_date] => 2024-04-08 10:58:34
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[post_title] => Improved Osteoarthritis Management with Collagen 12 Binding Peptides
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[researchers_name] => HUNG, Shih-Chieh (洪士杰)
[researchers_position] => Integrative Stem Cell Center, Department of Orthopedics, China Medical University Hospital, Taiwan
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[research_footprints] => Cartilage; Magnetic resonance imaging; Mesenchymal stem cells; Regenerative medicine; Translational research
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[the_novelty] => This research introduces an effective approach to diagnosing, treating, and regenerating osteoarthritic articular cartilage by applying collagen 12 binding peptides. By using a model comprising ex vivo human cartilage as well as in vivo experiments with rats and minipigs, the study unveils that these peptides, when tagged with superparamagnetic iron oxide, improve magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detection. When conjugated with hyaluronic acid, these peptides exhibit superior retention in the damaged cartilage. Moreover, they significantly improve lubrication and stimulate regeneration by directing mesenchymal stromal cells to the affected areas. This discovery opens the door to more effective osteoarthritis treatments and potential applications in addressing other diseases involving hyaline cartilage.
[the_background] => Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint condition marked by the deterioration of articular cartilage, leading to pain, stiffness, and loss of mobility. The diarthrodial joint’s complexity and the cartilage’s inability to self-repair pose significant challenges in treating OA effectively. Traditional treatments, including anti-inflammatory drugs, lubricating injections, and surgeries, offer only symptomatic relief without addressing the underlying cause or halting disease progression. This research addresses these critical gaps by introducing a targeted delivery system using collagen 12 binding peptides identified through phage display technology. The outcome offers a novel solution by targeting the disease-modifying delivery of diagnostic agents, lubricants, and mesenchymal stromal cells directly to the damaged cartilage.
[the_sdg_impact] => According to the World Health Organization, over 300 million people worldwide suffer from osteoarthritis, making it a leading cause of disability, especially among those over 60 years old. The urgency to address this growing health crisis highlights the importance of innovative treatments that can slow the disease’s progression and improve patients’ quality of life. This research achieves SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being) by advancing medical knowledge and technologies for treating chronic diseases like osteoarthritis. Furthermore, the study supports SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure) by fostering innovation in osteoarthritis-associated healthcare technologies.
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[publication_title] => Collagen-binding peptides for the enhanced imaging, lubrication and regeneration of osteoarthritic articular cartilage
[journal_title] => Nature Biomedical Engineering
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => 2022
[subject] => Medical; Biomedical Engineering
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[post_date] => 2024-04-08 10:28:35
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[post_title] => Liver Cancer: How Tackling a Protein Could Boost Immunotherapy Success
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[research_footprints] => Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor; Schlafen 11; Serum Biomarker; Tumor-Associated Macrophage
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[the_novelty] => This study presents a discovery in the fight against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by identifying the protein Schlafen 11 (SLFN11) as a key factor influencing the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Through comprehensive analysis using humanized orthotopic HCC mouse models and in vitro co-culture systems, the research unveils how SLFN11's deficiency in tumor cells leads to an increase in C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) secretion. This phenomenon promotes the infiltration of immunosuppressive macrophages and leads to immune evasion. The study also showcases the therapeutic potential of blocking CCL2/CCR2 signaling to enhance the efficacy of ICIs in patients with low SLFN11 expression. These findings pave the way for future research to explore additional therapeutic targets within the immune landscape of HCC, offering hope for more effective treatments and improved patient outcomes.
[the_background] => Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with advanced stages showing dismal survival rates due to limited treatment efficacy. The efforts to improve the situation have focused on immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), though their success varies significantly among individuals due to the complex interplay of tumor growth and immune evasion within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Previous studies have hinted at the role of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and chemokines like CCL2 in the functional remodeling of TAMs. However, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms driving immune evasion and therapy resistance in HCC has been lacking. This research proposes a solution by identifying SLFN11's role in modulating the immune landscape of HCC, specifically its influence on macrophage polarization and CCL2 signaling. The outcome offers new avenues for enhancing ICI therapy effectiveness.
[the_sdg_impact] => Statistics from the World Health Organization reveal that liver cancer, primarily hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), contributes significantly to the cancer mortality rate. This research highlights the urgency of developing more effective treatments for HCC, aligning with SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being) by aiming to reduce premature mortality from cancer and promote access to quality essential healthcare services. Moreover, by elucidating novel targets for therapeutic intervention, this study contributes to SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure), fostering innovation through the development of new and effective treatments for HCC.
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[publication_title] => Disruption of SLFN11 Deficiency-Induced CCL2 Signaling and Macrophage M2 Polarization Potentiates Anti-PD-1 Therapy Efficacy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
[journal_title] => Gastroenterology
[publisher] => Elsevier
[year] => 2023
[subject] => Medical; Hepatocellular Carcinoma; Cancer
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[post_title] => Decoding the Nuclear Force in Nuclear Medium: Understanding Nucleon Effective Mass Splitting with Light Particle Emission
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[researchers_position] => Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, China
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[research_footprints] => Effective mass splitting, Symmetry energy, Heavy-ion collisions, Skyrme interaction
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[the_novelty] => This groundbreaking study in nuclear physics leverages the emission of light particles in heavy-ion collisions to uniquely probe nucleon effective mass splitting. The study's key finding is the discovery of a direct relationship between the slopes of the spectra of certain yield ratios and the effective mass splitting. The researchers used a comprehensive computational model, the improved quantum molecular dynamics model (ImQMD-Sky), to simulate the 86Kr + 208Pb heavy-ion collision system at beam energies ranging from 25A to 200A MeV. This work sheds light on the significant impact of effective mass splitting on heavy-ion collision observables. Moreover, it could resolve the discrepancy in effective mass splitting obtained from different analytical methods.
[the_background] => Nucleon effective mass is a fundamental parameter used to describe the motion of nucleons, the components of an atomic nucleus, in a momentum-dependent potential. A disparity in the effective masses of neutrons and protons, known as the "effective mass splitting," plays a vital role in studying thermal properties of protoneutron stars and improving the symmetry energy constraints. There have been inconsistencies in understanding this crucial phenomenon - while one set of studies indicates that the neutron effective mass is greater than the proton's, other analyses contradict this. These discrepancies underscore the crucial knowledge gap in this field, suggesting that different methods might reflect effective mass splitting at varied densities and momentum regions. Hence, this study aimed to resolve this inconsistency by using light particle emission from heavy-ion collisions as a new method to probe the nucleon effective mass splitting. The proposed solution carries significant impact as it not only fills the existing knowledge gap, but also advances our understanding of critical areas of nuclear physics, such as the thermal properties of protoneutron stars.
[the_sdg_impact] => Nuclear force in medium is important not only for predicting the properties of nuclei away from the beta-stability, but also for understanding the properties of neutron stars. As the extraordinary celestial bodies hold the key to numerous cosmic mysteries, our understanding of neutron stars is still in its early stages. The output of this study leads to better comprehension of the properties neutron-rich nuclei and cooling rates of these stars, providing advancements in astrophysical research. Thus, this study is well-aligned with UNSDG 9 - "Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure" by promoting scientific research and innovation in the field of nuclear physics and astrophysics.
[article_url] => https://bit.ly/3S6goR2
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[publication_title] => Probing nucleon effective mass splitting with light particle emission
[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => June 2023
[subject] => Engineering; Nuclear Physics; Nuclear Technology; Applied Physics
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[post_title] => Illuminating the Secrets of Nuclear Isomers with Cutting-Edge Laser-Wakefield Acceleration
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[researchers_position] => State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, China
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[researchers_position_2] => State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, China
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[research_footprints] => Photonuclear reactions; Laser plasma acceleration; Flux-averaged isomer ratio
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[the_novelty] => The study unveils a cutting-edge method for investigating nuclear isomers through the use of laser-wakefield accelerated (LWFA) electrons in photonuclear measurements, leveraging the unique environments created by the interaction between laser and target. Drawing from theoretical calculations and Geant4 simulations, researchers discovered the potential of the LWFA electron beam and its bremsstrahlung for photonuclear studies involving nuclear isomers. The main findings reveal that a stable electron beam with an energy of 78–135 MeV and a charge of 300-600 pC can be obtained from the Compact Laser Plasma Accelerator (CLAPA) laboratory experiments, enabling a new way to explore nuclear isomers and their potential applications. Additionally, a bremsstrahlung source with a peak intensity of 1019 photons/s can be generated. This innovative approach holds significant promise for future advancements in the study of nuclear isomers and further developments in their real-world applications.
[the_background] => Nuclear isomers, which have been a subject of significant interest for over a century, are excited states of atomic nuclei with unique properties and potential applications. Despite their potential uses in nuclear clocks, nuclear batteries, and gamma lasers, previous research has faced limitations in the effective population and manipulation of nuclear isomers. Studying isomeric states in nuclear astrophysics can help us better understand the formation of elements in the universe and their role in the development of life. However, approaches to produce short-lived nuclear isomers are limited. This research addresses the knowledge gap by proposing a novel approach using laser-wakefield accelerated (LWFA) electrons for photonuclear measurements. The recent advancements in high intensity and high-repetition-rate laser systems have opened new research opportunities in this area, with laser-plasma interactions providing opportunities to overcome past limitations and explore the potential of nuclear isomers more effectively.
[the_sdg_impact] => According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), global energy demand is projected to increase by 50% by 2050. This research can potentially lead to the development of more efficient energy sources like nuclear batteries, support advances in nuclear astrophysics to better comprehend the universe, and promote further innovations in nuclear technology. Hence, this groundbreaking study on nuclear isomers using laser-wakefield accelerated (LWFA) electrons directly contributes to SDG 7, which focuses on ensuring affordable and clean energy, by offering potential advancements in nuclear energy applications. Furthermore, the study also supports SDG 9, which aims to build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization, and foster innovation.
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[subject] => Engineering; Nuclear Physics; Nuclear Technology; Applied Physics
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[post_title] => Low Radiation Exposure in Carbon-Ion Radiotherapy Treatment Rooms
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[researchers_name] => LI, Qiang
[researchers_position] => Medical Physics Department, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, China
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[researchers_position_2] => Medical Physics Department, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, China
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[original_article_reference] =>
[research_footprints] => Induced radioactivity, Monte Carlo, CIRT, PHITS
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/2022_NST_Article_14_v1a-scaled.jpg
[figures] =>
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[the_novelty] => This research provides a comprehensive analysis of induced radioactivity in a carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) treatment room, utilizing the Heavy-Ion Medical Machine (HIMM) in Wuwei as a case study. By employing Monte Carlo simulations with PHITS, the study evaluates the activation of air, phantom, and various components of the beamline, delivering valuable insights into radiation protection for medical staff and patients’ family. The main findings reveal that external radiation caused by air activation is the primary source of the annual effective dose at approximately 0.5 mSv/y, while induced radioactivity exposure to family members after CIRT remains low at around 40 μSv. These results offer guidance for assessing induced radioactivity levels in CIRT treatment rooms, as well as radiation protection recommendations for medical staff and equipment decommissioning. This novel approach paves the way for future improvements in safety and efficacy of CIRT.
[the_background] => Carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) has emerged as a crucial tool in cancer treatment due to its superior physical and biological advantages compared to traditional photon radiotherapy. It is more destructive to the target volume while being less injurious to surrounding healthy tissues. However, concerns have been raised about the radiation protection for medical staff and patients in the treatment room, as high-energy therapeutic carbon-ion beams can cause materials and devices in the CIRT treatment room to become radioactive. Past studies have not comprehensively assessed the induced radioactivity in CIRT treatment rooms, leaving a knowledge gap in understanding its potential risks and impact on radiation protection. Hence, this study aimed to provide a more systematic investigation of the induced radioactivity in the treatment room for CIRT using the Monte Carlo (MC) method. The research outputs are valuable in helping medical professionals formulate protection measures, ensuring safety during radiotherapy and quality assurance.
[the_sdg_impact] => According to the World Health Organization, cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, with nearly 10 million deaths in 2020. As the prevalence of CIRT grows, it is crucial to address potential radiation hazards for medical staff and additional unwanted doses for patients to ensure safe and effective treatments. It supports SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being by providing insights into induced radioactivity in CIRT treatment rooms. Furthermore, the research contributes to SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure by helping to optimize the operation of CIRT facilities, promoting technological advancements, and fostering innovation in cancer treatment methods.
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[publication_title] => Assessment of the induced radioactivity in the treatment room of the heavy-ion medical machine in Wuwei using PHITS
[journal_title] => Nu
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => February 2023
[subject] => Engineering; Nuclear Physics; Nuclear Technology; Applied Physics
)
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[post_date] => 2023-04-26 11:04:19
[post_date_gmt] => 2023-04-26 03:04:19
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => The Success of SLEGS TOF Spectrometer in Exploring Photon-Neutron Nuclear Reactions
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[researchers_name] => CHEN, Kai-Jie (陈开杰)
[researchers_position] => School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, China
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[researchers_name_2] => LIU, Long-Xiang (刘龙祥)
[researchers_position_2] => Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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[research_footprints] => SLEGS; Time-of-flight; Photoneutron nuclear reaction
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/2022_NST_Article_13_v1-scaled.jpg
[figures] =>
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[the_novelty] => The Shanghai Laser Electron Gamma Source (SLEGS) time-of-flight (TOF) spectrometer was successfully developed and evaluated in this study as a groundbreaking tool for exploring photonuclear physics. This achievement allows precise measurement of giant dipole resonance (GDR). Using Geant4 simulations and offline experiments, the study found that the SLEGS TOF spectrometer excelled in distinguishing γ-rays and neutrons of GDR decay, with a time resolution of approximately 0.9 ns. Compared to the 3He counter tube, the ability of SLEGS TOF spectrometer to measure neutron energy leads to the precise measurement of nuclear energy level, energy level width, decay channel, branch ratio, angular distribution, differential cross section and more. The research output paves the way for further research and development of advanced tools for nuclear physics experimentation. The possible expansion of this research includes the potential for future discoveries in photonuclear physics and nuclear energy research.
[the_background] => The Shanghai Laser Electron Gamma Source (SLEGS) is a high-intensity γ-ray beamline that uses laser Compton scattering to study photonuclear reactions ranging from photon excitation to photon disintegration. Previous studies have been constrained by limitations in the construction and development of gamma sources, resulting in restricted measurements of giant dipole resonance (GDR) based on photon sources over the past 20 years. Meanwhile, efforts have been made in the past to measure photoneutron cross sections using 3He counter tubes. The total cross section data for photoneutron reactions has a large degree of disagreement and resolving this was expected to solve the difficulties in the synthesis of cosmic nucleosynthesis. However, the 3He counter tube could not carry out accurate measurement of neutron energy because of the moderation of neutrons by polyethylene. To address the existing limitations, this study developed the SLEGS time-of-flight (TOF) spectrometer, which can measure the γ-rays and neutron radiation emitted during the decay of nuclear collective states, specifically for the study of isovector giant dipole resonance (IVGDR). The successful development of SLEGS TOF spectrometer provides a reliable reference for the selection of detectors and the layout of the SLEGS TOF spectrometer. This will lead to major progress in the measurement of photon-neutron nuclear reactions and broaden our understanding of nuclear structures.
[the_sdg_impact] => The application of nuclear technology faces several challenges, including the safe disposal of nuclear waste, the potential for nuclear accidents, and concerns about nuclear weapons proliferation. This indicates the urgent need to advance research in nuclear physics and photonuclear reactions. The successful development and evaluation of the Shanghai Laser Electron Gamma Source (SLEGS) time-of-flight (TOF) spectrometer play important roles in contributing to the rapid advancement of nuclear science and technology (UNSDG 9).
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41365-023-01194-3
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[publication_title] => Simulation and test of the SLEGS TOF spectrometer at SSRF
[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => April 2023
[subject] => Engineering; Nuclear Physics; Nuclear Technology; Applied Physics
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[post_date] => 2023-04-26 10:29:12
[post_date_gmt] => 2023-04-26 02:29:12
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Efficient and Sustainable Transplutonium Isotope Production: A New Diagnostic Approach
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[researchers_name] => PAN, Qingquan
[researchers_position] => School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
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[research_footprints] => Transplutonium isotope; Rapid diagnostic method; Production optimization; Single energy interval value; Energy spectrum total value
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/2022_NST_Article_12_v3-scaled.jpg
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[the_novelty] => In this study, a novel rapid diagnostic method was developed for optimizing the production of transplutonium isotope through high flux reactor irradiation. The proposed method was based on the concept of "Single Energy Interval Value (SEIV)" and "Energy Spectrum Total Value (ESTV)", which significantly improved the production efficiency of isotopes such as 252Cf (by 15.08 times), 244Cm (by 65.20 times), 242Cm (by 11.98 times), and 238Pu (by 7.41 times). As a promising alternative to the traditional Monte Carlo burnup calculation method, this method offers a more efficient approach to evaluate radiation schemes and optimize the design parameters. The research discovery provides a theoretical basis for further refining the analysis of transplutonium isotope production, leading to more efficient and sustainable production methods. Future studies could focus on the implementation of energy spectrum conversion technology to further improve the optimal energy spectrum.
[the_background] => The production of transplutonium isotope, which are essential in numerous fields such as military and space technology, remains inefficient despite being produced through irradiation in a high flux reactor. Past studies on the optimization of transplutonium isotope production through irradiation in a high flux reactor have been limited by the computational complexity of traditional methods such as Monte Carlo burnup calculation. These limitations have hindered the refinement of the evaluation, screening, and optimization of the irradiation schemes. Hence, this research aimed to develop a rapid diagnostic method for evaluating radiation schemes that can improve the production efficiency of isotopes such as 252Cf, 244Cm, 242Cm, and 238Pu. The outcome of the study showed great potential in advancing the production of transplutonium isotope, which have numerous applications in fields such as military, energy, and space technology.
[the_sdg_impact] => The limited production rate of transplutonium isotopes poses a significant challenge in meeting the growing demand for sustaining the nuclear industry (i.e. energy and military). This research provides a sustainable solution to improve the efficiency of transplutonium isotope production through a novel rapid diagnostic method. Thus, it fulfils UNSDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) by providing a sustainable source of energy, as well as UNSDG 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure) by promoting technological innovation in the nuclear industry, especially for military use.
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41365-023-01185-4
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[publication_title] => Rapid diagnostic method for transplutonium isotope production in high flux reactors
[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => March 2023
[subject] => Engineering; Nuclear Physics; Nuclear Technology; Applied Physics
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[post_date] => 2023-04-26 09:44:59
[post_date_gmt] => 2023-04-26 01:44:59
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => MING@SHINE: A Proposal for Future XFEL
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[researchers_name] => DENG, Haixiao
[researchers_position] => Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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[researchers_profile] => https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Haixiao-Deng
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[research_footprints] => X-ray free-electron laser; Free electron laser oscillator; Fully coherent X-ray
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[the_novelty] => This study thoroughly proposed the design of Megahertz cavIty eNhanced x-ray Generation (MING) which was meant to be set up in China’s first hard X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) facility i.e. SHINE. The proposal covers crucial topics like principles and performance of MING, key components of MING, as well as X-ray transport and diagnostics. MING will be equipped with an undulator of period 26 mm and crystal cavity, covering the energy range of 6–15 keV. Moreover, MING will be able to generate X-ray with pulse bandwidth of a few tens of meV, while the pulse energies can achieve 300 µJ, corresponding to the spectral brightness increased by 2-3 orders of magnitude. Besides producing high-intensity fully coherent X-rays, MING allows for full control of the polarization of X-rays and can also deliver orbital angular momentum (OAM) light, indicating its superb scalability. To-date, the first cavity-based XFEL facility is yet to be completed. Therefore, the proposal of MING would definitely broaden scientists’ horizon on cavity-based XFEL’s potential and applications, leading to groundbreaking discoveries.
[the_background] => X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) is a new generation X-ray source which facilitates the rapid progress of multiple research areas. SHINE (China’s first hard XFEL facility), an 8 GeV high-repetition-rate XFEL facility equipped with a continuous-wave (CW) superconducting radio frequency linear accelerator (RF linac), was proposed to be set up in Shanghai in 2017 and estimated to be complete in 2025. Despite being foreseen to deliver brilliant, nearly fully transversely coherent, and ultra-short X-ray pulses, scientists are also aware of its low longitudinal coherence and poor stability. Although the self-seeding technique (for hard X-ray regime) could overcome the problems, high intensity jitter might take place because self-seeding schemes are based on self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE). Nonetheless, since SHINE will be providing 8 GeV electron bunches at ∼ 1 MHz, it bears the potential to operate a cavity-based XFEL (e.g. XFELOs and RAFELs) which produces fully coherent laser-like X-ray pulses. In order to materialize that within the context of SHINE, this study planned and proposed the design of Megahertz cavIty enhanced X-ray generation (MING) for generating X-rays in the energy range of 6–15 keV. With the optimum design and parameters, MING was predicted to be the key to push the performance of SHINE to a new level.
[the_sdg_impact] => One of the ultimate goals of XFEL is to generate fully coherent pulses and the cavity-based FEL is a promising candidate to achieve this goal. Thus, cavity-based FELs could potentially bring tremendous advancement to various research fields including atomic and molecular science, photon science, and advanced materials. The realization of MING@SHINE will be a remarkable milestone in the evolution of XFELs and, hence, this study is well-aligned with UNSDG 9: Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure.
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41365-022-01151-6
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/MING-.jpg
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[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => January 2023
[subject] => Engineering; Nuclear Physics; Nuclear Technology; Applied Physics
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[post_date] => 2023-02-15 10:38:51
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[post_title] => Accurate Prediction of Cross-section of Extremely Rare Isotope
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[researchers_name] => MA, Chun Wang
[researchers_position] => College of Physics, Henan Normal University, China
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[research_footprints] => Bayesian neural network (BNN); FRACS; Drip line; Extremely rare isotope; Projectile fragmentation
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[the_novelty] => To pursue the exploration of drip line nuclides, this study performed multiple-models predictions to predict the cross-sections of extremely rare isotope (ERI) produced in typical projectile fragmentation (PF) reactions in the Facility for Rare Isotope Beam (FRIB), namely 78,86Kr + 9Be, 58,64Ni + 9Be, and 40,48Ca + 9Be reactions at 140 MeV/u. The multiple-models predictions comprised the EPAX3, FRACS, Bayesian neural network technology (BNN), and BNN + FRACS models. Results showed that both neutron and proton drip lines can be reached for elements of atomic number ≤ 11 with the lowest cross-section of 10−15 mb. The newly created most neutron-rich 39Na verifies the high precision of BNN prediction. Based on the promising results, future studies may apply the proposed methods to enhance the feasibility of creating a larger variety of ERIs in the newly commissioned FRIB factory, leading to more advanced experimental research.
[the_background] => Short-life, unstable, radioactive nuclei are exotic when they develop unusual structures. In order to facilitate the advancement of research, modern rare isotope beam (RIB) factories were set up to enhance the production of extremely rare isotopes (ERI) at or near drip lines. The ERI can be produced more effectively via a higher-level understanding on the projectile fragmentation reactions. As an effort to achieve that, this study performed multi-models predictions of cross-sections for ERIs in typical reactions using EPAX3, FRACS, BNN, and BNN + FRACS models, of which the BNN and BNN + FRACS models were newly developed massive learning models using Bayesian Neural Networks. The output of the study confirmed the feasibility to create a significantly large number of new isotopes in FRIB, leading to a richer knowledge base for nuclear structure, nuclear reaction, and nuclear astrophysics.
[the_sdg_impact] => The new rare isotope factories provide unique technology to extend the boundaries on the chart of nucleus in experiments. This study shows how far from the β-stability line the ERI can reach within the lowest detecting limitations in the newly commissioned FRIB in Michigan State University, USA. By supporting future research related to nuclear science, its output is very well-aligned with UNSDG 9: Industries, Innovation & Infrastructure.
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41365-022-01137-4
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[publication_title] => Multiple-models predictions for drip line nuclides in projectile fragmentation of 40,48 Ca, 58,64 Ni, and 78,86 Kr at 140 MeV/u
[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => December 2022
[subject] => Engineering; Nuclear Physics; Nuclear Technology; Applied Physics
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[post_date_gmt] => 2023-01-16 02:56:19
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[post_title] => Nanoscale Radiation Damage-Free Imaging by Coherent Scattering and Imaging Endstation
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[researchers_name] => FAN, Jiadong
[researchers_position] => The Center for Transformative Science, Shanghaitech University, China
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[researchers_position_2] => The Center for Transformative Science, Shanghaitech University, China
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[original_article_reference] =>
[research_footprints] => X-ray free electron laser; Coherent diffraction imaging; Fourier transform holography; Single-shot imaging; Phase retrieval
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/2022_NST_Article_08_v2_EN-scaled.jpg
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[the_novelty] => This study presents the first commissioning results of the coherent scattering and imaging (CSI) endstation (first of five) at the Shanghai soft X-ray Free-Electron Laser (SXFEL). Nanoscale imaging was reconstructed successfully based on the single-shot holograms and coherent diffraction patterns recorded. During the test on gold nanocubes, the diffraction signals extended to the edge of the CCD detector attributing to the ultrahigh peak brilliance of the SXFEL. Besides that, the missing central area was lesser than the central speckle. The reconstructed image allowed accurate estimation of the edge length of the cubic particles. For gold nanospheres, clear interference speckles were observed and they indicated the presence of multiple nanosphere. Moreover, the test on mitochondria proved the high feasibility of the CSI endstation for “diffraction before destruction” experiments. High-contrast mitochondria structures could be observed (without sectioning) due to the penetration depth and unique imaging opportunities for high contrast in the “water window” energy range (wavelength between 4.40 to 2.33nm). Upon performing a fast Fourier transform of a gold film hologram, both the Fourier transform holography (FTH) image and the reconstructed image (using phase retrieval techniques) were consistent with the scanning electron microscope (SEM) results. Other than commissioning the remaining four endstations in year 2022, the cryogenic sample environment, aerosol sample injector, high-performance detector with a large dynamic range, and optical pump lasers will also be commissioned for in situ and time-resolved experiments at the CSI endstation.
[the_background] => X-ray-based microscopes have been used for high-resolution nanoscale imaging to study extremely fine structures. Following the progressive maturity of both coherent X-ray light sources and novel X-ray imaging methods, coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) (i.e. a novel lensless imaging method) has been developed to examine fine structures at nanoscale. Meanwhile, X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) are powerful X-ray sources which produce ultra-bright and highly coherent femtosecond pulses. Its advantages include spatial and temporal coherence as well as gigawatt peak power. Taking advantage of the excellent properties of XFEL and CDI, the single-shot diffraction patterns can be recorded with the femtosecond pulses before the radiation damage occurs. Thus, the radiation damage-free structures of samples can be achieved at nanoscale. The Shanghai Soft X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility (SXFEL) is the first X-ray FEL facility in China. Built on the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) campus, its X-ray achieves an energy range of 100 – 620 eV while comprising 1.5 GeV linear accelerator, two undulator lines, two beamlines, and five endstations. In Phase 1, the SXFEL consists of 5 proposed endstations meant for different scopes of study, i.e. dynamic scattering and high spatial and temporal imaging, ultrafast physical phenomena, surface and ultrafast chemical processes, as well as atomic and molecular physics. The high temporal and spatial resolution falls under the role of coherent scattering and imaging (CSI) endstation. This study chose the CSI endstation as the first endstation to be commissioned. The successful commissioning of CSI endstation unvealed its high efficiency in high-resolution radiation damage-free imaging at nanoscale.
[the_sdg_impact] => Ultrafast high-resolution nanoscale imaging is an essential characterization technique for studies focusing on functional materials, biological cells, and organelles. The successful commissioning of CSI endstation of SXFEL and its future effort could significantly enhance the advancement of research of various fields. With easier access to the state-of-the-art facilities, limitless achievement can be realized within shorter time frame. Hence, the output of this study fulfils UNSDG 9: Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure.
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41365-022-01103-0
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[publication_title] => First commissioning results of the coherent scattering and imaging endstation at the Shanghai soft X-ray free-electron laser facility
[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => September 2022
[subject] => Engineering; Nuclear Physics; Nuclear Technology; Applied Physics
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[post_date] => 2023-01-16 09:53:39
[post_date_gmt] => 2023-01-16 01:53:39
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[post_title] => BHV Calcification Overcome by Two-Step Decellularization Strategy
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[researchers_name] => GAO, Caiyun
[researchers_position] => Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, China
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[researchers_position_2] => R&D Center, Lifevalve Medical Scientific Co., Ltd, China
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[research_footprints] => Heart valve; Anticalcification; Collagen; In vivo biomineralization; Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI); Extracellular matrix; Biomacromolecular network; Biosurfactant; Bovine pericardium
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/2022_CPP_Article_04_v1-1-scaled.jpg
[figures] =>
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[the_novelty] => This study revealed a two-step decellularization (TSD) strategy which effectively led to ultra-low in vivo calcification in bovine pericardial bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs). After the traditional decellularization and glutaraldehyde (GA) cross-linking, the BHV was introduced to a second-step decellularization by employing a mild biosurfactant n-dodecyl-β-D-maltoside. In pre-clinical studies, the TSD strategy remarkably lowered the in vivo calcification from 138.6 to 1.1 μg/mg, while rendering low cytotoxicity and superior mechanical properties in vitro. Based on the outcome, future studies may explore the feasibility to improve the overall properties of bioprosthetic products by using similar types of mild biosurfactants.
[the_background] => Among the common artificial heart valves, bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs) are preferred over mechanical heart valves for their impressive hemodynamic performance, independence of lifelong anticoagulation, and superior level of anti-infection. The commercial BHVs are usually made of either porcine pericardium (PP) or bovine pericardium (BP) treated by glutaraldehyde (GA). The BHVs’ main cause of failure is calcification which is very likely to be given rise by phospholipids in plasma membranes and intracellular membranes. To overcome calcification, past studies attempted to employ non-glutaraldehyde cross-linking agents and anticalcification treatments but the outcomes were not ideal. In order to pursue further, this study developed a two-step decellularization (TSD) strategy which involved the use of n-dodecyl-β-D-maltoside (DDM) in the mixture of isopropanol (IPA) and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The promising output verified the potential of the biosurfactant employed and, thus, created a new research avenue for improving and enhancing the existing interventional bioprosthetic products.
[the_sdg_impact] => In the US, there are 25,000 deaths each year due to heart valve disease. This alarming figure indicates that interventional bioprosthetic products with higher reliability will contribute to the longevity of humans. Hence, by developing effective strategies to enhance the performance and lifespan of BHV, this study shows a good alignment with UNSDG 3: Good Health & Well-being.
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10118-022-2843-9
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[publication_title] => A Biosurfactant-containing TSD Strategy to Modify Bovine Pericardial Bioprosthetic Valves for Anticalcification
[journal_title] => Chinese Journal of Polymer Science
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => September 2022
[subject] => Polymer Science; Medical
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[post_date] => 2022-12-14 10:34:06
[post_date_gmt] => 2022-12-14 02:34:06
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Impact of Chain Flexibility and Connectivity on Polymer Crystallization
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[researchers_name] => LI, Liangbin
[researchers_position] => National Synchrotron Radiation Lab, University of Science and Technology of China, China
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[research_footprints] => Polymer crystallization; Chain flexibility; Chain connectivity; Nucleation
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[the_novelty] => What are the fundamental features that determine the unique properties of polymers? This review thoroughly discussed the significance of chain flexibility and connectivity in the crystallization of polymers. With regards to chain flexibility, it has been verified that conformational ordering can occur before crystallization. This was assisted by a local interchain order such as bond-orientation order. Furthermore, the mechanism underlying the occurrence of conformational ordering without the assistance of crystal packing has been elucidated. Chain connectivity is crucial for the formation of semicrystalline lamellar stack structure and also for intrachain nucleation. Compared to crystallization of small molecules, polymer crystallization is harder due to chain entanglement which brings in entanglement pressure and leads to higher nucleation barrier. Meanwhile, the entanglement free energy has a major influence in determining crystallization behavior. Based on the review, the author proposed several potential directions to further pursue the investigation in chain flexibility and connectivity.
[the_background] => Chain flexibility and connectivity play pivotal roles in the unique properties of polymer materials, including crystallization, mechanics, and rheology. Nonetheless, the existing theories of polymer crystallization were established based on those of small molecules crystallization without considering the peculiar features of polymer. In order to achieve a better understanding of polymer crystallization, quantitative prediction with molecular details is necessary. Thus, chain flexibility and connectivity must be considered in the molecular theory of polymer crystallization. As an effort to realize that, this review focused on the impact of chain flexibility and connectivity in polymer materials. The output of the review paved a path as part of the critical steps to develop the theory of polymer crystallization.
[the_sdg_impact] => Polymers are indispensable in the facilitation of human life and are crucial for medication, communication, transportation, urbanization and more. The theory of polymer crystallization is listed as one of the top ten challenges in polymer science. Therefore, by revealing why and how polymer chains assemble into semicrystalline state, this study materialized UNSDG 9: Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure.
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10118-022-2804-3
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[publication_title] => Chain Flexibility and Connectivity: The Uniqueness of Polymer Crystallization
[journal_title] => Chinese Journal of Polymer Science
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => August 2022
[subject] => Polymer Science
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[post_date] => 2022-11-12 13:48:19
[post_date_gmt] => 2022-11-12 05:48:19
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => State-of-the-Art CEPC 650 MHz Superconducting Radio-Frequency Cavity
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[researchers_name] => SHA, Peng (沙鹏)
[researchers_position] => Accelerator Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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[researchers_name_2] => PAN, Weimin (潘卫民)
[researchers_position_2] => Accelerator Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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[research_footprints] => SRF cavity; Accelerating gradient; Quality factor; Electropolishing; Vertical test
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/2022_NST_Article_09_v2-scaled.jpg
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[the_novelty] => This study demonstrated that the Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) 650 MHz single-cell superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities could achieve ultrahigh accelerating gradient (Eacc) by applying a combination of buffered chemical polishing (BCP) and electropolishing (EP). The values of Eacc achieved were above 40 MV/m. Besides, after medium-temperature furnace baking, the SRF cavities achieved an ultrahigh Q0 of 8 × 1010 at 22 MV/m and an extremely low BCS resistance (RBCS) of ~1.0 nΩ at 2.0 K. Two 650 MHz SRF cavities were involved throughout the process of validating the effect of the combination of BCP and EP. By showing the pivotal roles of surface treatments on the performance of SRF cavities, the research output paved a clear path for future research on large SRF cavities.
[the_background] => The superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavity is a crucial component of particle accelerators, such as high-energy colliders, proton/neutron sources, free electron lasers and synchrotron light sources. The Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) is a high-energy collider of the Higgs factory. The collider ring of the CEPC is equipped with hundreds of 650 MHz SRF cavities. To meet the high requirements of accelerators, the SRF cavities must exhibit high accelerating gradient (Eacc) and high intrinsic quality factor (Q0). The cavities are commonly treated by either buffered chemical polishing (BCP) or electropolishing (EP). However, SRF cavities processed by BCP face challenge in achieving high Eacc, owing to the high surface roughness brought about by BCP. On the other hand, although EP could render higher Eacc, it is a complicated process which also involves higher cost. As such, it was speculated that the combination of BCP and EP could be a feasible way for large SRF cavities to achieve high Eacc. To validate the feasibility of the combination of BCP and EP, this study applied the combined treatment on two 650 MHz SRF cavities and excellent results were obtained. Since the treatment procedures can be replicated easily, the output facilitates the advancement of future studies related to SRF.
[the_sdg_impact] => Particle accelerators play an important role in the advancement of high-energy and nuclear physics. The performance of SRF cavities is very critical as they greatly affect the scale and cost of particle accelerators. In order to contribute to the advancement of research related to SRF, this study developed a highly-feasible and remarkable technique which significantly enhanced the performance of 650 MHz SRF cavities. Therefore, its output showed good alignment with UNSDG 9: Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure.
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41365-022-01109-8
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[publication_title] => Ultrahigh accelerating gradient and quality factor of CEPC 650 MHz superconducting radio-frequency cavity
[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => October 2022
[subject] => Engineering; Nuclear Physics; Nuclear Technology; Applied Physics
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[post_date] => 2022-11-12 13:31:57
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[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Nuclear System Design via JMCT3.0 Particle Transport Program
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[researchers_name] => LI, Deng (邓力)
[researchers_position] => Computational Physics Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, China
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[research_footprints] => Advanced modeling; High-performance numerical simulation; Multi-physics coupled calculation; Large-scale parallel computing; JMCT
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[the_novelty] => The JMCT3.0 (Joint Monte Carlo Transport 3.0) (latest version) has been coupled with depletion, thermal-hydraulics and fuel property for the simulation of reactor nuclear-hot feedback effects. Besides conducting multiphysics coupled calculations, one of JMCT3.0’s latest features is being able to work with the functions of proton, atmosphere and molecule transport. Since JMCT3.0 was developed based on the combinatorial geometry parallel infrastructure, JCOGIN, and the adaptive structured mesh infrastructure, JASMIN, it supports the geometry bodies, structured and unstructured meshes. Besides that, advanced algorithms (e.g. DD, UTD, OTF, and FCSBC) have been developed for JMCT3.0. Therefore, it is capable of simulating high-complexity device problems such as reactor physics, criticality safety analysis, radiation shielding, detector response, nuclear well logging, dosimetry calculations, and reactor nuclear-hot feedback effects. Moreover, high consistency was obtained by comparing JMCT3.0’s results and those from other state-of-the-art Monte Carlo programs like MC21, OpenMC, and KENO-VI. Future effort is being strategized to enhance the computing efficiency. The complication of uncertainty quantification and propagation of errors is an essential area to consider in the future. Furthermore, new algorithms need to be developed to reduce computing fees and JMCT is evolving progressively towards this goal.
[the_background] => The Monte Carlo method has given rise to the development of multiple physical programs for the study of nuclear science engineering, statistical physics, biomedicine, quantum mechanics, molecular dynamics, petroleum geophysical exploration, finance, information, operational research, polymer chemistry and more. Meanwhile, a general high-performance numerical simulation program JMCT was used to simulate neutron, photon, electron, proton, light radiation, atmosphere, and molecule transport. Especially for those problems which the memory exceeds the limit of a single core or node, JMCT can easily simulate by domain decomposition. At present, JMCT can simulate extremely complicated nuclear system problems and the high-precision numerical simulation results have been obtained. JMCT serves as a crucial complement to the existing numerical simulations for nuclear science studies. It will expand continuously and enhance the facilities as well as speed up the advancement of nuclear research.
[the_sdg_impact] => Via Monte Carlo numerical simulation, the physical quantities can easily obtain both measurable and immeasurable values, especially for some extreme conditions which are inaccessible by experiments. This indicates the necessity to keep enhancing the functions and capabilities of JMCT. Besides, the high upgradability of JMCT shows great potential to fill in the demand gap between numerical simulations and experiments. Hence, by developing JMCT3.0, this study fulfils UNSDG Goal 9: Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure.
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41365-022-01092-0
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/JMCT32.jpg
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-022-01092-0
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[publication_title] => A high fidelity general purpose 3-D Monte Carlo particle transport program JMCT3.0
[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => August 2022
[subject] => Engineering; Nuclear Physics; Nuclear Technology; Applied Physics
)
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[post_date] => 2022-10-24 19:30:22
[post_date_gmt] => 2022-10-24 11:30:22
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Boosting Propane Dehydrogenation with Nanostructured Catalysts
[post_excerpt] =>
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[researchers_name] => GONG, Jinlong (巩金龙)
[researchers_position] => School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin university, China
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Dehydrogenation.png
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[research_footprints] => Alkyls; Catalysts; Organic reactions; Oxides,Platinum
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/AMR_Article_01_v2_EN-1-scaled.jpg
[figures] =>
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[the_novelty] => Is there any room to improve the existing dehydrogenation catalysts? The research of the Energy and Catalysis Adventure Team (ECAT) from Tianjin University shows comprehensively how metal and metal oxide nanostructured catalysts (NCs) can be controlled to enhance the efficiency of propane dehydrogenation (PDH). The efficiency is tackled from three main aspects i.e. the NC’s composition, defects, and confinement. The introduction of promoters and supports contributes to higher PDH efficiency. For metal NCs (e.g. Pt-based), the increase of geometric separation and charge density of surface active sites have successfully increased the PDH efficiency, attributing to the prevented coke deposition and nanoparticles sintering (which can also be inhibited by zeolite framework confinement). The ECAT group has demonstrated that single-atom/intermetallic alloys with higher isolation degree and electron density could be potentially employed for highly efficient PDH processes. For metal oxide NCs (e.g. VOx-based), inducing intrinsic defect sites has increased the PDH efficiency. Dispersion as well as confinement of NC in nanoporous materials could result in higher oxide activity and stability. The feasibility of catalysts based on lower-cost transition metals (e.g. nickel, iron, and cobalt) has been investigated as replacements. The ECAT group has further developed novel processes such as chemical looping oxidative dehydrogenation technology to break the thermodynamic equilibrium limitation of conversion in conventional PDH. The ECAT group currently focuses on the scale-up of the nanostructured catalyst manufacturing and the optimization of PDH process to promote the industrial production of propylene.
[the_background] => The existing commercial-grade Pt- and CrOx-based catalysts have been showing promising performance in the mass production of propylene. However, the need for high working temperature (>500 °C) is causing adverse effects on the overall efficiency of propane dehydrogenation (PDH). Due to the limitations, nanostructured catalysts (NCs) have received attention for their tunable properties to achieve better PDH efficiency. Since the PDH efficiency is held back by the instability of the NCs, this research focuses on optimizing the performance through controllable regulation of metal- and oxide-based NCs. Beyond demonstrating the effective methods to obtain higher PDH efficiency, the outcomes of this research also serve as a significant reference for future studies related to PDH.
[the_sdg_impact] => Propylene, with its global annual production approaching 100 million tonnes, is essential in chemical manufacturing. If its production efficiency can be further enhanced, this will help to maintain the affordability of a wide range of chemicals. In order to realize this goal, this study has come up with feasible and effective methods for more efficient PDH. Thus, by enhancing the research on propylene production, their achievement is very well-aligned with UNSDG 9: Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure.
[article_url] => https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/accountsmr.0c00012
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Dehydrogenation-2.jpg
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1021/accountsmr.0c00012
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[publication_title] => Nanostructured Catalysts toward Efficient Propane Dehydrogenation
[journal_title] => Accounts of Materials Research
[publisher] => ACS Publication
[year] => September 2020
[subject] => Material Science; Chemistry
)
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[post_date] => 2022-10-12 16:01:11
[post_date_gmt] => 2022-10-12 08:01:11
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[post_title] => Fabrication of Nanofiltration Membranes via Surface and Interface Engineering
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[researchers_name] => ZHU, Cheng-Ye (朱城业)
[researchers_position] => Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, China
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Nanofiltration-.png
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[researchers_name_2] => GUO, Bian-Bian (郭变变)
[researchers_position_2] => Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, China
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[research_footprints] => Nanofiltration; Thin-film composite membranes; Mussel-inspired deposition; Interfacial polymerization
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/2022_CPP_Article_03_v1_EN-scaled.jpg
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[the_novelty] => A team of researchers successfully constructed nanofiltration membranes with superior quality using the mussel-inspired deposition methods. Such was achieved via a two-part approach to fabricate the thin-film composite (TFC) nanofiltration membranes. Firstly, the substrate surface was coated through fast and novel deposition to form a dense, robust, and functional selective layer. Then, the structure controllability of the selective layer was enhanced by optimizing the interfacial polymerization (IP) process. As a result, the properties of nanofiltration membranes produced are with high durability and added functionality. When put into a bigger perspective, these high-performance TFC nanofiltration membranes are potential solutions to a number of fields, including water softening, wastewater treatment, and pharmaceutical purification. Hence, there is a need to further explore and expand the application in an industrial scale instead of being bound within the walls of the laboratories.
[the_background] => Membrane-based technologies, especially enhanced nanofiltration systems, have been highly explored due to their myriad of distinct properties, primarily for their high efficiency, mild operation, and strong adaptability. Among these, the TFC nanofiltration membranes are favoured for their smaller molecular weight cutoff, and narrower pore size distribution which lead to higher divalent and multivalent ion rejection ability. Moreover, these membranes show better designability owing to their thin selective layer make-up and porous support with different chemical compositions. However, the interfacial polymerization (IP) rate of reaction is known to affect the permeability and selectivity of the TFC nanofiltration membranes by weakening the controllability of the selective layer structure. Therefore, this study was designed to improve the structural quality of the TFC nanofiltration membranes through surface and interface engineering, and subsequently, increase the functionality.
[the_sdg_impact] => It is one of the ambitions of the United Nations to ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all (SDG 6: Clean water and sanitation). A report by the United Nations’ Water for Life initiative stated that one in four people do not have access to safe drinking water, and up to 50% of the global population are at risk of living in water stressed areas by 2025. With such concerns looming close, undoubtably, there is a demand for advanced and efficient wastewater treatment technology to be put in place. Thus, the successful designing of improved and highly functional TFC nanofiltration membranes through innovative approaches portrayed in this study could be the much-needed solution in addressing these issues.
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10118-022-2654-z
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Nanofiltration-3.jpg
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[publication_title] => Surface and Interface Engineering for Advanced Nanofiltration Membranes
[journal_title] => Chinese Journal of Polymer Science
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => January 2022
[subject] => Engineering; Polymer
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[post_date] => 2022-10-12 13:02:47
[post_date_gmt] => 2022-10-12 05:02:47
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Well-controlled Permeability of the Polymersomes for Efficient Drug Delivery
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[researchers_name] => DU, Jianzhong
[researchers_position] => Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, China
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[research_footprints] => Polymersome; Drug delivery; Phase separation; Programmed drug release
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/2022_CPP_Article_02_v5_EN-scaled.jpg
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[the_novelty] => This research designed polymersomes with inhomogeneous membranes capable of programmed drug release with accurate control by modifying the molecular architecture and photo-cross-linking degree of the polymer. The process involved introduced crystalline PCL moiety as part of the membrane’s molecular structure via the synthesis of three polymersomes with different hydrophobic chains, PEO43-b-P(CL45-stat-CTCL25), PEO43-b-P(CL108-stat-CTCL16), and PEO43-b-PCTCL4-b-PCL79. As a result of the amorphous PCTCL moieties in the membranes, high permeability with finely tunable drug release rate was achieved. A series of mesoscopic dynamics (MesoDyn) simulations and doxorubicin release tests affirmed that the membrane permeability is indeed related to the membrane phase separation of the polymersome. In conclusion, membrane phase separation technique used for the modification of polymersomes improved programmed drug release rate; thus, promising great significance in the field of drug delivery.
[the_background] => In the field of biomedicine, small molecules relied on membranes such as polymersomes as carriers for drug delivery. Thus, the effectiveness and efficiency of drug delivery become key focus points when considering treatment development for a range of diseases, including cancer. Despite being heavily researched and among the promising choice as drug delivery vessels, conventional polymersome membranes lack efficiency due to its homogeneity, making it harder for the drug to be released. This led to recent research centering their attentions in modifying and customizing polymersome membranes to allow programmed release of small molecular drugs to meet the demands of biomedical practices. As a continuation of past efforts, this research intends to overcome the challenge of high permeability of the PCTCL-based polymersomes caused by their amorphous nature, rendering it efficient to deliver small molecules for broader applications.
[the_sdg_impact] => As the global population continues to expand along with longevity, the importance and use of medicines are expected to increase. However, this will lead to a greater impact on the ecosystem and our health in the long term. Hence, there is a growing need to support precision medicine and to reduce ineffective medicine use which could burden patient, society and environment in the long run. The outcome of this research, the enhanced capability of programmed drug release via the modification of polymersomes, meets such demand. (SDG 3: Good health and well-being)
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10118-022-2683-7
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[publication_title] => Controlling Membrane Phase Separation of Polymersomes for Programmed Drug Release
[journal_title] => Chinese Journal of Polymer Science
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => February 2022
[subject] => Medical; Drug Delivery
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[post_date] => 2022-10-10 11:08:52
[post_date_gmt] => 2022-10-10 03:08:52
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[post_title] => Optimized Deep Learning Model Utilizes Chest X-ray Scans for Automated COVID-19 Detection
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[researchers_name] => SWAMY, Siddhalinga P C
[researchers_position] => Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, India
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[research_footprints] => Covid-19; CNN; Ensemble; ECOC; GWO; SVM; WOA
[graphic_abstract] =>
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[the_novelty] => Based on the study, the Convolution Neural Network (CNN) model, which is a deep learning-based model optimized through the proposed methodology, can successfully detect COVID-19 cases and distinguish chest X-ray images of viral pneumonia patients and COVID-19 apart from healthy individuals. Two datasets of chest X-ray images consisting of normal, COVID-19 and viral pneumonia were used for training and testing the CNN model. The model was tested with dataset 1 and optimized through automatic tuning of hyper parameters. Then, dataset 2 was used to train and test the model with the parameters being constant from the previous testing. The results indicated that the proposed deep learning-based model showed 98% and 96% classification accuracy for datasets 1 and 2, respectively. However, further testing of the efficiency of the model should be carried out using a robust dataset consisting of images of various respiratory diseases.
[the_background] => The study is carried out to develop an optimized Convolution Neural Network (CNN) model that could be potentially used as an automated diagnostic tool for screening COVID-19 patients using chest X-ray scans. The study indicated that other diagnostic techniques designed using CNN showed limitations, such as the accuracy of the models in classifying COVID-19 was affected by the images used for training. This is because the changes in the image pixels caused by rotation and resize actions were not considered during the model's optimization procedure. As a result, the models fail to classify COVID-19 affected chest X-ray scans apart from normal and viral pneumonia chest X-ray scans. The proposed deep learning-based model aims to address the limitations demonstrated by previous deep learning-based models to increase the accuracy of COVID-19 detection.
[the_sdg_impact] => The COVID-19 outbreak, which was declared a global pandemic has resulted in a major global crisis and has taken more than 6 million lives worldwide as reported by World Health Organization (WHO). In the study, the optimized deep learning-based model is a potential diagnostic tool for COVID-19 detection due to its higher accuracy compared to existing gold standard diagnostic tools. The UN’s Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) strongly associated with the study is “Goal 3: Good Health and Well-Being”. The study is also linked with “Goal 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure” as the innovation of using chest X-ray images to train and optimize a deep learning-based model can be used to replace the existing diagnostic tool and prevent any misclassification among patients.
[article_url] => https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568494621001617
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/CNN-.jpg
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2021.107238
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[publication_title] => Automated Detection of Covid-19 from Chest X-ray scans using an optimized CNN architecture
[journal_title] => Applied Soft Computing
[publisher] => Elsevier
[year] => June 2021
[subject] => Medical; Covid-19
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[post_date] => 2022-10-10 10:52:49
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[post_title] => Development of COVID-19 Diagnostic Tool via Deep Learning Models Trained with Patient’s Chest X-ray and CT Images
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[researchers_name] => SIDDESHAPPA, Nandish
[researchers_position] => School of Information Sciences, Manipal University, India
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[research_footprints] => COVID19; Deep Learning; Artificial Intelligence; Classification; Prediction
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[video] =>
[the_novelty] => In the study, the pre-trained model, VGG16, demonstrated the most consistent performance compared to other deep-learning-based models. This was concluded by the results that indicated the validation accuracy of VGG16 was 76.6% and 87.76% for CT and X-ray images, respectively. The study was conducted by training, testing, and validating several models with CT and X-ray images from COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients, followed by quantifying various parameters. In the study, the validation accuracy of Xception was the highest when trained with X-ray images, whereas the validation accuracy of VGG19 was highest when trained with CT images. Furthermore, the use of X-ray images for training has indicated better outcomes among models than CT images for training. However, further testing of the models with more epochs during training can improve the existing accuracy of the models. Moreover, larger datasets should be used to further improve the training of the models.
[the_background] => The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the gold standard for COVID-19 detection, has drawbacks, such as false positive or false negative, and has an average accuracy rate of 63%. As a result, the study aimed to develop deep learning-based models as potential alternatives for existing COVID-19 diagnostic tools. The deep learning-based models are effective diagnostic tools due to the high accuracy in detecting COVID-19 patients based on radiological images. Moreover, deep learning techniques can identify underlying features in the radiological images, which contributes to the accuracy of diagnosis. In the study, the impact of using CT and X-ray images on the performance of models was compared for the first time as no previous studies carried out a comparative study between CT and X-ray images.
[the_sdg_impact] => The use of deep learning techniques with radiological images is a potential diagnostic tool due to its higher accuracy for COVID-19 detection as compared to the current gold standard of COVID-19 detection. The UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) addressed by this study is “Goal 3: Good Health and Well-Being”. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 outbreak a global pandemic on 11 March 2020. A diagnostic tool with high accuracy is important for COVID-19 detection to prevent false identification among patients and help curb the spread of the disease. Another UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) strongly associated with the study is “Goal 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure”. The outcome of this study can create a huge impact on the medical industry as the potential diagnostic tool can aid doctors and researchers in stopping the spread of the virus.
[article_url] => https://f1000research.com/articles/10-1292
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/radiological-.jpg
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.74839.1
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[publication_title] => X-ray versus computerized tomography (CT) images for detection of COVID-19 using deep learning [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]
[journal_title] => -
[publisher] => Floor1000 Research
[year] => December 2021
[subject] => Medical; Covid-19
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[post_date] => 2022-10-10 10:34:58
[post_date_gmt] => 2022-10-10 02:34:58
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Greater Team Performance: Role of Shared Transformational Leadership, Workplace Spirituality & Team Reflexivity
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[research_footprints] => Shared transformational leadership; Team performance; Team reflexivity, Workplace spirituality
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => For the first time, shared transformational leadership and workplace spirituality have been proven to be essential to higher team reflexivity. Besides, this study shows that both workplace spirituality and team reflexivity play an important role in mediating the relationship between shared transformational leadership and team performance. Meanwhile, workplace spirituality also mediates the relationship between shared transformational leadership and team reflexivity. 130 ongoing teams working in India’s information technology sector were involved in the data-collection process. The data on shared transformational leadership were collected by adopting the referent-shift consensus method. Since the impact of trust among team members is not considered, future research may examine the mediating influence of team trust in the relationship between shared transformational leadership and workplace spirituality.
[the_background] => In an organization, shared transformational leadership is valuable in building linkages between the team’s mission and the values of associates. The result is crucial in inspiring a shared vision, raising team members’ awareness of their team’s objectives, and creating a conducive space for reflection on the team’s work. Hence, this form of shared leadership could potentially be the main driving force behind team performance. Past studies imply that higher team reflexivity can be achieved by creating a sense of community among team members. This gives rise to the idea that workplace spirituality is an antecedent of team reflexivity. To date, the influence of workplace spirituality on team performance remains ambiguous. To fill up the existing knowledge gap, this study investigates the relationship between the constructs of shared transformational leadership and team performance. Furthermore, it examines the mediating roles of workplace spirituality and team reflexivity in various relationships involving shared transformational leadership. The outcomes are potential indicators for managerial staff to develop managing methods that emphasize shared transformational leadership and workplace spirituality.
[the_sdg_impact] => Team performance and effectiveness are the critical determinants for the success of a business unit. On the other hand, upholding team performance has been the main challenge not only for a team leader but also for the organization involved. This research managed to determine several factors that significantly influence team performance both directly and indirectly. By promoting the importance of decent management styles and a positive workplace for work performance., this research achieves UNSDG 8: Decent Work & Economic Growth.
[article_url] => https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SAJBS-07-2020-0246/full/html
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Transformational-.jpg
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[publication_title] => Does workplace spirituality influence reflexivity in ongoing teams? Examining the impact of shared transformational leadership on team performance
[journal_title] => South Asian Journal of Business Studies
[publisher] => Emerald Publishing
[year] => March 2021
[subject] => Business; Leadership
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[post_date] => 2022-10-10 10:05:17
[post_date_gmt] => 2022-10-10 02:05:17
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Impact of Mandatory CSR on Cost of Papital
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[research_footprints] => Corporate social responsibility; cost of capital; cost of debt; cost of equity; mandatory CSR legislation; policy intervention; signaling theory
[graphic_abstract] =>
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[the_novelty] => This study provided theoretical insights on the impact of mandatory corporate social responsibility (CSR) on the costs of debt (COD) and equity (COE) of non-financial firms in India. It was determined that higher CSR leads to lower COD and higher COD. However, following the 2014 policy on mandatory CSR spending and reporting, findings indicated an increase in COD and COE. Unlike voluntary CSR, policy intervention in mandating CSR creates a negative signal among socially responsible investors, especially where the intention is of concern. As a whole, the outcome of the study contributes significantly to the extant literature in terms of policy intervention effects on the relationship between CSR, COD, and COE.
[the_background] => In 2014, India became the first nation to announce mandatory CSR legislation as an effort to boost philanthropic giving culture across all sectors. Past literature reported that firms with superior voluntary CSR performance, more often than not, gain favorable treatment in capital markets due to an optimistic investor attitude. However, active participation in CSR activities is not received in the same manner globally as investors in some countries may view CSR negatively. Moreover, making CSR mandatory could influence the nature and impact of signal intentionality on investors. Therefore, this study aims to understand the impact of policy intervention with regard to CSR performance and its relationship with COD and COE.
[the_sdg_impact] => Practicing corporate social responsibility (CSR) voluntarily incorporates economic, social, and environmental responsibilities into business operations to foster sustainable business growth while positively impacting the environment and the community. Clearly, mandating such practice across all business sectors would significantly impact the business and economic development. Therefore, the findings of this study could benefit economists and policymakers in understanding these impacts as well as further stimulate industry-driven R&D. (SDG 8: Decent work and economic growth)
[article_url] => https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0275531922000083
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2022.101620
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[publication_title] => Corporate social responsibility and cost of capital: The moderating role of policy intervention
[journal_title] => Research in International Business and Finance
[publisher] => Elsevier
[year] => April 2022
[subject] => Business; Finance
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[post_date] => 2022-09-14 14:44:31
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[post_title] => State-of-the-art Commercial 600 MWe HTGR Nuclear Power Plant
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[researchers_name] => DONG, Yujie
[researchers_position] => Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, China
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[researchers_name_2] => WANG, Haitao
[researchers_position_2] => Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, China
[researchers_photo_2] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/HTGR-4.png
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[research_footprints] => High-temperature gas-cooled reactor; Module; HTR-PM600; Generation IV
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/2022_NST_Article_07_v2f_EN-scaled.jpg
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => In order to commercialize the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor pebble-bed module (HTR-PM) demonstration project, this study developed the HTR-PM600, i.e. a 600 MWe high temperature gas-cooled reactor nuclear power plant. With a nuclear island size that is comparable to a domestic pressurized water reactor (PWR) of the same power level, the HTR-PM600 comprises six reactors modules directly replicated from HTR-PM. All of the modules are connected to a single steam turbine. Notably, the six reactor modules are accommodated by a large circular ventilated low-pressure containment (VLPC) which lowers the overall volume of the reactor building, optimizes the arrangement of the steam and feedwater pipes, provides close references of industrial foundations as well as experiences from PWR nuclear power plants, and achieves improved capacity of radioactive retention. The safety features of HTR-PM600 are identical to those of the HTR-PM whereby each reactor module is physically independent and isolated by its own concrete cavity. In addition, six separated reactor cavity cooling system (RCCS) are placed on the outer surface of the upper part of the containment. With the adoption of proven technology from HTR-PM, reference to layout practices of the PWR, and improved efficiency as well as cost, the HTR-PM600 is an economically competitive Generation IV nuclear energy technology.
[the_background] => The remarkable pebble-bed high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) invented by Professor R. Schulton has led to the materialization of the 45 MWt AVR pebble HTG experimental reactor and 750 MWt THTR HTGR demonstration power station. Meanwhile, the concept of a ‘modular’ HTGR technology with inherent safety features gave rise to the development of a 200 MWt modular pebble-bed HTGR (i.e. HTR-Module) which has not been constructed to date. Following the rapid advancement in HTGR technology, scientists in China have successfully developed the HTR-10 and HTR-PM (i.e. a 200 MWe pebble-bed modular HTGR nuclear power demonstration plant) in the 1990’s and 2000’s, respectively. The achievement of HTR-PM indicated the readiness for the commercialization phase. Therefore, the HTR-PM600, an enhanced version of HTR-PM, was planned and executed primarily for commercialization purpose. The triumphant implementation of HTR-PM600 marks a significant milestone in the global development of Generation IV nuclear power technology.
[the_sdg_impact] => Nuclear energy is the second-largest source of low-carbon electricity behind hydropower. The high-energy density of nuclear energy is essential in addressing the existing energy gap, implying the need for extensive research to develop an economically competitive nuclear energy technology. The materialization of HTR-PM600 paves a path to the implementation of commercial Generation IV nuclear power plants and, thus, this study realizes UNSDG 9: Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure.
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41365-022-01089-9
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/HTGR-.jpg
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[publication_title] => 600-MWe high-temperature gas-cooled reactor nuclear power plant HTR-PM600
[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => August 2022
[subject] => Engineering; Nuclear Physics; Nuclear Technology; Applied Physics
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[post_date] => 2022-09-14 14:29:35
[post_date_gmt] => 2022-09-14 06:29:35
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[post_title] => New SSRF Facility: Laser Electron Gamma Beamline SLEGS
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[researchers_position] => SLEGS, Institution: Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, CAS, China
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[researchers_name_2] => WANG, Hongwei (王宏伟)
[researchers_position_2] => SLEGS, Institution: Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, CAS, China
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[research_footprints] => SLEGS; Laser Compton scattering; Slant-scattering mode; Backscattering mode
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/2022_NST_Article_05_v2f_EN-scaled.jpg
[figures] =>
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[the_novelty] => The state-of-the-art Shanghai Laser Electron Gamma Source (SLEGS) has officially completed its commissioning which lasted from July to December 2021. Other than a back-scattering mode, for the first time, a slant-scattering mode is adopted in the SLEGS beamline to generate powerful quasi-monoenergetic gamma-ray beams systematically. With an energy spread of 2 – 15 %, a gamma-ray beam with energy ranging from 0.25 to 21.1 MeV in slant-scattering at collision angles ranging from 20 – 160° is generated. In back-scattering at 180°, the beam achieves maximum energy of 21.7 MeV. Notably, a 2 % energy resolution can achieved with a 1-mm or smaller collimator. The SLEGS beamline primarily comprises four components: i) a 100-W CO2 laser and laser transport; ii) an interaction chamber (slant-scattering) and a multi-function chamber (back-scattering); iii) two-stage coarse and fine collimators and a gamma flux attenuator; and iv) an experimental hutch, an experimental detector, a gamma absorber, and a data acquisition system. In order to establish a more in-depth understanding of the energy resolution, more realistic Geant4 simulations can be deployed to carry out a thorough analysis in the future.
[the_background] => The laser Compton scattering (LCS) gamma source is currently the most advanced quasi-monoenergetic gamma-ray source supporting photonuclear physics research. Meanwhile, slant-scattering is an essential technology to produce gamma-ray beams with tunable energy at synchrotron radiation facilities which operate at fixed electron beam energy. Hence, in an attempt to establish a world-class high-energy laser electron gamma source, scientists in China have recently commissioned the Shanghai Laser Electron Gamma Source (SLEGS) which adopt both slant- and back-scattering mode to yield MeV gamma-ray beams. By doing so, a new milestone has been achieved by the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) for having a total of 16 beamline stations in its Phase II Project. With the readiness of SLEGS in facilitating both basic and applied research in nuclear physics, scientists will have more space and opportunity to contribute to the advance of the nation’s nuclear technology.
[the_sdg_impact] => To-date, the number of facilities with high-energy laser electron gamma sources dedicated to nuclear science studies remains scanty globally. Since SLEGS is a high-potential multi-functional experimental platform, the addition of SLEGS to the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility will be of significant impact to the expansion of nuclear research, especially in China. By supporting the advancement of nuclear technology, this study shows good alignment with United Nations Sustainable Development Group (UNSDG) 9: Industry, innovation & infrastructure.
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41365-022-01076-0
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[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => July 2022
[subject] => Engineering; Nuclear Physics; Nuclear Technology; Applied Physics
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[post_date] => 2022-08-15 15:37:56
[post_date_gmt] => 2022-08-15 07:37:56
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[post_title] => High-Accuracy Mortality Evaluation by 24-h Urine Creatinine Excretion Rate Adjustment
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[researchers_name] => KUO, Chin-Chi (郭錦輯)
[researchers_position] => College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taiwan
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[research_footprints] => Mortality; Serum calcium; Estimated glomerular filtration rate; Kidney disease; body surface area; Renal disease; sarcopenia; estimated GFR; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; kidney function; Creatinine clearance; body mass index; serum creatinine; Modification of Diet in Renal Disease; glomerular filtration rate; renal replacement therapy; urine creatinine; end-stage renal disease
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[the_novelty] => By implementing the 24-h urine creatinine excretion rate (U-CER) adjustment method, this study has successfully eliminated the paradoxical mortality in patients with high estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). In other words, the 24-h U-CER–adjusted eGFR allowed a more accurate evaluation of mortality risk. The inclusion of muscle mass in the estimations was able to correct the bias. These results also served as the first empirical evidence proving the impact of sarcopenia on the paradoxical mortality pattern in the patients. For validation, future study may examine the effectiveness of this approach by implementing it in different ethnic populations and health care systems. Moreover, the feasibility of 24-h U-CER in monitoring excessive muscle loss over the course of chronic kidney disease (CKD) should be investigated in the future.
[the_background] => The GFR indicates how much blood our kidneys clean every minute based on our body size. The methods to evaluate GFR include measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and 24-h creatinine clearance (CrCl). Although mGFR is known to be the gold standard for measuring kidney function, it is costly and inefficient. Meanwhile, 24-h creatinine clearance (CrCl) faces several setbacks, such as inaccurate estimation of GFR and being inconvenient, even though it has higher applicability for patients with sarcopenia or malnutrition. Estimated GFR (eGFR) based on equations (i.e. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease [MDRD] and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration [CKD-EPI]) have shown discrepancies and low feasibility. Moreover, a paradoxically increased risk of mortality was also reported. Nonetheless, the calculation of eGFR based on CKD-EPI is recognized as a good practice since 2012. Despite having various locally-derived eGFR equations, they are not systematically compared with 24-h CrCl-adjusted equation-based eGFR in terms of mortality prediction. Moreover, since decreased muscle mass is the main factor giving rise to the high eGFR–high mortality paradox, the 24-h urine creatinine excretion rate (24-h U-CER) (i.e. a 24-h CrCl method) is suitable for adjusting the equation-based eGFR for its effectiveness in measuring muscle mass. Therefore, this study compared the performance of equation methods for predicting 5-year all-cause mortality by applying 24-h CrCl, equation-based eGFRs, and 24-h U-CER. The reversal of paradoxically high mortality achieved by applying 24-h U-CER is a significant milestone towards more accurate kidney diagnosis.
[the_sdg_impact] => 10% of the global population is affected by CKD. Thus, a technique for high-precision eGFR is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment of CKD. The 24-h U-CER–adjusted eGFR developed by this study exhibits high accuracy in mortality risk evaluation and, more importantly, it is ready to be adopted by health care systems. By contributing to the enhancement of health care, this study shows good alignment with UNSDG 3: Good Health & Well-Being.
[article_url] => https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jcsm.12951
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12951
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[publication_title] => Paradoxical mortality of high estimated glomerular filtration rate reversed by 24-h urine creatinine excretion rate adjustment: sarcopenia matters
[journal_title] => Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle
[publisher] => Wiley Publishing
[year] => March 2022
[subject] => Medical; Medicine; Kidney Disease
)
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[post_date] => 2022-08-15 14:58:51
[post_date_gmt] => 2022-08-15 06:58:51
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Unveiling the Binding Mode between Bacterial STING & c-di-GMP
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[researchers_name] => CHEN, Yeh (陳曄)
[researchers_position] => Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taiwan
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[research_footprints] => crystal structure; molecular replacement; pathogen-associated molecular patterns; isothermal titration calorimetry; E. coli; multi-wavelength anomalous dispersion
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => Upon identifying two complex crystal structures of bacterial STING/c-di-GMP, this study reveals the precise binding mode of c-di-GMP to the bacterial STING. The findings clarify how bacterial STING differentiates c-di-GMP second messengers from other cyclic dinucleotides during viral infections. Besides that, the interaction between bacterial STING and c-di-GMP is found to be accountable for the oligomerization of the former into long filament. According to the oligomerization mechanism and ligand specificity, the bacterial STING is categorized into Class I and II. Since mammalian STING protein originated in bacteria, the output of this study provides valuable insights in the innate immunity of human.
[the_background] => Stimulator of interferon gene (STING) is a crucial immune sensor which, during viral infection, triggers self-destruction of infected cells in order to contain the infection. Although the signaling pathway is initiated by the binding between STING and c-di-GMP, the exact binding mode of c-di-GMP to bacterial STING and the specific recognition mechanism remain vague. Thus, this study is carried out to investigate the mechanism by determining the crystal structures of bacterial STING/c-di-GMP. It also proposes that Class II bacterial STING, which recognizes 3’3’-cGAMP more favorably, is in the evolutionary transition from c-di-GMP-dependent signaling in bacteria to 2’3’-cGAMP-dependent signaling in eukaryotes. Other than facilitating future STING-related studies, this research complements the existing knowledge base for human’s innate immune signaling.
[the_sdg_impact] => STING plays an important role in innate immunity as an essential mediator and inducer. Thus, to speed up the advance of research related to human immune system, a more in-depth understanding of mammalian STING protein (which originated in bacteria) is required. By shedding light on the crucial mechanisms involved in human immune system, this study fulfils UNSDG 3: Good Health & Well-Being.
[article_url] => https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-26583-3
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26583-3
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[publication_title] => Crystal structure and functional implication of bacterial STING
[journal_title] => Nature Communications
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => January 2022
[subject] => Medical; Drug Development
)
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[post_date] => 2022-08-07 20:44:00
[post_date_gmt] => 2022-08-07 12:44:00
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Role of Exosomal PD-1 in Anti-Tumor Activity and Attenuation of Immune Suppression
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[researchers_name] => HUNG, Mien-Chie (洪明奇)
[researchers_position] => Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taiwan
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[research_footprints] => tumor cell; immune checkpoint; T lymphocyte; effector T cell; triple negative breast cancer; tumor infiltrating lymphocyte; t cell; Triple-negative breast cancer; transmission electron microscopy; extracellular vesicles; Programmed cell death 1; programmed death-ligand 1; cell death; tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study discovered the potential of exosomal membrane-bound PD-1 (Exo-PD-1) in enhancing the cytotoxic activity of T cells against tumor cells and, simultaneously, attenuating immune suppression in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Upon activation, Exo-PD-1 released by T cells were actively involved in two modes of PD-L1-blockade anti-tumor action, i.e. remotely binding to exosomal PD-L1 and directly binding to PD-L1 on tumor-cell surface. The Exo-PD-1 binding on the tumor-cell surface induced clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) of PD-L1. Other than creating an entry point for Exo-PD-1 to enter the TNBC cells, CME of PD-L1 also reduced the amount of surface PD-L1 available during subsequent direct interaction between T cells and tumor cells. The protective role of Exo-PD-1 against the anti-tumor immune dysfunction induced by PD-L1 in TNBC has been confirmed by in vitro and in vivo studies. As part of the expansion of research scope, future studies ought to examine whether the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) markers of T cell apoptosis and exhaustion are contained by T cell-derived exosomes, and whether they bear similar immune function to that of Exo-PD-1 in fighting tumor.
[the_background] => Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is a protein on the surface of T and B cells. Although PD-1 is essential in preventing autoimmune diseases, it also prevents cancer cells from being killed. In contrast, the expression of PD-1 showed positive correlation to the survival rate of patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). These contradicting yet intriguing observations made scientists wondered if the PD-1 on T cells comprises uncovered potential associated to the inhibition of cancer cells. Meanwhile, past studies also reported that exosomes derived from T lymphocytes were involved in the regulation of immune reaction. Upon investigating the role of T cells-derived exosomes in suppressing TNBC, this research elucidated how exosomal PD-1 protects against the anti-tumor immune dysfunction induced by PD-L1 in TNBC. Notably, this discovery may lead to the development of therapeutic strategies which enhance cytotoxic activity against tumor cells and attenuate immune suppression simultaneously.
[the_sdg_impact] => As long as cancers exist, 10 million lives are lost globally each year and this number can be lowered only by more effective therapeutic strategies. With the proven potential of Exo-PD-1 in treating triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), promising cancer therapies can be developed based on the modification of exosome surface. Moreover, the discovery of this study also proves the importance of immune suppression attenuation in fighting cancers (UNSDG 3: Good Health & Well-Being).
[article_url] => https://www.nature.com/articles/s41388-021-01896-1
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Suppression.jpg
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1038/s41388-021-01896-1
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[publication_title] => Activated T cell-derived exosomal PD-1 attenuates PD-L1-induced immune dysfunction in triple-negative breast cancer
[journal_title] => Oncogene
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => June 2021
[subject] => Medical; Cancer; Immunity
)
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[post_date] => 2022-08-07 20:32:29
[post_date_gmt] => 2022-08-07 12:32:29
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Osteoblastic Prostate Cancer Migration Suppressed by Melatonin
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[post_name] => osteoblastic-prostate-cancer-migration-suppressed-by-melatonin
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[researchers_name] => TANG, Chih‐Hsin (湯智昕)
[researchers_position] => Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taiwan
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[research_footprints] => Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction; integrin; advanced prostate cancer; lung cancer; Gleditsia sinensis; Fluorescein isothiocyanate; G‐protein coupled receptor; metastatic; protein kinase C; messenger RNA
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study reported the pathway underlying how melatonin suppresses the metastatic potential of osteoblastic prostate cancer. The pathway started with the binding of melatonin to MT1 receptor which was crucial in conveying the downstream effects of melatonin. After that, the phosphorylation of FAK, c‐Src and NF‐κB was decreased, inhibiting the integrin α2β1 expression as well as osteoblastic prostate cancer migration. The pathway was revealed via in vitro studies using osteoblastic prostate cancer cell line C4‐2. Preclinical trials can be carried out in the future to explore the possibilities of developing a cancer therapy based on this discovery.
[the_background] => Prostate cancer has been identified as a cause of osteoblastic bone metastasis. This indicated that patients with prostate cancer are also facing a high risk of metastatic bone disease. Meanwhile, strong evidence implied the direct involvement of receptors integrins α2β1 in prostate cancer bone metastasis due to their potential in prostate cancer cell progression, migration, and invasion. On the other hand, besides exhibiting antitumor activity, melatonin was actively involved in antimetastatic activity in osteolytic prostate cancer cells as well as osteoclastogenesis inhibition. However, the potential and mechanism of melatonin in inhibiting the migratory and invasive properties of osteoblastic prostate cancer cells remain ambiguous. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism of how melatonin hinders the motility human prostate cancer cells and the metastatic in osteoblastic prostate cancer cells. The findings confirmed the therapeutic potential of melatonin for prostate cancer bone metastases, paving a path to the design of high-efficacy therapeutic strategies.
[the_sdg_impact] => Metastatic bone disease is a severe collateral damage due to cancers and 84% of deaths were due to prostate cancer. There are approximately 268,000 new cases of prostate cancer reported yearly in United States, indicating the high risks of metastatic bone disease. Hence, while focusing on cancer therapies, attention should also be allocated to the treatment of metastatic bone. By demonstrating the efficacy of melatonin in inhibiting the metastatic potential of osteoblastic prostate cancer, this study fulfils UNSDG 3: Good Health & Well-Being.
[article_url] => https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jpi.12793
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[publication_title] => Melatonin suppresses the metastatic potential of osteoblastic prostate cancers by inhibiting integrin α2β1 expression
[journal_title] => Journal of Pineal Research
[publisher] => Wiley Publishing
[year] => February 2022
[subject] => Medical; Metastatic Bone Disease; Melatonin
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[post_date] => 2022-08-07 14:09:59
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[post_title] => Treating Psychiatric Disorders and Type 2 Diabetes through Their Comorbidity
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[researchers_name] => WANG, Shi-Heng (王世亨)
[researchers_position] => Interdisciplinary Freshmen Program of Public Health, China Medical University, Taiwan
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[research_footprints] => psychotic disorder; environmental factor; Depression; Adjusted odds ratio; genome-wide association study; Diabetes; Principal component; Comorbidity; East Asian population; family history; linkage disequilibrium
major depressive disorder; polygenic risk score; bipolar disorder; familial aggregation; schizophrenia; Psychiatric Genomics Consortium
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
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[the_novelty] => Based on a cohort of 105,184 participants, this study disclosed the underlying mechanisms of the comorbidity between psychiatric disorders and type 2 diabetes. A family history of type 2 diabetes was associated with family history of all three common psychiatric disorders i.e. schizophrenia (SCZ), major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BPD). Compared to paternal type 2 diabetes, maternal type 2 diabetes demonstrated a higher strength of association with SCZ family history, indicating that women demonstrate a more predominant effect of family history of type 2 diabetes on SCZ than men. Higher genetic loading for SCZ was associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes in women but not in men. This suggests that gender could potentially alter the genetic effect on human diseases. On the other hand, higher genetic loading for MDD was associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes. Although familial aggregation was reported between type 2 diabetes and BPD, there is a lack of a polygenic association between them probably due to a role of environmental factors in the mechanisms. Results also showed that the polygenic effect of SCZ on type 2 diabetes may be partly mediated by obesity and the polygenic effect of MDD on type 2 diabetes may be partly mediated by obesity or smoking. Future studies may replicate this approach on participants of other ancestries (besides Taiwanese) to explore the outcomes.
[the_background] => The comorbidity between psychiatric disorders and type 2 diabetes has been proven and this implied the importance to examine its underlying mechanism. Moreover, the familial aggregation of type 2 diabetes and common psychiatric disorders also suggested an influence of shared environmental factors or genetic background. Further studies showed that the association was mainly due to genetic background, especially in female. Meanwhile, the influence of sex differences was highlighted through the difference in prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the mothers and fathers of those with psychosis. Hence, this study investigated the underlying mechanisms of the comorbidity between psychiatric disorders and type 2 diabetes by examining familial aggregation and testing for polygenic overlap based on a molecular approach. For the first time, polygenic loading was applied for common psychiatric disorders to predict type 2 diabetes in Asia with the largest sample size to-date. The output provides crucial insights indicating the needs for therapies and preventive plans to address the initial development of type 2 diabetes and its comorbidity with psychiatric disorders.
[the_sdg_impact] => Comorbidity is associated with degrading health, higher complexity clinical management, and higher health care costs. Based on the proven comorbidity between psychiatric disorders and type 2 diabetes, depression should be diagnosed and treated proactively as the physical complications of diabetes that are commonly prioritized. This will directly lower the number of cases for both depression and type 2 diabetes. By understanding the underlying mechanisms of the comorbidity, high-efficacy therapeutic strategies can be planned to lower the risks for both diseases (UNSDG 3: Good Health & Well-Being).
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00125-022-05665-x
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Comorbidity.jpg
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[publication_title] => Familial aggregation and shared genetic loading for major psychiatric disorders and type 2 diabetes
[journal_title] => Diabetologia
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => February 2022
[subject] => Medical; Diabetes
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[post_title] => Promoted Repair of DNA Double-Strand Break by MRNIP
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[research_footprints] => RAD50; MRE11; NBS1; phase separation; colorectal cancer; intrinsically disordered region; nonhomologous end joining; double-strand breaks; ataxia telangiectasia mutated; MRN complex; adenosine triphosphate; homologous recombination' fluorescence recovery after photobleaching; Escherichia coli
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
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[the_novelty] => Via in vitro and in vivo studies, this study discloses the underlying mechanism of DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair carried out by MRE11/RAD50/NBS1 (MRN) complex interacting protein (MRNIP). In intrinsically disordered region, the MRNIP forms condensates which then concentrates MRN complex into liquid-like droplets. When DSBs are formed and sensed, the MRNIP condensates proceed swiftly to the damaged DNA and promote the binding of damaged DNA to the concentrated MRN complex. This results in the autophosphorylation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) followed by an accelerated DNA damage response and DSB end resection, promoting the homologous recombination (HR)-mediated DSB repair. Meanwhile, compared to normal rectum tissues, lower MRNIP expression is observed in radiation proctitis tissues. This implies that targeting MRNIP condensates could help to sensitize tumor cells to radiotherapy and lead to the development of radiation proctitis. In order to complement the existing findings, the authors are looking forward to the direct uncovering of the pathway underlying the impact of MRNIP condensates on MRN-mediated DSB sensing.
[the_background] => The repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is no doubt a critical process to maintain the sustainability of organisms. Defective DSBs repair is very likely to cause devastating consequences such as cancer, embryonic death, and neurological disorders. In DSBs repair, the MRE11/RAD50/NBS1 (MRN) complex acts as a sensor towards DSBs and also an initiator of DNA damage responses. However, when DSBs is formed, it is still elusive with regards to how the MRN complex senses and binds to DNA rapidly. In the mean time, liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is a process whereby molecules condense into a dense phase (high concentrated liquid droplets) whilst the remaining solution forms a dilute phase. Various studies associated LLPS to the repair of DNA damage and this indicated that LLPS might play a crucial role in DSBs repair. Therefore, an international collaboration with Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (China) and Sun Yat-sen University (China) took place to conduct an in-depth investigation on the role of MRNIP condensate in regulating HR-mediated DSB repair as well as the impact of LLPS on the function of MRNIP. The output of this study is an essential reference for future research which target to overcome diseases related to defective DSBs repairs.
[the_sdg_impact] => DNA DSBs, the most severe type of DNA damage, leads to apoptosis, gene mutation, and carcinogenesis if left unattended. As an effort to overcome defective DNA DSBs repair, a strong fundamental understanding about the relevant underlying mechanisms must be acquired. The pathway unveiled in this study provides significant insights on the pathway of DSBs repair and, thus, this study is very well-aligned with UNSDG 3: Good Health & Well-Being.
[article_url] => https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-30303-w
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/MRNIP.jpg
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[publication_title] => MRNIP condensates promote DNA double-strand break sensing and end resection
[journal_title] => Nature Communications
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => May 2022
[subject] => Medical; Biomedical Sciences; DNA
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[post_title] => Overcoming Neurodegenerative Diseases Through Autophagy Initiation by Pridopidine
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[research_footprints] => autophagy; guide RNA; E. coli; sigma receptor; Huntington disease; POM121; citrate synthase; Alzheimer disease; nuclear pore; c9orf72; nuclear pore complex; SIGMAR1; mouse model; sclerosis
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study reveals the signaling pathway underlying how pridopidine acts as an agonist in promoting autophagy for neuron protection. When a motor neuron is under pathological threats, pridopidine dissociates chaperone protein SIGMAR1 from HSPA5, allowing SIGMAR1 to proceed to the nuclear pore to chaperone nucleoporin POM121. Then, POM121 recruits KPNB1 so as to create an effective in-bound transportation of TFEB (from cytosol into nucleus), which is crucial for the initiation of autophagy. For the first time, the impact of SIGMAR1 agonists and antagonists on the chaperone activity of SIGMAR1 is elucidated, proving that the SIGMAR1 is a ligand-regulated chaperone. Results indicate that, with the presence of chaperone, the structural nucleoporin POM121 also serves as a signaling molecule which enables TFEB-mediated autophagy. Notably, pridopidine is able to effectively protect motor neuron NSC34 against H2O2-induced toxicity expressing the pathogenic (G4C2)288 repeat. In the absence of pridopidine in transfected NSC34 motor neuron, hexanucleotide (G4C2)RNA expansion (HRE) disrupts TFEB transport by hindering the interaction between SIGMAR1 and POM121. By complementing these discoveries with the ongoing clinical development of pridopidine, future studies may focus on designing a higher-efficacy therapy to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
[the_background] => Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), are closely related to impairments in autophagy. In ALS-frontotemporal lobar degeneration (ALS-FTD), autophagy is disrupted due to the defective transportation of transcription factor TFEB from the cytosol into the nucleus. Hexanucleotide (G4C2)RNA expansion (HRE) is accountable for the impairment but the exact molecular pathway involved has not been reported yet. Meanwhile, although the chaperone protein SIGMAR1 plays a pivotal role in autophagy, the underlying mechanism was ambiguous. Thus, this research aims to answer these uncertainties and also to examine the mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effect of pridopidine. The study outcome indicates that, by targeting the SIGMAR1, a pharmacological approach could potentially be designed to overcome diseases related to autophagy impairment.
[the_sdg_impact] => Millions of people suffer from neurodegenerative diseases globally. In United States, approximately 6 million and 1 million people are reported to be the victims of Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, respectively. These alarming figures can possibly be reduced by therapies which target the chaperone protein SIGMAR1. By explaining how pridopidine activates SIGMAR1, this research paves a clear direction which facilitates the development of therapies to treat neurodegenerative diseases (UNSDG 3: Good Health & Well-Being).
[article_url] => https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15548627.2022.2063003
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[publication_title] => Nucleoporin POM121 signals TFEB-mediated autophagy via activation of SIGMAR1/sigma-1 receptor chaperone by pridopidine
[journal_title] => Autophagy
[publisher] => Taylor & Francis Online
[year] => May 2022
[subject] => Medical; Neurodegenerative Diseases
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[post_date] => 2022-08-07 13:10:50
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[post_title] => Reprogrammed Tc17 Cells: Signalling Pathway & Cancer Treatment
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[research_footprints] => adoptive cell therapy; IL-4; Fas ligand; IL-12; CD8 T-cell; IL-17; CD8 + T cell; cytotoxic T lymphocytes; NY-ESO-1; IL-23; colorectal cancer
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study reports a novel signalling pathway which converts IL-17-producing CD8+ T cells (Tc17) to IFN-γ producers, leading to enhanced antitumour activity and cytotoxicity of Tc17 cells. The pathway is initiated by IL-4 followed by PI3K/AKT signalling which induces the expression of Eomes and upregulates T-cell receptor-associated transmembrane adaptor 1 (TRAT1) in Tc17 cells. The upregulation of TRAT1 then promotes IL-4-induced T-cell receptor (TCR) stabilization and Tc17 cytotoxicity. IL-4, besides acting as an inducer, is capable of promoting Tc17 cells expansion to achieve higher antitumour potential. On top of these findings, a novel ex vivo procedure is proposed to reprogramme Tc17 extracted from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in order to be applied in adoptive cell therapy (ACT) for cancer patients. By having enhanced cytotoxicity, the novel ACT could potentially treat a wide spectrum of cancers.
[the_background] => Immune effector cell (IEC) therapy primarily involves the use of one’s immune system to treat cancer in his/her own body. Despite its proven potential, there is a huge room for development as the recently applied IEC strategies induce acute but short responses. IL-17-producing CD8+ T cells (Tc17) has been identified as a promising candidate for IEC therapy for its ability to be reprogrammed as cytotoxic anti-tumour effectors. However, Tc17-based IEC is yet to be ready due to the limited knowledge on the factors affecting Tc17 reprogramming and the mechanisms underlying its cytotoxicity promotion. Thus, upon discovering the answers to these uncertainties, this study has taken extra miles to establish a feasible procedure to expand Tc17 from peripheral blood of cancer patients. The research outcome creates a profound impact in oncology by enhancing the applicability and efficacy of Tc17-based IEC therapy.
[the_sdg_impact] => With more than 100 types of cancer reported, the continuous development of immunotherapy is crucial to uphold the survival rate of cancer patients. The discovery of a potent Tc17-based adoptive cell therapy (ACT) serves not only as a possible cure, but also as robust knowledge base for future research. By disclosing the signalling pathway involved, this study facilitates the development of new cancer therapies (UNSDG 3: Good Health & Well-Being).
[article_url] => https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/imm.13473
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Tc17-.jpg
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[publication_title] => Adoptive transfer of IL-4 reprogrammed Tc17 cells elicits anti-tumour immunity through functional plasticity
[journal_title] => Immunology
[publisher] => Wiley Publishing
[year] => March 2022
[subject] => Medical; Cancer
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[post_title] => PKCδ/SGLT1 Co-targeting for Improved Therapeutic Efficacy of EGFR TKIs in NSCLC Patients
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[researchers_name] => HUANG, Wei-Chien (黃偉謙)
[researchers_position] => Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taiwan
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/EGFR.png
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[research_footprints] => epidermal growth factor receptor; triple-negative breast cancer; glucose uptake; positron emission tomography; PKCδ; epithelial-mesenchymal transition; tyrosine kinase inhibitor; non-small cell lung cancer; glucose; transporter; progression-free survival
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study provides strong evidence that glucose metabolic re-wiring may contribute to the development of acquired resistance of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to epidermal growth factor receptors tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR TKIs). The findings suggest that NSCLC cells with acquired EGFR TKI resistance are more tolerant to low glucose-induced autophagy following a metabolic shift to higher glucose uptake and glycolysis activity due to upregulation of active sodium/glucose co-transporter 1 (SGLT1) by Thr678-phosphorylated EGFR, in a protein kinase C delta (PKCδ)- dependent manner. Therefore, the combination of SGLT1 inhibitor with EGFR TKIs shows a synergetic effect in reducing tumor growth and glucose uptake in vitro and in vivo. Future studies can be conducted to determine if hormone receptors are involved in the regulation of SGLT1 expression in lung cancer tissues.
[the_background] => EGFR, a membrane-bound tyrosine kinase receptor, has been found to be a critical oncogene in promoting tumorigenesis, mitogenesis, and tumor progression of various cancer types, including NSCLC. Small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting the ATP-binding pocket of the EGFR kinase domain were developed and approved for NSCLCs. However, the secondary EGFR mutations and activations of alternative receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) created a bypass track, leading to the failed responses to EGFR TKIs, yet fail to fully account for the development of acquired resistance to these drugs in NSCLC patients. Mounting evidence has proved that EGFR impacts the rewiring of the glucose metabolic network to promote tumor progression in NSCLC. Therefore, this study aims to understand the glucose metabolic re-wiring pathway in NSCLC patients with acquired EGFR TKI resistance. The findings would potentially be used to explore an effective treatment strategy against EGFR TKI resistance.
[the_sdg_impact] => Approximately 85% of lung cancers are recognized as NSCLC. Mutations lead to EGFR amplification and overexpression and have been associated with NSCLC progression. Inhibitors targeting EGFR tyrosine kinase activity were used to block the downstream signaling pathway and showed promising therapeutic efficacy. Unfortunately, most patients with NSCLC who are treated with these drugs develop resistance. Much evidence has proved that EGFR promotes tumor progression by rewiring glucose metabolic networks in NSCLC. By identifying the biological mechanisms that associate glucose metabolic re-writing pathway with NSCLC treatment resistance, this study expands the possibility of increasing the effectiveness of the existing treatment. Ultimately, the proposed combination of SGLT1 inhibitor with EGFR TKIs would serve as a new therapeutic strategy to reduce the mortality rate of patients with NSCLC (UNSDG 3: Good Health & Well-Being).
[article_url] => https://www.nature.com/articles/s41388-021-01889-0#Bib1
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/EGFR-2.jpg
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[publication_title] => PKCδ-mediated SGLT1 upregulation confers the acquired resistance of NSCLC to EGFR TKIs
[journal_title] => Oncogene
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => June 2021
[subject] => Medical; Biomedical Sciences; Lung Cancer
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[post_title] => Developing High Efficacy Immunotherapy via Casein Kinase 2 Inhibition
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[researchers_name] => HUNG, Mien-Chie (洪明奇)
[researchers_position] => Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taiwan
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/PARG.png
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[research_footprints] => programmed cell death 1; E. coli; tumor microenvironment; immune cell; alanine transaminase; protein kinase; t cell; Triple-negative breast cancer; The Cancer Genome Atlas; T-cell receptor; blood urea nitrogen; casein kinase 2; granzyme A; dendritic cell; CD8 alpha; cullin 3; aspartate transaminase; Immune checkpoint blockade
[graphic_abstract] =>
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[the_novelty] => This study unveils an immunotherapeutic approach to treat cancer by avoiding the phosphorylation of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) through casein kinase 2 (CK2) inhibition. The inhibition of CK2 leads to degradation of PD-L1 in cancer and dendritic cells (DCs) followed by the activation of T cells by DCs which, in turn, enhances the antitumor activity. In other words, CK2 hinders the antigen-specific T-cell function through phosphorylation of PD-L1. Meanwhile, in preclinical trial, mouse mammary tumor exhibits suppressed growth when treated by a CK2 inhibitor combined with an antibody against T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (Tim-3). Collectively, the outcome indicates that the approach is not only effective on triple-negative-breast-cancer (TNBC), but also applicable for other cancer types, such as lung cancer, prostate cancer, and melanoma. In order to validate this approach, future clinical studies can be conducted to focus on its anti-tumor efficacy in different types of cancer tissues.
[the_background] => Casein kinase 2 (CK2) has been proven to be a potential target in treating cancers. Although CK2 is crucial for cell sustainability, its upregulation in all cancers has shown consistent trend in promoting tumor cell growth, leading to poor prognosis. During the inhibition of CK2, significant improvement was observed in the antitumor activity of immune checkpoint receptor blockade using anti–CTLA-4 antibody. This suggests that CK2 inhibition could potentially overcome the ineffectiveness of anti–PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) treatment experienced by a substantial amount of cancer patients. Hence, in an international collaboration with the Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology from The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (USA), this study aims to investigate the mechanism of PD-L-1 regulation by CK2 and have successfully demonstrated CK2–PD-L1 pathway blockage as a high potential tumor treatment. Since this approach is applicable for various cancer types, it is likely to increase the chances for human to survive cancers.
[the_sdg_impact] => Cancer-related researches have been progressing dramatically but many of the potential therapies are effective to only limited types of cancer and patients. Since CK2 inhibition is a high-potential treatment for multiple cancer types, it can be coupled with other effective therapies to achieve better outcome. The output of this study creates a significant milestone in cancers treatment, realizing UNSDG 3: Good Health & Well-Being.
[article_url] => https://aacrjournals.org/cancerres/article-abstract/82/11/2185/699105/Phosphorylation-and-Stabilization-of-PD-L1-by-CK2?redirectedFrom=fulltext
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Phosphorylation-.jpg
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[publication_title] => Phosphorylation and Stabilization of PD-L1 by CK2 Suppresses Dendritic Cell Function
[journal_title] => Cancer Research
[publisher] => American Association of Cancer Research
[year] => June 2022
[subject] => Medical; Biomedical Sciences; Cancer; Immunotherapy
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[post_title] => Inhibition of Glucocorticoid Receptor for Enhanced Anti-Tumor Immunity Against Pancreatic Cancer
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[researchers_name] => HUNG, Mien-Chie (洪明奇)
[researchers_position] => Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taiwan
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[research_footprints] => T cell; immunotherapy; tumor cell; fetal bovine serum; immune checkpoint; tumor microenvironment; pancreatic cancer; immune evasion; Cushing syndrome; pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; cancer cell; The Cancer; Genome Atlas; clinical trial; granzyme B; progesterone receptor; horseradish peroxidase; phorbol myristate acetate; phosphate-buffered saline; magnetic resonance imaging; cytotoxic T lymphocytes; Chromatin; immunoprecipitation; major histocompatibility complex class I; glucocorticoid response elements; Immune checkpoint blockade; glucocorticoid receptor
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => In an international collaboration with the Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology from The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (USA), this study discovers that glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a promising target for overcoming pancreatic cancer. Based on animal trials, GR inhibition results in downregulation of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and upregulation of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) in tumor cells. These effects then improve both anti-tumor immunity and response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Consistent outcomes are also observed in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Meanwhile, clinical GR antagonist mifepristone is able to produce similar results although its anti-tumor effect is not as profound as that of GR inhibition. Nonetheless, the efficacy of the combined therapy of GR inhibition and mifepristone is worth to be tested clinically. In order to move towards materialization, future studies should focus on several scopes including: to determine whether targeting GR sensitizes pancreatic cancer to chemotherapies through immune regulation, to investigate the outcome of applying the same therapy on other types of cancer, and to optimize the dosage of GR antagonist mifepristone so as to enhance its efficacy with minimum toxicity.
[the_background] => To date, an effective treatment for pancreatic cancer has yet to be developed. Although chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the common therapies being used to treat patients of pancreatic cancer, they are very likely to cause severe deterioration in patients. Furthermore, major driver genes for pancreatic cancer (e.g. KRAS, TP53, CDKN2A, and SMAD4) have not been approved by FDA to be applied as clinical therapies yet. Despite showing positive effects on other cancer types, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies were not effective for pancreatic cancer, regardless of whether being applied alone or combined with other therapies (i.e. chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and vaccination). Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is the receptor to which cortisol and other glucocorticoids bind. The GR is expressed in almost every cell in the body and regulates genes controlling the development, metabolism, and immune response. Since the anti-tumor potential of GR has been demonstrated in past research, this study examines how GR can be part of the strategy to overcome pancreatic cancer. The output of this study show that GR inhibition is effective in treating pancreatic cancer and a feasible therapy can be derived based on that.
[the_sdg_impact] => Pancreatic cancer is projected to become the second leading cause of cancer-related death by 2030. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients in the United States show a 5-year survival rate of as low as 6%. These alarming figures imply the urgent need for more effective therapies. As there is a huge room of improvement for the existing therapies of pancreatic cancer, the findings of this study are essential for the development of relevant therapies. By identifying GR as a target, this research contributes to the realization of breakthrough strategies to treat PDAC patients (UNSDG 3: Good Health & Well-being).
[article_url] => https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-27349-7
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27349-7
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[publication_title] => Glucocorticoid receptor regulates PD-L1 and MHC-I in pancreatic cancer cells to promote immune evasion and immunotherapy resistance
[journal_title] => Nature Communications
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => December 2021
[subject] => Medical; Biomedical Sciences; Pancreatic Cancer
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[post_date] => 2022-08-07 11:26:05
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[post_title] => Stronger Anti-Tumour Immunity in Colorectal Cancers via Inhibition of Protein Phosphatase 2A
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[researchers_position] => Integrative Stem Cell Center, Department of Orthopedics, China Medical University Hospital, Taiwan
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[research_footprints] => Gene Expression Omnibus; loss of heterozygosity; microsatellite instability; cytotoxic T cell; retinoblastoma protein; dendritic cells; Tissue microarray; Methylation-specific PCR; histone deacetylase; next-generation; sequencing; MLH1; phosphate-buffered saline; immune checkpoint blockade; protein phosphatase; mismatch repair deficiency; gene set enrichment analysis; polyvinylidene fluoride; T cell receptor; colorectal cancer
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
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[the_novelty] => To better understand microsatellite-instable (MSI) tumours as a key to overcoming colorectal cancers (CRCs), this study shows that the inhibition of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) could lead to the loss of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes (i.e. causing MMRd), resulting in the conversion of microsatellite-stable (MSS) into MSI tumours. The PP2A inhibition brings about the conversion via two different pathways, i.e. by increasing retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation and by increasing histone deacetylase (HDAC)2 phosphorylation. Moreover, the inactivation of PP2A also enhances MSI tumours’ response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). In short, PP2A inhibition initiates neoantigen production, increases cytotoxic T cell infiltration and improves response to ICB. These results were obtained from animal models as well as human cancer cell lines and tissue array. In order to materialise an effective therapy based on the findings, future studies should investigate the effect of mRNA dysregulation or mutations of the genes on the adaptive and acquired resistance to ICB.
[the_background] => 15% of sporadic colorectal cancers (CRCs) are closely associated to microsatellite-instable (MSI) tumours with defective DNA mismatch repair (MMR). Compared to microsatellite-stable (MSS) tumours, focusing on the mechanism of MSI tumours development is a more practical strategy as MSI tumours exhibit better prognosis and response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) (i.e. a type of immunotherapy drug). Studies show that both CRC and non-CRC patients with MMR deficiency (MMRd) have better responses to programmed death 1 (PD-1) ICB therapy. These findings support the need to focus on MSI tumours even though the molecular mechanisms have yet to be confirmed. Meanwhile, although protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A)-targeted anti-tumour therapies have received significant attention, the anti-tumour effects of activating or inhibiting PP2A activity is uncertain. Furthermore, the number of studies on PP2A’s tumour-intrinsic signaling and response to ICB are still scanty. Therefore, this research aims to achieve two goals, i.e. to investigate the mechanism of MMRd and to examine the effect of PP2A inhibition on the conversion of MSS to MSI tumours. Other than solving the previously unanswered questions, the output of this study provides valuable insights to the possible feasible ways to overcome cancers by focusing on PP2A.
[the_sdg_impact] => In 2020, CRC was the second most common cause of cancer death worldwide, causing almost 1 million deaths. It was the third most common cancer in men but the second most common cancer in women, after breast cancer. The in-depth discussion on the potential of PP2A inhibition in fighting CRC opens up an avenue for the realisation of new treatments for CRC. With better knowledge base and more effective therapy, tremendous amount of CRC patients with will stand higher chance to survive (UNSDG 3: Good Health & Well-being).
[article_url] => https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-27620-x
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[publication_title] => Protein phosphatase 2A inactivation induces microsatellite instability, neoantigen production and immune response
[journal_title] => Nature Communications
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => December 2021
[subject] => Medical; Orthopedics; Colorectal Cancer
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[post_date] => 2022-08-07 11:02:28
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[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Dual-Action Liver Cancer Therapy via Co-Inhibition of PARG & PD-1
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[post_name] => dual-action-liver-cancer-therapy-via-co-inhibition-of-parg-pd-1
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[research_footprints] => c-Myc; immunotherapy; PD-1; cell cycle checkpoint; The Cancer Genome Atlas; mismatch repair; Hepatocellular carcinoma; quantitative RT-PCR; DDB1; dna replication; PARG
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/1-s2.0-S0168827822000721-ga1.jpg
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[the_novelty] => As part of the effort to develop an effective therapy for liver cancer hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), this study revealed the role of poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) enzyme in the development of HCC. PARG acted as a main culprit for the spread of HCC through the newly discovered PARG/DDB1/c-Myc signaling pathway which implies PARG as a potential biomarker for HCC treatment. More importantly, when PARG was inhibited, improved condition was observed in mice undergoing anti-PD-1 anticancer drug therapy. The results indicate that the inhibition of both PARG and PD-1 is a highly-effective dual-action therapy for HCC. With the promising output, future clinical trials can be conducted to determine and to optimize the efficacy of the dual-action therapy.
[the_background] => Despite being actively involved in various cellular activities (e.g. DNA replication, transcription, and apoptosis), PARG was also reported to cause tumor growth. Furthermore, positive outcomes were observed when PARG-targeted strategy was implemented in cancer therapies. All this led to unanswered questions related to the exact regulatory mechanism of PARG especially in the growth of cancer tissues. Hence, an international collaboration with the Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation of Fudan University (Shanghai) took place to examine the physiological roles and signaling pathway of PARG in HCC progression. Co-inhibition of PARG and PD-1 was reported for the first time as an effective dual-action strategy for patients with HCC. These findings showed that other combination strategies involving PARG inhibition could possibly lead to effective treatment for other types of cancer.
[the_sdg_impact] => Within the wide spectrum of cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) alone has caused more than 600,000 deaths each year globally. Since both chemotherapy and radiotherapy often cause relapse in patients, immunotherapy via PARG-inhibition could potentially minimize the side-effects while increasing the chance for recovery. Thus, this study contributes to the fulfilment of UNSDG 3: Good Health & Well-being by sharing profound discoveries in the research and development of cancer therapies.
[article_url] => https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168827822000721
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2022.01.026
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[publication_title] => PARG inhibition limits HCC progression and potentiates the efficacy of immune checkpoint therapy
[journal_title] => Journal of Hepatology
[publisher] => Elsevier
[year] => July 2022
[subject] => Medical; Biomedical Sciences; Liver Cancer
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[post_date] => 2022-07-14 16:14:45
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[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Tourists Retention by Place Attachment, Emotional Experience & Religious Affiliation
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[research_footprints] => Place attachment; Place identity; Place dependence; Emotional experience; Religious destination loyalty; Religious affiliation
[graphic_abstract] =>
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[the_novelty] => In the context of religious tourism destinations, this study elucidated that the effect of visitors’ place attachment on destination loyalty is given rise by their on-site emotional experience (a mediator). Meanwhile, the extent of visitors’ religious affiliation (a moderator) determined how much place attachment and emotional experience would affect destination loyalty. Place dependence (a dimension of place attachment) showed an indirect effect on destination loyalty via emotional experience. In comparison to Hindu and Muslim visitors, this effect (moderated by religious affiliation) was strongest among Christian visitors. The data used in this study was obtained from a survey that involved 812 Attur Feast attendees, followed by a series of multiple regression analyses. Future studies may test the consistency of this experimental model by replicating it in contexts involving different religions. In addition, more dimensions of place attachment (e.g., place effect and place social bonding), extra psychological concepts (e.g., emotions and perceived authenticity), and reputation of religious destination can be included as part of the research.
[the_background] => Religious festivals are valuable occasions as they embrace customs and beliefs. Most of the festivals are being held at unique locations, fostering a sense of place attachment in the attendees. In turn, place attachment was shown to result in the development of emotional experience. However, an inadequate amount of studies have looked into the effect of place attachment on emotional experience and how this relationship leads to destination loyalty. Besides that, the effect of religious affiliation on those relationships has not been assessed yet. In order to complement the research gap, this study evaluated the role of visitors' place attachment and emotional experience on destination loyalty, with religious affiliation as a moderator within the model. The contribution of the outcome includes facilitating the planning for sustainability of religious events and providing constructive strategies to promote religious festivals and events.
[the_sdg_impact] => In 2019, India’s Travel & Tourism GDP contribution grew by 4.9%, the third highest after China and the Philippines. In the following year, it created 31.8 million jobs which contributed to 7.3% of the total employment in the country (source: ibef.org). These data indicate that tourism plays a major role in the livelihood of the people in India. Hence, the government should prioritize the industry by implementing policies to support and enhance tourism. This research sheds light on the influence of emotional experiences and religious affiliation on destination loyalty. Thus, its goal is perfectly aligned with UNSDG8: Decent Work & Economic Growth.
[article_url] => https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2211973620301045?via%3Dihub
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2020.100737
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[publication_title] => Visitors' loyalty to religious tourism destinations: Considering place attachment, emotional experience and religious affiliation
[journal_title] => Tourism Management Perspectives
[publisher] => Elsevier
[year] => October 2020
[subject] => Hospitality and Tourism; Tourists Retention
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[post_date] => 2022-07-14 16:07:07
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[post_title] => Factors Influencing Tourists’ Destination Loyalty
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[research_footprints] => place attachment; destination loyalty; emotional solidarity; perceived safety; religious festival; moderated mediation
[graphic_abstract] =>
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[the_novelty] => What keeps a visitor returning to a festival or tourist destination? In the context of a religious festival, this study demonstrated that visitors’ place attachment is a determinant for destination loyalty and emotional solidarity. Moreover, destination loyalty is positively affected by emotional solidarity. Place attachment also positively affected destination loyalty through emotional solidarity (a mediator). The strength of such effect relied on the visitor level of perceived safety (a moderator) at the festivals. The data collection and sampling involved 813 visitors during the Attur Church Fest in Karkala, India. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to test the hypotheses. The mediation and moderated mediation effects between the study constructs were tested using Process Macro 4.0. In order to go more in-depth, future studies can include obligatory religious motivations, shared behavior, and shared beliefs as antecedents of destination loyalty and emotional solidarity in a religious context. Furthermore, the influence of visitors’ perceived level of safety in the effect of antecedents on destination loyalty should also be emphasized. Destination managers should promote these festivals as an encounter momentum between host and guest and a sharing space of religious experiences that amplify the authenticity of the place. Publicising these aspects will definitely enhance the footfall (national and international) which in turn is beneficial to increase tourism potential of the region.
[the_background] => During religious festivals, place attachment is closely related to emotional solidarity (the degree of closeness between residents and tourists in a destination). Meanwhile, on-spot safety is a critical reason tourists return to the festivals. Although emotional solidarity contributes to a sense of safety, it remains obscure whether perceived safety may moderate the effect between place attachment and destination loyalty via emotional solidarity. Besides that, the effect of place attachment and emotional solidarity on destination loyalty is not investigated. To address the literature gap, this study disclosed how place attachment and emotional solidarity could influence destination loyalty and how perceived safety may moderate these relationships. The outcomes of this research serve as important guidelines for local authorities and festival organizers to implement necessary improvements to retain the loyalty of tourists and attendees.
[the_sdg_impact] => In 2020, the GDP contribution of the Indian travel & tourism industry was US$ 121.9 billion. Also, it accounted for 31.8 million jobs, which was 7.3% of the total employment in the country (source: ibef.org). These significant figures indicate that the Indian government should pay attention to enhancing and innovating the industry. By highlighting important theories that can promote development-oriented policies in supporting sustainable tourism, this study materialized UNSDG 8: Decent Work & Economic Growth. In the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development SDG target 8.9, aims to “by 2030, devise and implement policies to promote sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products”. The importance of sustainable tourism is also highlighted in SDG target 12.b. which aims to “develop and implement tools to monitor sustainable development impacts for sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products”.
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[publication_title] => Visitors’ Place Attachment and Destination Loyalty: Examining the Roles of Emotional Solidarity and Perceived Safety
[journal_title] => Journal of Travel Research
[publisher] => Sage Publishing
[year] => February 2019
[subject] => Hospitality and Tourism; Tourists Retention
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[post_date] => 2022-07-14 15:54:38
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[post_title] => Facilitating New Product Development in Restaurant Through Social Capital & Knowledge Sharing
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[researchers_name] => PATWARDHAN, Vidya
[researchers_position] => Centre for Hospitality and Tourism Research, Manipal Institute of Technology, India
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Restaurants.png
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[research_footprints] => New product development; Knowledge sharing intention; External social capital; Internal social capital
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => In the context of the high-end restaurant business in India, this study demonstrated that the quality of relationships within the business team (internal social capital, ISC) positively affects the quality of relationships formed with outsiders (external social capital, ESC). This phenomenon was mainly due to the collectivist culture in India, whereby good relationships (cultivated internally and externally) give rise to social support and identity. Despite that, only ISC has a positive impact on the knowledge sharing index (KSI) which, in turn, acted as a driving force for new product development (NPD). The results were obtained by deploying partial least square structural equation modeling to analyze the input data collected from 523 participants from the managerial team of high-end restaurants in India. For future studies, the authors proposed to investigate other determinants of sharing behaviors (e.g., resilience-building capacities, employee engagement, psychological ownership), different types of capital (e.g., financial and human), and other outcomes of knowledge sharing (e.g., customer orientation, creativity performance, and job performance).
[the_background] => Innovation and new product development (NPD) are key elements in defining successful hospitality organizations, such as hotels, tour agencies, restaurants, and food and beverage providers. Meanwhile, both internal and external social capital (SC) were seen as reliable predictors of knowledge-sharing behaviors. Despite the confirmed influence of knowledge-sharing behaviors in facilitating service innovation in tourism firms and restaurants, researchers have yet to determine if SC is a determinant of knowledge-sharing intention (KSI) and new product development (NPD). In order to fill up the research gap, this study investigated the impact of both internal and external SC concurrently on restaurant innovation through KSI and NPD. The results acted as a valuable reference for the government to design policies for growing and supporting the restaurant sector.
[the_sdg_impact] => The hospitality industry has taken a brutal hit since the COVID-19 pandemic started, and countless restaurants and hotels were forced to close down. In the current recovering stage of this industry, innovative plans are crucial to catch up with the new norm that altered the demand and preferences of consumers. By examining the factors affecting innovation, this research strived to facilitate new product development in restaurants. Thus, it realized UNSDG 8: Decent Work & Economic Growth.
[article_url] => https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJCHM-04-2020-0345/full/html
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[publication_title] => The impact of social capital and knowledge sharing intention on restaurants’ new product development
[journal_title] => International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management
[publisher] => Emerald Publishing
[year] => September 2020
[subject] => Hospitality and Tourism; Restaurants
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[post_date] => 2022-07-14 15:40:29
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[post_title] => Assessment of Urban Sprawl in Eight Mid-Sized Indian Cities
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[researchers_name] => CHETTRY, Vishal
[researchers_position] => Manipal School of Architetcure and Planning, Manipal Institute of Technology, India
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[research_footprints] => Urban sprawl index; RS & GIS; Landscape metrics; Mid-sized city; India
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => By applying modern research tools like remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS), this study showed that eight mid-sized Indian cities underwent a rapid outward expansion of built-up areas, with irregular shapes of built-up patches. Furthermore, secondary urban core and urban fringe showed an increasing trend. Despite the uptrends, there was a decline in population density in most cities. Urban sprawl index (USI) was formulated by combining eleven significant variables related to urban sprawl patterns and typologies from open source datasets. Such index can be used in developing and under developed countries where data availability is a major constraint. The urban sprawl index (USI) varied from 20.73 to 11.28 in Thiruvananthapuram Urban Agglomeration (UA) and Dehradun UA.
[the_background] => Urban sprawl refers to the expansion of poorly planned, low-density, auto-dependent development, creating high segregation between residential and commercial uses. It causes adverse effects on the environment and biodiversity in India. Although urban growth is likely to take place mainly in mid-sized cities, thorough research emphasizing urban sprawl assessment of mid-sized cities remains scarce. Hence, this study adopted several modern research tools to analyze the spatio-temporal urban sprawl in eight mid-sized Indian cities from regions with different physiography. Besides enriching the database of the urban sprawl index (USI) for future research, the output of this research served as a reliable reference for the local authorities to plan for sustainable urban development.
[the_sdg_impact] => Proper urbanization is crucial for the healthy development of the economy, society, and environment of any country. On the other hand, urban sprawl is known to bring the residents and the environment negative consequences, such as water and air pollution, increased traffic fatalities and jams, and loss of agricultural capacity. As the findings of the study serve as a reference to strengthen national and regional development planning, it indirectly contributes to the realization of UN SDG 11: Sustainable Cities & Communities.
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12524-021-01420-8
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[publication_title] => Urban Sprawl Assessment in Eight Mid-sized Indian Cities Using RS and GIS
[journal_title] => Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => August 2021
[subject] => Architetcure; Geographic Information System
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[post_date] => 2022-07-14 15:31:22
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[post_title] => Wastewater Management Using Aqueous Two-Phase System (ATPS)
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[researchers_name] => VARADAVENKATESAN, Thivaharan
[researchers_position] => Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, India
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[research_footprints] => Aqueous two-phase system; WastewaterProteins; Biomolecules; Wastewater treatment; Phenolic compounds
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study provides an overview of the different applications of the aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) in recovering valuables and contaminants from industrial and domestic waste discharges. As a whole, ATPS is simple, efficient, rapid, flexible, economical, and biocompatible. Moreover, its selectivity, purity, and yield are up to the standards and sometimes even better than conventional waste discharge treatment technology, making it an ideal extraction and purification technology. Additionally, literature also proved that the superior capabilities of ATPS are fruits of continuous research and development of the system, ultimately transforming it into a versatile mechanism suitable across various industries to purify waste discharges. In light of its elaborate benefits, the study suggests that the system be made compatible with the industrial scale to improve the integration and application process, adding value to the respective waste streams.
[the_background] => A well-designed product manufacturing system depends on the efficiency of production and valuable product reclamation, and its downstream waste management strategy. Alas, conventional extraction and purification technologies incur high operational costs, produce lower yield, lack specificity and up-scalability, and use non-eco-friendly components. Alternatively, the aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) has been identified as a better option to overcome the limitations of existing technologies and tools. Therefore, this study aims to review the application of ATPS in diverse industries, emphasizing its capabilities and suggesting ways to improve its industrial-scale implementation.
[the_sdg_impact] => According to GAIA, a global network working towards a just and waste-free world without incineration, approximately 2.01 billion tons of waste are generated annually. Unless effective measures are put to work, it is projected that by 2050, the total amount of waste generation will increase by 70% to 3.4 billion tons. Accordingly, Zero Waste initiatives have been adopted in various regions as a sustainable solution to address such waste crisis. Based on the outcome of this review, the aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) could potentially contribute to achieving the targets of the UN’s 12th Sustainable Development Goal, Responsible consumption and production. The adoption of said system across various industries would lead to environmentally sound management of chemicals and wastes throughout the production life cycle while complying with the agreed international framework of Zero Waste.
[article_url] => https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969721013619
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Wastewater-.jpg
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146293
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[publication_title] => Recovery of value-added products from wastewater using Aqueous Two-Phase Systems – A review
[journal_title] => Science of The Total Environment
[publisher] => Elsevier
[year] => July 2021
[subject] => Biotechnology; Wastewater
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[post_date] => 2022-07-14 15:19:56
[post_date_gmt] => 2022-07-14 07:19:56
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Liquid Crystallinity Optimization through Polar Substituents and Chain Length
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[researchers_name] => BHAGAVATH, Poornima
[researchers_position] => Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, India
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[research_footprints] => Hydrogen bonding; Induced mesomorphism; Linear HB complexes; Pyridyl units; Smectic phases; Dihalobenzoic acids; Polar substituents
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study demonstrates that when dihalobenzoic acids and pyridyl units (both non-mesogenic) are mixed in an equimolar ratio, a hydrogen-bonded (HB) complex with liquid crystalline behavior (mesomorphism) will be formed. Compared to monohalobenzoic acid HB complexes (with the same pyridyl units), higher liquid crystallinity (mesomorphic thermal stabilities) is observed in dihalobenzoic acid HB complexes. When comparing the effect of different dihalobenzoic acids, 4-chloro-2-fluorobenzoic acid HB complexes exhibit higher liquid crystallinity than 2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid HB complexes. In addition, when a series of pyridyl units with increasing chain length are used, the HB complexes exhibit an increasing liquid crystalline thermal range initially but followed by a downtrend. These results are obtained by studying the samples using various characterization techniques, such as infrared spectroscopy, polarizing optical microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry.
[the_background] => Studies related to liquid crystals (LC) formed through hydrogen bonds have been receiving attention due to their increasing demand in applications like electro-optical and laser devices. The thermal stability of liquid crystals (mesomorphs) relies on various factors, including dipole-dipole interactions, London dispersion forces, dipole-induced dipole interactions, polarity, and polarizability of different molecules. Meanwhile, terminal polar substituents on molecules could significantly change the polarity and polarizability of the system, giving rise to the enhancement or stabilization of mesomorphism. Due to the intriguing phenomena observed in hydrogen-bonded LC systems and the limited number of LC research focusing on mixtures of dihalobenzoic acid and pyridyl units exhibiting, this study aims to examine the effect of hydrogen bond interactions in non-mesomorphic binary systems (using dihalobenzoic acids) on liquid crystalline behavior. These results serve as a valuable complement to the existing knowledge base, specifically in the properties of liquid crystal synthesized using various dihalobenzoic acid and pyridyl units.
[the_sdg_impact] => Liquid crystals are a crucial material in applications such as smartphone cameras, device displays, hyperspectral imaging, semiconductors failure analysis, lasers, and pico-projectors. Therefore, an extensive study focusing on understanding and improving liquid crystal properties is necessary to catch up with the emerging applications. The outcomes of this research have successfully enhanced the research on liquid crystals, fulfilling the targets of UNSDG 9: Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure.
[article_url] => https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167732221010370?via%3Dihub
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116313
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[publication_title] => Influence of polar substituents and flexible chain length on mesomorphism in non-mesogenic linear hydrogen bonded complexes
[journal_title] => Journal of Molecular Liquids
[publisher] => Elsevier
[year] => August 2021
[subject] => Chemistry; Molecular Liquids
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[post_title] => Improvement of the Antenna Isolation by the Bandstop Filter Decoupling Technique
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[researchers_position] => Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, India
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[research_footprints] => Antennas; MIMO communication; PIN photodiodes; Switches; Mutual coupling; Electronic mail; Resonant frequency
[graphic_abstract] =>
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[the_novelty] => In the study, the proposed miniature reconfigurable multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna was developed using a switchable bandstop filter as a decoupling structure that can be used for wireless communication systems. The MIMO antenna can enhance channel capacity and reliability as well as integrate multiple communication standards. The antenna was developed through four major steps: creating a single antenna, followed by developing two-port antennas. Then, the reconfigurable decoupling network was developed, which finally led to reconfigurable MIMO antenna development. When the antenna was tested at two different modes, respectively, various parameters were observed, and the measured results of the antenna verified the simulation results. The study results indicated that the antenna efficiency was 86.8% and 91.47% in Mode 1 and Mode 2, respectively. The study indicated that larger reconfigurable MIMO antennas could be developed in the future, potentially consisting of more than two antenna elements through the proposed isolation technique.
[the_background] => The MIMO antenna with the proposed bandstop filter reconfiguration can enhance channel capacity and reliability as well as integrate multiple communications standards. This signifies that the bandstop filter reconfiguration proposed in the study succeeds. The goal of the study is to prevent mutual coupling between two closely spaced monopole antenna elements and reconfigure the antenna characteristics. In the study, the MIMO antenna with the proposed bandstop filter reconfiguration showed higher isolation at both operating frequencies than the other antennas reported. The bandstop filter decoupling technique contributed to the improvement in the isolation of the antenna. The study evaluated other antennas and indicated that the antenna proposed in the study has a better dimension than other antennas making it easier to integrate into compact wireless devices.
[the_sdg_impact] => Wireless communication systems are increasingly adopted in our everyday life due to flexibility and mobility. Soon, the 5G or fifth generation of cellular networks, one of the fastest wireless technologies to date, would be available globally. The study is strongly associated with “Goal 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure” of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). In the study, the proposed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is regarded as a breakthrough in wireless communication research due to its ability of greater isolation and deeper resonance while integrating multiple communications standards. The antenna’s ability to enhance channel capacity and reliability is better than other antennas of a similar type.
[article_url] => https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9709264
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3150348
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[publication_title] => Bandstop Filter Decoupling Technique for Miniaturized Reconfigurable MIMO Antenna
[journal_title] => IEEE Access
[publisher] => IEEE Explore
[year] => February 2022
[subject] => Electronics and Communication Engineering; Wireless Communication Systems
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[post_date] => 2022-07-14 14:36:34
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[post_title] => Heart Ultrasound Image as Potential Chronic Kidney Disease Diagnosis Tool
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[research_footprints] => Chronic kidney disease; FusionGraph embedding; Support vector machine; Ultrasound image
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study developed a novel automated diagnostic system to detect and differentiate different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) using ultrasound (US) images of the heart. The proposed computer-aided diagnosis system combined image and feature fusion techniques under a graph embedding framework to characterize heart chamber properties of stage 3 to stage 5 CKD patients. Findings indicated an impressive 100% accuracy in differentiating healthy individuals from CKD patients and a 99.09% accuracy in distinguishing between multiple CKD stages with absolute specificity and sensitivity. Moreover, the utilization of non-invasive heart US imagery as part of a computer-aided diagnosis tool does not only provide a cost-effective approach for CKD staging but also would serve as reliable cardiac health surveillance among CKD patients. Thus, clinicians would be able to monitor the heart conditions of CKD patients effectively and propose early interventions as and when needed.
[the_background] => Although the widely available kidney US technique is a relatively low-cost approach to assessing CKD at all stages, it is also time-consuming. It is largely subjected to attending healthcare professionals’ interpretation. Therefore, it is necessary for an automated diagnostic tool to be utilized to improve the reliability of the assessment. Apart from that, CKD patients are known to face a higher risk of developing severe cardiovascular disease. Studies have shown that those with stage 5 CKD undergoing dialysis are 10 to 20 times more prone to the risk of cardiovascular mortality. Hence, continual cardiac assessment of CKD patients, regardless of the disease stage, is necessary to ensure timely intervention and reduce the severity of complications as well as mortality. As a result of such challenges, this study aims to improve the accuracy and sensitivity of CKD screening through automation.
[the_sdg_impact] => Globally, over 75 million people are affected by CKD, making it one of the leading public health problems. Studies have also shown that the mortality rate from CKD has increased up to 41.5% from 1990 to 2017. By developing an effective algorithm to screen for CKD progress using heart US imagery, this study improves the prevention rate of premature mortality from non-communicable diseases, mainly cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, the system is generalizable to other medical conditions, hence could potentially serve as a reliable diagnostic tool for the global burden of various other diseases. (SDG 3: Good health and well-being)
[article_url] => https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S174680942100330X
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bspc.2021.102733
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[publication_title] => Automated detection of chronic kidney disease using image fusion and graph embedding techniques with ultrasound images
[journal_title] => Biomedical Signal Processing and Control
[publisher] => Elsevier
[year] => July 2021
[subject] => Instrumentation and Control Engineering; Chronic Kidney Disease
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[post_date] => 2022-07-14 14:18:52
[post_date_gmt] => 2022-07-14 06:18:52
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Effect of Oleic Acid Additives on Performance and NOx Emissions in Biodiesel Engine
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[researchers_name] => P, Dinesha
[researchers_position] => Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, India
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[researchers_profile] => https://www.researchgate.net/profile/P-Dinesha
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[research_footprints] => Biodiesel; Hydrogen carrier; NOx; Oleic acid; Optimization; PSO
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study discloses that the emission of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) from a biodiesel engine is minimal when running on Pongamia ester (PE) with 10% oleic acid at a compression ratio (CR) of 17.5 and engine load of 81%. Upon optimization, the NOx is reduced by 72% (100 ppm) at a 2% loss of brake thermal efficiency (BTE) (30.42%). A stationary single-cylinder, four-stroke, water-cooled, variable compression ratio (VCR) compression ignition engine is used in this study. Meanwhile, the optimization of operating conditions involves scientific methods such as the design of experiments (DOE), analysis of variance (ANOVA), regression analysis, and multiobjective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO). In order to fine-tune the current study, future research may use a biodiesel engine with higher flexibility in the variability of engine load as the current engine load can only be controlled at the steps of 25%.
[the_background] => Biodiesel is an excellent alternative for conventional combustion-based applications, such as automobiles and power plants. Pongamia oil (PE) (derived from inedible plants) is known as a highly potential source of biodiesel fuel. For better understanding, scientists compared the use of neat PE and PE blends containing diesel fuel. Although PE blends achieved higher brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and combustion duration, there was an increase in NOx emissions. To overcome that, various types of biodiesel additives and their effect have been studied. Despite that, the number of reported studies focusing on the effect of oleic acid additives (e.g., combustion performance, NOx emissions) on biodiesel is still scarce. Furthermore, no optimization study has been carried out to ascertain the optimum oleic acid concentration for the desired reduction in NOx emissions without compromising the combustion performance. Thus, this research strives to investigate the effect of oleic acid additives on the performance and NOx emissions in a PE fuel-operated biodiesel engine. Optimization of the controlling parameters is also conducted to maximize the engine efficiency and minimize NOx emission. The results of this study are valuable for the biotechnology field to provide optimal solutions in improving the efficiency of biofuel while minimizing NOx emissions.
[the_sdg_impact] => In the U.S., the burning of fossil fuels accounted for 74% of greenhouse gas emissions in 2019. This alarming scenario implies the urgent need for renewable energy before the environmental damages worsen. Despite the existence of biodiesel which is adequately efficient and less harmful, this study went the extra mile to optimize the performance and properties of biodiesel. Hence, it fulfills UNSDG 7: Affordable & Clean Energy and UNSDG 13: Climate action by increasing the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix.
[article_url] => https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0360319921019066?via%3Dihub
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.05.124
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[publication_title] => NOx reduction of biodiesel engine using pongamia ester with oleic acid and optimization of operating conditions using particle swarm optimization
[journal_title] => International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
[publisher] => Elsevier
[year] => July 2021
[subject] => Mechanical and Industrial Engineering; Biodiesel
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[post_date] => 2022-07-14 14:06:40
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[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Benefits of Low-Temperature Annealing for Tailoring the Physical Properties of Sn-doped ZnO Thin Film
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[researchers_name] => KEKUDA, Dhananjaya
[researchers_position] => Department Of Physics, Manipal Institute of Technology, India
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[research_footprints] => Co-sputtering; Tin doped ZnO thin Films; Low temperature air annealing; Photoluminescence; XPS; Hall effect
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study reveals the effect of low-temperature annealing on the properties of tin-doped ZnO [Zn(1-x)Sn(x)O] polycrystalline thin films with a hexagonal wurtzite structure. After being annealed, significant improvement in the electrical parameters is observed. The changes in physical properties include a change in crystal orientation from (002) to (100), an increase in the crystallite sizes (when annealed at 100 °C), an enlargement of optical bandgap from 3.17 to 3.44 eV, an increase in donor-related defects such as oxygen vacancies and Zn interstitials, and an improved blue light emission. Meanwhile, the doping process brings about an increase in oxygen-related defects, a two-order decrement in the resistivity as well as a three-order increment in the carrier concentration. The thin films were grown on glass substrates using DC magnetron reactive co-sputtering techniques. The characterization techniques involved are such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), photoluminescence (PL) analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and van der Pauw resistivity measurement.
[the_background] => Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a reputable Transparent Oxide Semiconductors (TOS) for electronic and photonic applications. Its conductivity can be improved tremendously using tin (Sn) dopant, which does not cause any serious lattice distortion. Past studies show that optimized annealing could enhance the overall physical properties of Sn-doped ZnO thin film. Nevertheless, to date, the number of studies focusing on low-temperature annealed Sn-doped ZnO thin film fabricated by DC magnetron reactive co-sputtering remains scanty. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the physical properties of Sn-doped ZnO thin film prepared using the said technique and examine the effect of low-temperature air-annealing. The output of this research expands the knowledge base specifically in the potential application of Sn-doped ZnO thin film as optoelectronic devices (e.g., UV photosensors and thin-film transistors).
[the_sdg_impact] => The rapid advancement of technology has led to the designs of high-technology nano-electronic devices to cater to various industrial needs and end-consumer markets. Such phenomena have created a high demand for materials with superior properties. By introducing an effective way to prepare optoelectronic materials with enhanced properties, the outcome of this study is in line with innovative prospects envisioned by UNSDG 9: Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure.
[article_url] => https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0921452621007249?via%3Dihub
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2021.413571
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[publication_title] => An investigation on the role of low temperature annealing on the structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties of DC magnetron sputtered Zn(1-x)Sn(x)O thin films
[journal_title] => Physica B: Condensed Matter
[publisher] => Elsevier
[year] => March 2022
[subject] => Physics; ZnO
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[post_date] => 2022-07-14 13:53:03
[post_date_gmt] => 2022-07-14 05:53:03
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Study of Coastal Lake Sediments Using a Mineral Magnetic Approach
[post_excerpt] =>
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[post_name] => study-of-coastal-lake-sediments-using-a-mineral-magnetic-approach
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[researchers_name] => WARRIER, Anish Kumar
[researchers_position] => Department of Civil Engineering and Centre for Climate Studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, India
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/climate.png
[researchers_profile] => https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Anish-Warrier
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[research_footprints] => Magnetic susceptibility; Magnetic grain size; Weathering; Aeolian; Lake sediments; East Antarctica
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study investigated the abundance, size and type of magnetic minerals present in a 79-cm long sediment core from a land-locked lake (L-49) in Schirmacher Oasis (SO, East Antarctica). The sediment core spans the past 43,000-years. Apart from the abundance of iron oxide minerals traced through the magnetic susceptibility data, biological processes and wind activity were also found to be significant in contributing sediments to the lake across different timescales in the region. Notably, the findings showed that the SO lakes responded well to the changing climate throughout the last glacial period and the Holocene (11700 years BP to the Present). Such reconstruction of the L-49 sediments’ glacial-interglacial climatic and environmental changes would contribute to the expansion of literature and be useful when developing regional and global climate models.
[the_background] => Since the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS) is the largest ice sheet in Antarctica, understanding its response to the changing climate is crucial to prevent or be prepared for potential climate-change-triggered environmental catastrophe. However, there is a grave shortage of data on the past behavior of the EAIS throughout the changing timescales and climate. As linkers of continental ice cores and marine sediments, the study of coastal lake sediments would shed some light on ice sheet dynamics, sea-level changes, isostasy, deglaciation, and ice sheet decay. Therefore, this study uses the properties of magnetic minerals to reconstruct glacial-interglacial climatic and environmental changes from sediments of a land-locked lake.
[the_sdg_impact] => According to the data presented by Climate.gov, the global sea level has risen to a new record high in 2020, 91.3 mm (3.6 inches) above 1993 levels. Consequently, more high-tide flooding and other environmental catastrophe are to be expected, leaving behind massive damage to the infrastructure and disrupting the livelihood of many. By providing up-to-date and comprehensive data on the glacial conditions of the largest ice sheet and its role in the rising sea levels, the findings of this study allow scientists, environmentalists, and world leaders to devise urgent and strategic action to combat climate change and minimize its damages. (SDG 13: Climate action)
[article_url] => https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0341816221001594
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/climate-2.jpg
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2021.105300
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[publication_title] => A 43-ka mineral magnetic record of environmental variations from lacustrine sediments of Schirmacher Oasis, East Antarctica
[journal_title] => CATENA
[publisher] => Elsevier
[year] => July 2021
[subject] => Civil Engineering; Climate Studies
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[post_date] => 2022-07-14 13:29:57
[post_date_gmt] => 2022-07-14 05:29:57
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Novel Raman Spectroscopy Approach for Competent Cell Membrane Studies
[post_excerpt] =>
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[researchers_name] => BANKAPUR, Aseefhali
[researchers_position] => Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, India
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Raman.png
[researchers_profile] => https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Dr-Aseefhali-Bankapur
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[research_footprints] => Molecules; Monomers; Peptides and proteins; Plasma membrane; Raman spectroscopy
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => Using an optical vortex beam, this study proposed a novel method for optically immobilizing the red blood cells (RBCs) in a favorable orientation, improving Raman analysis sensitivity in cell membrane studies for higher cell volume. An extensive spectral analysis using the optical vortex beam was compared with the conventional Gaussian beam-based measurements to validate both efficiency and sensitivity of the method proposed. As a result, the optical trapping of RBC in a face-on orientation enabled physiological and biochemical properties of hemoglobin (Hb) molecules near RBC membrane as well as inside the bulk of the cell to be distinguished precisely. Such evidence is crucial to unravel the elaborate potentials of Raman spectroscopy in cellular studies and disease development.
[the_background] => Understanding the role of cell membranes in cellular homeostasis is vital to prevent the development of several non-communicable diseases. The conventional optical immobilization of single functional cell using Gaussian beam limits Raman spectroscopy's potential in efficiently analyzing cell membrane. Such is primarily due to the restrictions in cell orientation with regards to the beam direction and cell volume. Therefore, the study aims to provide a feasible replacement of the beam used in Raman spectroscopy to improve cell membrane analysis and understanding.
[the_sdg_impact] => Over the years, the usefulness of Raman spectroscopy as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for a range of diseases has been well established, not without its limitations. The new method proposed in this study, which utilizes an optical vortex beam instead of a Gaussian beam, enhances the performance of Raman spectroscopy in terms of cell membrane analysis. Based on the outcomes, it is apparent that such innovation could broadly impact the future development of medicines for communicable and non-communicable diseases as envisioned in the 3rd United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal, Good health and well-being.
[article_url] => https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05204
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05204
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[publication_title] => Optical Trapping and Micro-Raman Spectroscopy of Functional Red Blood Cells Using Vortex Beam for Cell Membrane Studies
[journal_title] => Analytical Chemistry
[publisher] => ACS Publication
[year] => March 2021
[subject] => Molecular Physics; Chemistry
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[post_date] => 2022-07-14 12:29:07
[post_date_gmt] => 2022-07-14 04:29:07
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Impact of Investor-Agent Relationship in Choosing Life Insurance Policy
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[researchers_name] => SHETTY, Ankitha
[researchers_position] => Department of Commerce, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, India
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[research_footprints] => Decision making; Insurance; Trust; Investors; Agent; Relational selling
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => To better understand investors’ buying decisions in life insurance, this study discloses how the investor-agent relationship affects the decision-making process. Trust is among the most influential prerequisites as it fully mediates the effect of agent disclosure and personal rapport on decision-making. Besides that, interaction intensity with agents, co-operative intentions of agents, and sharing of overt and covert information also significantly impact the decision-making process. These insights are derived from a questionnaire answered by 813 policyholders of life insurance companies operating in South India. A partial least square method of structural equation modeling is applied to analyze the data. Future research can expand the study scope of relational selling by focusing on adaptive and team selling behavior and diving into health insurance, auto insurance, and property insurance.
[the_background] => The chances of closing deals in the insurance industry depend mainly on the potential investors’ confidence and trust in the insurance agents responsible for providing valuable and accurate policy information. Although the ethical conduct of agents is known to be a primary determining factor, the effect of investor‒agent relationships on the decision-making process of acquiring insurance policy remains unclear. Hence, this study investigates the impact of relational selling behavior on insurance decision-making and explores the significance of trust in making such decisions. The outcome would provide valuable inputs to insurance companies by highlighting the key relational prerequisites to be emphasized while establishing and maintaining a fruitful long-term relationship with investors.
[the_sdg_impact] => The development of the insurance sector is crucial to the general economic growth of the nation by generating long-term financial resources and employment. Thus, the profitability of the insurance sector ought to be a main national financial agenda. This study has successfully identified the effect of relational selling on life insurance decision-making in India. As the ultimate focus is directed toward promoting sustainable economic growth, the study is well-aligned with UNSDG 8: Decent Work & Economic Growth.
[article_url] => https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJBM-09-2018-0236/full/html
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-09-2018-0236
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[publication_title] => The effect of relational selling on life insurance decision making in India
[journal_title] => International Journal of Bank Marketing
[publisher] => Emerald Publishing
[year] => June 2019
[subject] => Social Science; Insurance
)
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[post_date] => 2022-07-14 12:20:39
[post_date_gmt] => 2022-07-14 04:20:39
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Life Insurance Industry: Efficiency of Traditional & Corporate Agents
[post_excerpt] =>
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[post_name] => life-insurance-industry-efficiency-of-traditional-corporate-agents
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[researchers_name] => SHETTY, Ankitha
[researchers_position] => Department of Commerce, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, India
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[research_footprints] => Bancassurance; traditional agents; insurance companies; cost efficiency; data envelopment analysis
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => Upon assessing the technical efficiency of traditional and corporate agents in the Indian life insurance industry, this study concludes that there is no significant difference between the efficiency scores of traditional and corporate agents. These findings also indicate that efficiency scores and market share are not necessarily negatively correlated, opposing the Quiet life hypothesis. The research is conducted by examining the sales efficiency of 12 traditional and corporate agency channels between 2012 and 2016 using the non-parametric approach of data envelopment analysis (DEA). By minimizing the non-availability of data and increasing the sample size, a more accurate and comprehensive outcome can be expected in future studies.
[the_background] => The profitability of the life insurance industry in India relies strongly on the efficiency of the distribution channels, such as traditional and corporate agencies. However, these agencies are bound to face difficulties like high turnover rate, increasing expenses, and unsatisfying sales figures. Thus, to confront these issues, this study is carried out to focus on the efficiency of insurance distribution channels. Based on the proven low efficiency of both the traditional and corporate media, this study suggests that insurance companies should reduce the number of agents and commission expenses. The output of this research serves as a solid reference for future strategizing and efficiency improvement of distribution channels, including leveraging digital insurance as an alternative distribution channel.
[the_sdg_impact] => The insurance industry is essential for the stability of financial systems because they are part of the prominent investors in financial markets and because the insurers safeguard the financial stability of households and firms by insuring their risks. Therefore, the sustainability and profitability of the insurance industry are critical to the economic growth of a country. By attempting to strengthen the capacity and improve the efficiency of the insurance industry, this study aligns with the targets of UNSDG 8: Decent Work & Economic Growth.
[article_url] => https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0972150917749722
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Insurance-2.jpg
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150917749722
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[publication_title] => Assessing the Technical Efficiency of Traditional and Corporate Agents in Indian Life Insurance Industry: Slack-based Data Envelopment Analysis Approach
[journal_title] => Global Business Review
[publisher] => Sage Publishing
[year] => January 2018
[subject] => Social Science; Insurance
)
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[84] => WP_Post Object
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[post_date] => 2022-06-29 18:07:35
[post_date_gmt] => 2022-06-29 10:07:35
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Highly-Effective Nanozymes for Biomedicine and Industrial Catalysis
[post_excerpt] =>
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[researchers_name] => YAN, Xiyun (阎锡蕴)
[researchers_position] => CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Nanozymes-2.png
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[researchers_name_2] => FAN, Kelong (范克龙)
[researchers_position_2] => CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
[researchers_photo_2] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Kelong-Fan.jpg
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[original_article_reference] =>
[research_footprints] => Biotechnology; Chemical structure; Metals; Monomers; Peptides and proteins
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/AMR_Article_04_v1_EN-scaled.jpg
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => By learning form natural enzymes, artificial enzymes (i.e. nanozymes) synthesized using nanomaterials have high potential in achieving or even surpassing the catalytic effectiveness of natural enzymes. Based on the role of amino acids in the active sites of natural enzymes, a desirable catalytic microenvironment can be prepared for nanozymes via simulations. Besides, nanozymes could possess adjustable enzyme-like activities by having coordination structures which are developed according to natural enzymes’ chemical coordination principles. To realize a more ideal nanozyme, future studies could focus on improving the specificity of catalysis as well as the flexibility and variability of active sites.
[the_background] => Nanozymes are artificial enzymes prepared using nanomaterials. They exhibit outstanding properties such as high stability, adjustable catalytic activities, wide range of functionality, high recyclability, and highly feasible for large-scale production. Although there has been significant progress, further optimizations are necessary so as to put nanozymes into applications. With the hope to inspire and to gain more attention from researchers, this study discusses the omnidirectional simulation of natural enzymes from an amino acid microenvironment to metal-free architecture, and to a metal coordination structure. The research output boosts the materialization of highly effective and highly efficient nanozymes which will bring biomedicine and industrial catalysis to a whole new level.
[the_sdg_impact] => Despite the rapid advances of medical science, an effective cure is still in need to treat inherited metabolic disorders which result in a number of life-changing or life-threatening conditions. The achievement of this study paves a clear path and direction as well as creates a realistic hope for the future development of nanozymes research (UNSDG 9: Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure). By being proactive in optimizing the development of nanozymes, patients of inherited metabolic disorders would stand higher chance to recover and live like any other individuals (UNSDG 3: Good Health & Well-Being).
[article_url] => https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/accountsmr.1c00074
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Nanozymes-4.jpg
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1021/accountsmr.1c00074
[original_article_reference_fields] => Array
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[publication_title] => Nanozymes Inspired by Natural Enzymes
[journal_title] => Accounts of Materials Research
[publisher] => ACS Publication
[year] => June 2021
[subject] => Material Science
)
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[post_date] => 2022-06-29 17:44:02
[post_date_gmt] => 2022-06-29 09:44:02
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Dip-Coating for Fabrication of Microstructured Ultrathin Organic Semiconductor Film
[post_excerpt] =>
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[researchers_name] => LI, Li-qiang (李立强)
[researchers_position] => Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, China
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Ultrathin-.jpg
[researchers_profile] => https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Liqiang-Li-3
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[researchers_name_2] => CHI, Li-feng (迟力峰)
[researchers_position_2] => The Functional Nano & Soft Materials Laboratory, Soochow University, China
[researchers_photo_2] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Ultrathin-4.jpg
[researchers_profile_2] => https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Lifeng-Chi
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[original_article_reference] =>
[research_footprints] => Microstructures; Molecular structure; Molecules; Monolayers; Optoelectronics; Solution chemistry; Solvents
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/AMR_Article_03_v3_EN-scaled.jpg
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => With the aim to realize state-of-the-art organic semiconductor (OSCs) via dip-coating, this study has comprehensively discussed the assembly strategy, underlying mechanism, critical factors, and applications of microstructured ultrathin organic semiconductor films (MUOSFs). The critical factors are such as pulling speed, molecular structures, and solution properties. The fundamental rule in preparing MUOSFs with different kinds of molecules (for different purposes) is to focus on the nucleation rate, assembly rate, and recession rate. Such rule will bring balance between the critical factors and, in turn, leads to fabrication of one-dimensional microstripes and two-dimensional films. By applying in-depth knowledge of dip-coating, this study has successfully prepared uniform, continuous, highly ordered, and large-area MUOSFs with monolayer precision. The expansion plan of this research includes dip-coating MUOSFs with face-on molecular orientations, growing continuous 2D molecular crystals over a large area, producing multiple component systems (e.g. cocrystals and heterojunctions), optimizing the overall morphology, and fabricating MUOSFs on wafers.
[the_background] => The potential of organic electronics is proven by the successful commercialization of active-matrix organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) for high-end smartphone displays. This milestone has gained OSCs tremendous attention which gave rise to the ambition of further enhancing the properties and performance of OSCs. As ultrathin OSC microstructures comprise one to several molecular layers (i.e. microstructured ultrathin organic semiconductor films (MUOSFs)), a highly controlled assembly method is in high demand to improve and design the OSCs’ properties for different applications. Aiming at the molecular-level precision of dip-coating technique, this study emphasizes on the assembly strategy, the underlying mechanism, and potential applications of MUOSFs. The output of this study plays a significant role in facilitating future research on optimizing the properties and performance MUOSFs.
[the_sdg_impact] => OSCs have promising prospects for use in various electrical and optoelectric devices such as solar cells, transistors, photodetectors, and lasers. With the advantages of being eco-friendly, lower-cost and flexible, the advances of OSCs will be a game-changer for the development of electronic devices. This study supports and enhances the research related to OSCs and, hence, it fulfils UNSDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure.
[article_url] => https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/accountsmr.0c00042
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Semiconductor-3.jpg
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1021/accountsmr.0c00042
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[publication_title] => Microstructured Ultrathin Organic Semiconductor Film via Dip-Coating: Precise Assembly and Diverse Applications
[journal_title] => Accounts of Materials Research
[publisher] => ACS Publication
[year] => November 2020
[subject] => Material Science
)
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[post_date] => 2022-06-29 17:25:41
[post_date_gmt] => 2022-06-29 09:25:41
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Structural Design and Recent Advances of Eu2+-doped Silicates Phosphors for LED Applications
[post_excerpt] =>
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[researchers_name] => XIA, Zhiguo (夏志国)
[researchers_position] => State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, China
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/夏志国.jpg
[researchers_profile] => https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Xia-Zhiguo
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[researchers_name_2] => ZHAO, Ming (赵鸣)
[researchers_position_2] => Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, China
[researchers_photo_2] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Phosphors.jpg
[researchers_profile_2] => https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ming-Zhao-103
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[original_article_reference] =>
[research_footprints] => Color; Crystal structure; Crystals; Luminescence; Phosphors; LED
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/AMR_Article_02_v2_EN-scaled.jpg
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study has revealed the crucial structural engineering to effectively develop Eu2+-doped silicates phosphors for LED applications. The distinctive luminescence properties of Eu2+ are attributed to the centroid shift of the 5d levels subshell, the energy difference between the lowest and highest 5d levels (crystal field splitting), the energy difference between the maximum of the lowest excitation band and that of the emission band (stoke shift), as well as the broad emission bandwidth. Therefore, the Eu2+ emission in silicates can possibly be tuned via various structural strategies, such as substitutions (to modify the chemical composition and crystal structure), identifying an optimal crystallographic site for Eu2+, and controlling crystalline phase transition. The results are diverse when different crystal structures and/or local structures are involved. The progress of recent research focusing on daily applications has been outlined comprehensively. These applications include white LED lighting, liquid-crystal displays (LCD) LED backlights, and near-infrared LEDs for medical and night-vision use. In order to keep advancing of Eu2+-doped silicates phosphors for emerging LED applications, future studies can focus on the deeper understanding on the relationship of structural rigidity and Eu2+ luminescence, as well as the discovery of new phosphor sytems.
[the_background] => Although phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes (pc-LEDs) have been commonly used, there is still room for improvement for its performance which mainly relies on the luminescence properties of phosphors used. Meanwhile, besides being low cost, Eu2+-doped earth abundant silicates phosphors are excellent luminescent materials for optoelectronic applications. With tunable bandwidth, their emission colors can cover near-ultraviolet (n-UV) to near-infrared (NIR). Due to its high potential, scientists are aspired to push the limits of Eu2+-doped silicate phosphors in materializing the state-of-the-art LED applications. This study contributes by shedding light on the significant structure−property relationships and the Eu2+ photoluminescence mechanism. Such effort would facilitate researchers in developing higher-performance Eu2+-doped phosphors to cater emerging applications.
[the_sdg_impact] => The global LED lighting market reached a value of US$ 84 Billion in 2020. The high global market demand indicates the importance of LED for diverse applications (both industrial- and consumer-use). By focusing on pushing the limits of LED using Eu2+-doped silicates phosphors, this study shows good alignment with UNSDG9: Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure. Cutting-edge LEDs will directly enhance the features and performance of countless devices and equipment.
[article_url] => https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/accountsmr.0c00014
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Phosphors4.jpg
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1021/accountsmr.0c00014
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[publication_title] => Structural Engineering of Eu2+-Doped Silicates Phosphors for LED Applications
[journal_title] => Accounts of Materials Research
[publisher] => ACS Publication
[year] => October 2020
[subject] => Material Science
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[post_date] => 2022-06-15 09:42:58
[post_date_gmt] => 2022-06-15 01:42:58
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Opportunistic Lung Cancer Screening: Good or Bad?
[post_excerpt] =>
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[post_name] => opportunistic-lung-cancer-screening-good-or-bad
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[researchers_name] => GAO, Wayne (高志文)
[researchers_position] => Global Health Security Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/tomography-.png
[researchers_profile] => https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Wayne-Gao-3
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[research_footprints] => Overdiagnosis; Observational study; Lung cancer screening; Randomized trial; Cohort study
[graphic_abstract] =>
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[the_novelty] => This study highlights the adverse effects of opportunistic lung cancer screening promotion from the non-smoking Taiwanese women population perspective. Findings indicate that the rise of low dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening among low-risk women population led to 6 times higher early-stage lung cancer detection from 2004 to 2018 with no change in the incidence of late-stage lung cancer. Even with a consistent lung cancer mortality, the 5-year survival rate has more than doubled within the given period. This concludes the potential misleading feedback that follows unnecessary excessive cancer screening. Without dismissing the benefits of LDCT screening for lung cancer, the study suggests the target groups be heavy-smoker specific for better reliability instead of broad low-risk population screening.
[the_background] => Over the years, lung cancer screening criteria have expanded, and opportunistic screening for the disease has been actively promoted among lower-risk groups. Increased incidence of lung cancer has been reported even as the smoking population and other risk factors continue to decrease. Considering these observations, researchers find that it is crucial to understand the association of lung cancer incidence with the promotion of screening in a predominantly non-smoking population. Potentially, the findings would highlight the health and economic impacts as well as reliability of opportunistic screening among lower-risk groups, serving as an important reference for healthcare policymakers.
[the_sdg_impact] => According to WHO, in 2020 alone, out of 2.21 million lung cancer cases reported, there were approximately 1.80 million deaths. Apart from prevention efforts, early detection is believed to play a prominent role in reducing cancer mortality. Consequently, opportunistic screening has been heavily promoted, not just among heavy smokers, but also among those from the lower-risk population. However, this study’s findings elaborated on the adverse effects of such excessive screening and the economic impact on national insurance coverage as a result of overdiagnosis and downstream medical procedure expenses. Accordingly, healthcare policymakers could refer to these findings for a better decision-making process concerning health coverage, and quality and affordability of medical services. (UN SDG 3: Good health and well-being)
[article_url] => https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2788296
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2021.7769
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[publication_title] => Association of Computed Tomographic Screening Promotion With Lung Cancer Overdiagnosis Among Asian Women
[journal_title] => JAMA Internal Medicine
[publisher] => JAMA Network
[year] => January 2022
[subject] => Medical; Lung Cancer; Social Science
)
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[post_title] => Low-background Neutron Detector for Precise Measurement of Reaction Cross-Section
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[researchers_name] => LI, Yutian (李宇田)
[researchers_position] => CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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[researchers_name_2] => GAO, Bingshui Gao
[researchers_position_2] => CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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[research_footprints] => Underground laboratory; Neutron detector; Low background; 3He Counter
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[the_novelty] => This study has successfully developed a high-efficiency neutron detector array with an exceptionally low background to measure the cross-section of the 13C(α,n)16O reaction at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory (CJPL). Comprising 24 3He proportional counters embedded in a polyethylene moderator, and shielded with 7% borated polyethylene layer, the neutron background at CJPL was as low as 4.5 counts/h, whereby 1.94 counts/h was attributed to the internal α radioactivity. Remarkably, the angular distribution of the 13C(α,n)16O reaction was proven to be a primary variable affecting the detection efficiency. The detection efficiency of the array for neutrons in the range of 0.1MeV to 4.5 MeV was determined using the 51V(p, n)51Cr reaction carried out with the 3 MV tandem accelerator at Sichuan University and Monte Carlo simulations. Future studies can be planned to focus on further improvement of the efficiency accuracy by measuring the angular distribution of 13C(α,n)16O reaction.
[the_background] => Gamow window is the range of energies which defines the optimal energy for reactions at a given temperature in stars. The nuclear cross-section of a nucleus is used to describe the probability that a nuclear reaction will occur. The 13C(α,n)16O reaction is the main neutron source for the slow neutron capture process (s-process) in asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars, in which the 13C(α,n)16O reaction occurs at the Gamow window spanning from 150 to 230 keV. Hence, it is necessary to precisely measure the cross-section of 13C(α,n)16O reaction in this energy range. A low-background and high detection efficiency neutron detector is the essential equipment to carry out such measurements. This study developed a low-background neutron detector array that exhibited high detection efficiency to address the demands. With such development, advanced studies, including direct cross-section measurements of the key neutron source reactions in stars, can be conducted in the near future.
[the_sdg_impact] => Low-background neutron detectors play a crucial role in facilitating research related to nuclear astrophysics, neutrino physics, and dark matter. By improving the efficiency and upgrading the technological capability of low background neutron detectors, this study indirectly contributes to the enhancement of scientific research. Additionally, fields involving material science and nuclear reactor technology would also benefit from the perfection of neutron detector technology. Taking into consideration the potential application and expansion of these findings, such innovative attempt aligns well with UNSDG9: Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure.
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41365-022-01030-0
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[publication_title] => Development of a low-background neutron detector array
[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => April 2022
[subject] => Engineering; Nuclear Physics; Nuclear Technology; Applied Physics
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[post_title] => Hadronic Interactions and Collective Flow in High-Baryon-Density Region
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[research_footprints] => Heavy-ion collisions; QCD phase diagram; UrQMD; Collective flow; Mean-field potential
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[the_novelty] => This study showed the significance of hadronic interactions in developing collective flow in the high-baryon-density region. The statement was derived from the finding whereby a mean-field mode with strong repulsive interaction is needed to reproduce the recent STAR results of 10–40% centrality at √sNN = 3 GeV. Besides that, the energy dependence of directed and elliptic flows was discussed comprehensively. The research was conducted based on Monte Carlo event samples of Au+Au collisions at center of mass energies of √ sNN = 2.11 – 4.9 GeV generated by version 3.4 of the UrQMD model (including both cascade and mean-field modes). These findings contribute to a richer knowledge base in particle physics.
[the_background] => High-energy (relativistic) heavy-ion collisions produce an enormous amount of subatomic particles in all directions. In such collisions, the term “flow” describes how energy, momentum, and number of these particles vary with direction. Collective flow describes a movement of a large number of subatomic particles either in a common direction or at a common magnitude of velocities. Meanwhile, elliptic flow measures how the flow is not uniform in all directions when viewed along the beamline. Besides proving the existence of quark-gluon plasma, elliptic flow is one of the most important observations measured at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). A recent study conducted by Solenoidal Tracker at RHIC (STAR) implied that the hadronic interactions dominated the equation of state in collisions at center of mass energies of √ sNN = 3 GeV (a region with a high baryon density baryon chemical potential of 750 MeV). As an effort to explore phase structure in the high baryon density region, this research deployed a hadronic transport model, known as the ultra-relativistic quantum molecular dynamics model (UrQMD), to study the directed and elliptic flows in the high baryon density region by using Monte Carlo event samples of Au+Au collisions. Other than marking a new milestone for the second phase of the beam energy scan at the RHIC (BES-II) program, the outcome paves the path to understanding experimental data from upcoming experimental facilities focused on the high baryon density region.
[the_sdg_impact] => A better understanding of the properties of the high baryon density region is essential in facilitating future research related to particle physics. This is crucial as the advancement of particle physics will directly impact the expansion of nuclear physics and other closely connected fields. In extension, such enhancement of advanced physics research contributes to the realization of 9th UNSDG: Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure.
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41365-022-01006-0
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[publication_title] => Anisotropic flow in high baryon density region
[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => February 2022
[subject] => Engineering; Nuclear Physics; Nuclear Technology; Applied Physics
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[post_date] => 2022-05-23 12:42:56
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[post_title] => Improving Energy Production from the Digestion Process of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME)
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[researchers_position] => Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia
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[researchers_name_2] => MOHAMED, Hasnain Isa
[researchers_position_2] => Civil Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Brunei
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[research_footprints] => Anaerobic digestion; Biogas; Palm oil mill effluent; Mesophilic temperature; Ultrasound
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[the_novelty] => The novelty of this research is observed in its contribution in enhancing the energy (biogas) production in the standard waste treatment of POME, highly polluted wastewater, through the ultrasonication pre-treatment. The standard waste treatment of POME involves the anaerobic digestion process that produces energy (biogas) as its main outcome. By incorporating the proposed pre-treatment method, the researchers found that POME particle size reduced while its organic surface matter increased for microbial degradation. Additionally, the metabolic activity of anaerobes involved in the digestion process is also reported to increase. These findings conclude that the ultrasonication pre-treatment is promisingly effective as it enhances anaerobic digestion and increases biogas production rates at 30 oC to 35oC. Therefore, this research not only enhances energy production from waste materials but also improves the standard waste treatment method, facilitating multiple stakeholders in strategizing the promotion and practice of generating energy from waste more effectively in the future.
[the_background] => To reduce dependence on fossil fuels, renewable energy sources are effective alternatives in overcoming this issue. While there are various forms of renewable energy, an upcoming clean and promising renewable energy is biogas obtained from the anaerobic digestion process. This same process is used to treat POME, making POME a high potential renewable energy source in Malaysia since it is one of the country’s primary commodities. The standard treatment of POME is also lower when compared to other alternatives, prompting a large amount of work focusing on the use of POME as a cheap source for biogas production. However, limited attention has been paid to enhancing the biogas production process itself, motivating the researchers to fill this gap by investigating the use of ultrasound as pre-treatment and identifying the optimum temperature range – an important parameter in the digestion process.
[the_sdg_impact] => The economy of a region is largely dependent on its energy reservoir, where fossil fuels remain the main source of energy. However, Shell International predicts that by 2050, 30% of global primary energy consumption will consist of renewable energy. Thus, the use of renewable energy is a future imperative, requiring relevant parties to ensure the production efficiency of these resources. In improving the conversion process of waste to energy, this research proposes a valuable, sustainable strategy, closely aligning with UNSDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy. Centering on POME, a source of modern energy, this research further enables clean and efficient energy usage.
[article_url] => https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969720313450?via%3Dihub
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[publication_title] => Improved anaerobic digestion of palm oil mill effluent and biogas production by ultrasonication pretreatment
[journal_title] => Science of The Total Environment
[publisher] => Elsevier
[year] => June 2020
[subject] => Environmental Engineering; Biogas
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[post_date] => 2022-05-23 12:31:49
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[post_title] => Improving the Generation of Solar Power through the Optimisation of Solar Farm Layout
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[researchers_name_2] => CHONG, Kok Keong
[researchers_position_2] => Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Malaysia
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[research_footprints] => concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) system; solar power; computational algorithm; solar power plants; electricity
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[the_novelty] => When it comes to solar power, the conventional generating system has evolved to include an increasingly popular alternative, the concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) system, as it is highly efficient in converting power (46%). CPV systems require an appropriate layout design that involves massive land utilization, thereby increasing the cost to function optimally. These consequences must be reduced if solar energy is to be implemented and adopted worldwide. Therefore, this study attempt to mitigate these consequences by developing a computational algorithm in the MATLAB platform capable of precisely estimating and optimizing the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of a CPV field layout using local meteorological data. As a result, the proposed computational method can facilitate various stakeholders such as researchers and engineers to reduce the cost of implementing optimal layout design for CPV, simultaneously increasing the efficiency of generating solar power. Unlike previous works, this study also accounts for various factors that can potentially influence energy generation and cost (e.g., land cost, local meteorological data, geographical location, the land aspect ratio of CPV farms, etc.)
[the_background] => Effective space allocations in solar farms are crucial since inappropriate space design of concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) systems can cause optical losses due to the shadowing between adjacent CPV systems. Thus, capable of leading to the deterioration of the overall electrical generation of solar power plants (SPP). Such an issue can be overcome by increasing the separation distance between the adjacent CPV systems, implying a possible increase in land-related costs due to ineffective land use. Therefore, this study focused on optimizing the layout design optimization in the SPP to attain the best trade-off between land usage and energy generation using a computational algorithm.
[the_sdg_impact] => According to the US government agency, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, the US solar power capacity has grown to an estimated 97.2 gigawatts (GW). The International Energy Agency also projects solar energy to provide 4% of the total global electricity demand by 2023. Hence, the growing popularity of solar energy calls to attention the need for effectively designed SPP layouts to cater to this demand. This research simultaneously demonstrates its impact on UNSDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy in contributing to this solution. It enables the accessibility and affordability of solar power by reducing costs incurred during solar power installations. Furthermore, this research potentially improves solar power generation, thereby increasing the use of renewable energy and improving global energy efficiency.
[article_url] => https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0038092X20305181?via%3Dihub
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[publication_title] => Optimization study of solar farm layout for concentrator photovoltaic system on azimuth-elevation sun-tracker
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[publisher] => Elsevier
[year] => July 2020
[subject] => Environmental Engineering; Solar Power
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[post_title] => Solving Deep Learning’s Overfitting via Batch Contrastive Regularization
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[researchers_name] => TAN, Hung Khoon
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[research_footprints] => Batch contrastive loss; batch regularization; center-level contrastive loss; sample-level contrastive loss; multicenter loss; neural network
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/access-gagraphic-3110286.jpg
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[the_novelty] => This study proposed a new regularization technique known as batch contrastive regularization to address the overfitting issues in deep neural networks. When the system additionally learns to compare the similarity between similar images and dissimilarity between two unrelated images, it performs better on unseen samples, not only on training samples. The three contrastive losses involved in improving the generalization performance were centroid contrastive loss, sample contrastive loss, and multicenter loss. The two-headed network could speed up multi-task learning by having one head for classification and the other for regularization. Evaluation using the CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100 datasets showed over 11% improvement for ResNet50 on CIFAR-100.
[the_background] => Overfitting happens whereby a system performs very well on the training set but poorly when deployed. Deeper neural networks have more parameters and would be overfitting, especially when training samples are insufficient. Previously, regularization techniques failed to enrich the model because the cross-sample information was not considered. Meanwhile, although contrastive-based regularization is promising, several limitations were identified. For the first time, an in-depth study was conducted to understand batch loss regularization for general classification tasks.
[the_sdg_impact] => Deep learning is a disruptive technology that revolutionizes many industries. It is estimated to improve 82% of the outcome metric of SDG, including manufacturing (SDG9), climate action (SDG13), and sustainable city (SDG11). There is a need to improve the way deep learning models are trained to build more effective DL systems.
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[publication_title] => Regularization of Deep Neural Network With Batch Contrastive Loss
[journal_title] => IEEE Access
[publisher] => IEEE Explore
[year] => September 2021
[subject] => Computer Science; Information Technology
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[post_date] => 2022-05-23 11:55:31
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[post_title] => Boosting Well-Being via Creativity
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[researchers_name] => TAN, Chee Seng
[researchers_position] => Department of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Arts and Social Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia
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[researchers_position_2] => Department of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Arts and Social Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia
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[research_footprints] => creativity; employees; experiment; priming; subjective well-being
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This research reported the beneficial effect of creativity on subjective well-being in two studies. The first study showed that undergraduate students and working adults with higher creativity had self-reported a higher level of well-being. Then, a subsequent study was conducted to further study the causal relationship between creativity and well-being. The second study indicated that participants who recalled their past creative achievement showed a higher level of well-being. Based on the proven bidirectional relationship between creativity and well-being, future research should consider the significance of a reciprocal relationship between two constructs.
[the_background] => Although well-being is known to promote creativity, there are insufficient in-depth studies on the effect of creativity on well-being. Meanwhile, subjective well-being focuses on both positive and negative aspects of life as well as satisfaction with life. It is different from proxies, like happiness, psychological/emotional well-being, which focuses on the positive dimension. Also, creativity is being perceived differently due to cultural differences, especially between the East and West. This study examined the positive effect of creativity on subjective well-being in the Malaysian context to address those differences.
[the_sdg_impact] => Subjective well-being is useful in appraising the well-being of populations. Meanwhile, there has been increasing acknowledgment of mental health's important role in achieving global development goals. In order to fulfill UNSDG 3 (Good health and well-being)'s vision of improving physical and psychological wellness, this study demonstrates that creativity is a promising factor to enhance well-being among young adults and working adults.
[article_url] => https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/14/7244
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147244
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[publication_title] => Being Creative Makes You Happier: The Positive Effect of Creativity on Subjective Well-Being
[journal_title] => International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
[publisher] => MDPI
[year] => July 2021
[subject] => Psychology and Counselling; Social Science
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[post_date] => 2022-05-23 11:39:43
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[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Derivation of Operational Status from Retrofitted Sensor
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[researchers_name] => OOI, Boon Yaik
[researchers_position] => Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia
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[research_footprints] => Industry 4.0; Internet of Things (IoT) for manufacturing; legacy machine monitoring; vibration analysis
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
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[the_novelty] => This study developed an approach to automatically track and distinguish various operation statuses of legacy manufacturing machines by analyzing the vibration data collected from a retrofitted wireless vibration sensor. To test its feasibility, the parameter-free Internet-of-Things (IoT) approach was deployed on a 3-speed industrial exhaust fan in a limestone processing factory. The operation status was successfully tracked with average accuracy and standard uncertainty of 98.6% and 1.06%, respectively. This promising approach could be applied to other factories, such as palm oil refineries and concrete plants.
[the_background] => While riding the wave of Industrial Revolution (IR) 4.0, data plays a crucial role in decision-making in every business sector. However, many small and medium enterprises (SME) factories still use manufacturing machines without any computing function, let alone internet connectivity. This implies that access to operational data is limited and painstaking. To help these SMEs catch up with the IR 4.0, this study designed an end-to-end wireless IoT and parameter-free approach to capture and analyze vibration data, which outputs critical operational status. By having these data, stakeholders of the business will have a clear understanding of their machines' productivity to make better business decisions.
[the_sdg_impact] => In manufacturing, big data can include data collected at every production stage, including data from machines, devices, and operators. The data serves as a reliable guide for business planning and strategy with proper analysis and interpretation. Besides getting prepared for IR 4.0, the sensor retrofitting solution developed by this study also helps SMEs attain better operation visibility (UNSDG 9: Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure).
[article_url] => https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9093061
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2020.2994395
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[publication_title] => A Parameter-Free Vibration Analysis Solution for Legacy Manufacturing Machines’ Operation Tracking
[journal_title] => IEEE Internet of Things Journal
[publisher] => IEEE Explore
[year] => May 2020
[subject] => Computer Science; Information Technology
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[post_date] => 2022-05-23 11:05:25
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[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Factors that Influence Switching Intention from Cash to Mobile Payment
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[post_name] => factors-that-influence-switching-intention-from-cash-to-mobile-payment
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[researchers_name] => LEE, Voon-Hsien
[researchers_position] => Department of Marketing, Faculty of Business and Finance, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia
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[researchers_name_2] => LOH, Xiu Ming
[researchers_position_2] => Department of Marketing, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia
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[research_footprints] => Mobile Payment; Switching Intention; Push-pull-mooring; Status quo bias; Mobile Commerce
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study determined the factors that play vital roles in the consumers' decision-making to transition from cash to m-payment. This was done via a uniquely developed conceptual model that incorporated the push-pull-mooring (PPM) framework with the perspective of status quo bias (SQB). The studied parameters were monetary value, alternative attractiveness, trust, perceived security and privacy, switching costs, traditional payment habit, and inertia. Results suggest all but two of the developed hypotheses were statically supported. This could be because most respondents do not use mobile payments daily. Thus, the cumulative financial savings would be difficult to be noticed by mobile payment users in such a situation. In conclusion, with the increase in mobile payment adoption and decrease in cash usage, cash costs can be decreased. These costs include the printing, storing, and distributing cash spent by the banks and government. These savings can provide the government with excess funds, which can be diverted to develop other sectors of the country's economy.
[the_background] => The Malaysian government has consistently promoted mobile payment adoption due to its numerous benefits and advantages, including enhancing customers' checkout experience. However, consumers in Malaysia still find it more comfortable using cash to make payments for goods and services despite initiatives to shift Malaysia into a cashless society. Apparently, cash is still king among the payment methods available despite the urge from authorities. Hence, this study looks into the factors influencing switching intention from cash to mobile payment.
[the_sdg_impact] => In Malaysia, there is a solid foundation for m-payment to thrive as the number of mobile connections in terms of the total population is at 125% (We Are Social, 2019). In fact, the Central Bank of Malaysia has been trying to accelerate the promotion of m-payment adoption as it recognizes the numerous benefits of m-payment (Bank Negara Malaysia, 2018). However, consumers have a certain level of hesitancy concerning these initiatives. Therefore, the outcome of this study contributes to SDG9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure as it explores means to understand consumer behavior and willingness to adapt to the shifting payment method initiatives.
[article_url] => https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/INTR-04-2020-0175/full/html
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1108/INTR-04-2020-0175
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[publication_title] => Switching from cash to mobile payment: what's the hold-up?
[journal_title] => Internet Research
[publisher] => Emerald Publishing
[year] => February 2021
[subject] => Business; Marketing
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[post_date] => 2022-05-23 10:50:40
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[post_content] =>
[post_title] => New Path-Finding Strategy to Design Smarter Drones
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[researchers_name] => TAN, Lyk Yin
[researchers_position] => "Faculty of Information and Communication Technology Department of Computer and Communication Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia
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[researchers_name_2] => GOH, Hock Guan
[researchers_position_2] => "Faculty of Information and Communication Technology Department of Computer and Communication Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia
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[original_article_reference] =>
[research_footprints] => Wireless network; mobile sink; efficient path; data collection
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study introduced a new path-finding strategy, known as Energy-efficiency Path-finding Strategy (EPS) in the Air-Ground Collaborative Wireless Sensor Network (AGCWSN), which could potentially enhance the efficiency of data collection for drones. Two phases were involved in this study, i.e., intermediate point selection phase and path selection phase. The intermediate points among the group sensor nodes allowed the drone to collect data rapidly (reduced flight distance). Generic Algorithm (GA) shortened the flight path generation time in the path selection phase. It archived the pre-set condition (e.g., maximized data collection and returned to the base station before its power was drained out). Compared to other existing data collection strategies, EPS achieved lower data delivery delay and better utilization of the mobile sink’s battery capacity, as simulations showed. These two major advantages could compensate for its higher packet loss percentage. By implementing this improvement, data collection efficiency in flight path generation and energy consumption for drones can be significantly enhanced.
[the_background] => Drones are being deployed into different industries to improve productivity and efficiency. For example, Amazon deploys drones in their delivery system to shorten the last-mile delivery process, while drones in sustainable agriculture can reduce the data collection delays. However, one of the main drawbacks is the limited battery capacity of the drone during its flight. In this study, the data collection process of a drone in agriculture will be further improved by optimizing the energy usage of the drones and by shortening the flight trajectory taken by the drones. Despite having several reported approaches which shortened the delays, the flight trajectory taken by the mobile sink has not been addressed yet. Thus, this study proposed a new path-finding strategy to overcome that.
[the_sdg_impact] => As industrialization advances rapidly, drones play essential roles in maximizing productivity. Their potential has been proven especially in goods delivery and sustainable agricultural activities. The solutions proposed by this research can boost the productivity and operating duration of drones. Therefore, it contributes to the materialization of UNSDG 9’s target, i.e., build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization, and foster innovation.
[article_url] => https://www.techscience.com/cmc/v67n3/41619
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2021.015402
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[publication_title] => An Energy-Efficient Mobile-Sink Path-Finding Strategy for UAV WSNs
[journal_title] => Computers, Materials, & Continua
[publisher] => Tech Science Press
[year] => March 2021
[subject] => Information and Communication Technology; Drones
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[post_date] => 2022-05-23 10:40:17
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[post_title] => Transport EKC Analysis with Corruption as an Impacting Variable from 1990-2017 in Malaysia
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[researchers_name] => GO, You How
[researchers_position] => Department of Economics, Faculty of Business and Finance, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia
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[researchers_position_2] => Department of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Attar Institute of Higher Education, Iran
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[research_footprints] => Environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis; Carbon dioxide emissions; Transport sector; Corruption; Malaysia
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study intends to analyze the association between transport carbon dioxide (CO2) emission and corruption practice and validate the Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis in the Malaysian context. This study adopted fully modified ordinary least squares, canonical cointegrating regression, and dynamic ordinary least squares in performing long-run estimations to test the EKC hypothesis on the role of corruption on transport CO2 emission from 1990 to 2017 in the country. The retrospective study showed that transport CO2 emission increases directly proportionally to corruption, demonstrating environmental degradation that corruption causes. The research also identified that the EKC hypothesis does not apply in Malaysia, suggesting that the country has yet to attain the level of economic growth required to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The outcome of this study will be a significant tool for developing effective government policies to reduce transport CO2 emission with proper governance of the sector.
[the_background] => The transport sector is one of the major contributors to global CO2 emission, accounting for 24% of the total. In Malaysia, road transport contributes to 85.2% of the total transport emission. The local transport industry is largely intertwined with the government predisposing it to undesirable corruption practices, contributing to harmful environmental policies and misallocation of environmental resources. The outcome of this study showed such practices provide the precarious impact on the environment. If corruption is left uncontrolled, it will lead to a more harmful outcome in the long run. The study also made aware that Malaysia is far from attaining economic growth that can support CO2 emission mitigation due to the lack of advanced technology and widespread corruption in the transport sector. Hence, sustainable long-term efforts are needed to mitigate CO2 emissions from the transport industry. The efforts will include introducing stringent anti-corruption policies and laws, enhancing research and development in the transportation sector, and implementing the latest environmental-friendly technologies to reduce GHG emissions. This study is the first in the country to explore the impacts of transport EKC locally with corruption as an impacting factor, which has proven the importance of better governance on this matter.
[the_sdg_impact] => This study resonates very well with the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goal (UNSDG) 13: Climate Action. The specific target involved under the UNSDG is Target 13.2: Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies, and planning. Despite the study being conducted locally, the intention is applicable globally, given that climate change is an issue that is getting more attention on the global pedestal by day. The atmospheric concentrations of the major GHG continue to increase worldwide. To limit global warming to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels following Paris Agreement, the world would need to attain net-zero carbon dioxide emissions by 2050. Locally, Malaysia's intention to cut GHG emissions by 45% by 2030 can only be achieved if the government develops a sustainable transport policy that optimally controls the traffic rate, enhances environmental performances, and creates public awareness on the impact of transport emission on the environment. Hence, this study is a wake-up call to the authorized agencies and public to do the needful to cut down GHG emissions in general to save the planet that has been home and provided us with everything.
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-020-10736-w
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[publication_title] => A transport environmental Kuznets curve analysis for Malaysia: exploring the role of corruption
[journal_title] => Environmental Science and Pollution Research
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => September 2020
[subject] => Economics; Environmental; Finance
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[post_title] => The Intention to Adopt Solar Technology among Malaysian Consumers: Of Knowledge and Price Value
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[research_footprints] => Residential solar photovoltaic; Knowledge transmission; Price value; Sustainability; Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT); Social influence; Facilitating conditions
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => Using one of the most established technology adoption theories, UTAUT (Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology), this research examines the behavioral intention of potential consumers' in adopting solar power technology. From a social influence perspective, the researchers discovered that cost perception has a more significant positive effect than knowledge. Social influence is also revealed to have a more substantial effect on consumers' behavioral intention than other conditions supporting innovation. However, these conditions positively mediate the relationship between social influence and behavioral intention. This research provides valuable insights into consumers' perspectives on renewable solar energy, which is limited since previous studies do not specifically address the solar energy context. These insights guide multiple stakeholders such as the Malaysian government and relevant commercial suppliers on successfully promoting the use of solar energy. Some strategies highlighted by the researchers include providing financial support and sufficient information to potential consumers as well as creating favorable impressions of technology use. Additionally, this research also prompts the need for effective policies that cater to the needs of large corporations and small households, encouraging the use of renewable technology in Malaysia by allowing stakeholders at every level to contribute to the nation's sustainability plan.
[the_background] => The increase in global population and economic development has also contributed to the significant boom in electrical consumption worldwide. While non-renewable energy sources are still expected to constitute 77% of the energy consumption in 2040, renewable energy has been gaining fast traction recently, with solar power being one of the most popular sources. However, the adoption rate for solar photovoltaic technology among households remains low, prompting the researchers to focus on the reasons that influence Malaysian consumers' intention to adopt solar energy. The research accounts for the consumers' perspective and examines the influence of the price and knowledge dimensions on consumers' intention to use solar energy.
[the_sdg_impact] => Globally, fossil fuels (e.g., coal and oil) account for 70% of the increasing demand for energy (International Energy Agency, 2017), while in Malaysia, fossil fuels generate 90.6% of the nation's total electricity. This situation calls for the successful implementation of solar energy as an alternative energy source since it is considered one of the most viable forms of renewable energy. In terms of global sustainability, this research contributes to the achievement of UNSDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy. By focusing on consumers' views on cost and information sharing on solar power, this research provides stakeholders with insights for future strategies to promote access to solar power's affordable and reliable use. These insights can also reduce the dependency on fossil fuels to ensure energy efficiency and a balanced global energy mix. Additionally, the impact of this research is also observed in relation to UNSDG13: Climate Action, where it improves the overall awareness of climate change mitigation.
[article_url] => https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0301421520303827?via%3Dihub
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Adopting-3.jpg
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111651
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[publication_title] => Investigating nonusers’ behavioural intention towards solar photovoltaic technology in Malaysia: The role of knowledge transmission and price value
[journal_title] => Energy Policy
[publisher] => Elsevier
[year] => September 2020
[subject] => Business and Public Administration; Solar Energy
)
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[post_date] => 2022-05-22 14:42:33
[post_date_gmt] => 2022-05-22 06:42:33
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Extraordinary Solar Energy Conversion & Heat Storage by Phase Change Material
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[researchers_name] => MUNUSAMY, Yamuna
[researchers_position] => Department of Petrochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/nophoto.png
[researchers_profile] => https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yamuna-Manusamy
[researchers_second_profile] => https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9123-7705
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[researchers_info_2] => Array
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[researchers_name_2] => ONG, Kok Seng
[researchers_position_2] => Department of Industrial Engineering, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia
[researchers_photo_2] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/nophoto.png
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[original_article_reference] =>
[research_footprints] => Phase change material; Composite materials; Thermal properties; Energy storage; Conversion; Coating
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => Unlike previous phase change material (PCM), which could only store heat, this study fabricated a PCM capable of solar energy conversion and heat storage. The visible light-harvesting PCM could absorb an enormous amount of heat and store the heat in the form of latent heat. As a result, only a smaller tank is required and eliminates solar collectors' usage. The fabrication involved dip-coating myristic acid (MA) tablets into layers of polymer coating solution with reduced graphene oxide (RGO). The highest heat storage, solar energy conversion, and storage efficiency (21%) were achieved by the light absorptive polymeric form-stable composite phase change tablet (RGO-PARB/MA) when loaded with 1.5 wt% RGO. The 1.5 wt% RGO-PARB/MA recorded up to 1,000 thermal cycles with less than 2% change in thermal properties. The new PCM can be further optimized to enhance the efficiency of existing solar heating systems.
[the_background] => The current solar water heater system uses sensible heat storage that involves a large mass of water. Since most roofs are not meant to support such load, the storage has to be built on the ground instead. This setup will, in turn, require a circulation system which ends up lowering the energy-saving efficiency. Meanwhile, PCM is suitable for thermal energy storage in solar heating systems due to its high thermal storage density and minimal temperature variation. Despite various studies focusing on improving the light absorption of PCM via the addition of light absorptive materials, there was no quantitative measurement conducted to derive the solar energy conversion and storage efficiency. Hence, besides fabricating a PCM loaded with reduced graphene oxide (RGO), this study also built a new in-house experimental setup to carry out the crucial quantitative characterizations.
[the_sdg_impact] => Renewable energy is essential to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases and to overcome pollution. This implies the urgent need for a superior energy storage system. The PCM developed in this research could set new benchmarks for solar water heater systems, benefitting both the environment and its consumers. Therefore, it aligns with the targets of UNSDG 7: Affordable & Clean Energy.
[article_url] => https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S135943111931453X?via%3Dihub
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Solar-.jpg
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.114673
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(
[publication_title] => Light absorptive polymeric form-stable composite phase change material for thermal storage
[journal_title] => Applied Thermal Engineering
[publisher] => Elsevier
[year] => May 2020
[subject] => Petrochemical Engineering; Engineering and Green Technology
)
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[post_date] => 2022-05-22 14:27:25
[post_date_gmt] => 2022-05-22 06:27:25
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Seaweed-Probiotic Blend to Increase Survival Rate of Shrimp
[post_excerpt] =>
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[researchers_name] => WONG, Wey Lim
[researchers_position] => Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Shrimp.png
[researchers_profile] => https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Wey-Lim-Wong
[researchers_second_profile] => "https://orcid.org/ 0000-0002-2722-3517"
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[researchers_name_2] => LOO, Keat Wei
[researchers_position_2] => Department of Biological Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia
[researchers_photo_2] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/nophoto.png
[researchers_profile_2] => https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Loo-Keat-Wei
[researchers_second_profile_2] => "https://orcid.org/ 0000-0003-1853-0352"
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[original_article_reference] =>
[research_footprints] => Antimicrobial; Early mortality syndrome; Probiotic; Seaweed; Shrimp; Synergistic
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study disclosed a shrimp feed formulation, a seaweed-probiotic blend, which could help shrimps resist acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND). The seaweed-probiotic blend was a combination of Bacillus species and the red seaweed, Gracilaria sp. Through in vitro studies, the seaweed-probiotic blend exhibited a synergistic antimicrobial effect against the AHPND-causing V. parahaemolyticus strain. Consistent in vivo results were obtained whereby shrimps fed with the blend were able to survive under the presence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain. This environmentally-friendly shrimp feed showed promising potential as an alternative to the antibiotics used in shrimp cultivation.
[the_background] => The whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is a well-known cultured shrimp. However, shrimp production was greatly reduced when AHPND caused mass mortality in the shrimp culture. Although antibiotics and probiotics are commonly used in controlling this bacterial shrimp disease, excessive use of antibiotics could adversely affect human health and environment. In developing natural alternatives to replace antibiotics, probiotics are known to be a suitable candidate. On the downside, the probiotics used are generally not of shrimp origin and, thus, reduce the efficiency of the probiotics in protecting the shrimps from pathogen infection. Meanwhile, the red seaweed, Gracilaria is a popular feed additive in Asia owing to its antibacterial effect. To have the best of both, this study investigated the antimicrobial effect of the combination of probiotics and seaweed against AHPND-causing V. parahaemolyticus. This combination has been shown to increase the survival of shrimp when the pathogens are introduced in the laboratory culture.
[the_sdg_impact] => Seafood prices keep soaring due to the increasing consumer demand. Reducing shrimp mortality due to bacterial diseases can improve shrimp supply in the market and, hence, provide high-quality and safe proteins to people. By proposing a sustainable method to lower shrimp mortality, this study contributes to the realization of UNSDG 2: Zero Hunger.
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12602-019-09616-8
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/shrimp5.jpg
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-019-09616-8
[original_article_reference_fields] => Array
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[publication_title] => Synergistic Antimicrobial Effect of a Seaweed-Probiotic Blend Against Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND)-Causing Vibrio parahaemolyticus
[journal_title] => Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => November 2019
[subject] => Biological Science; Probiotics
)
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[101] => WP_Post Object
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[ID] => 33084
[post_author] => 154
[post_date] => 2022-05-22 14:12:16
[post_date_gmt] => 2022-05-22 06:12:16
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Jackfruit’s Peptide JFS-2 – A Promising Antioxidant
[post_excerpt] =>
[post_status] => publish
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[post_name] => jackfruits-peptide-jfs-2-a-promising-antioxidant
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[researchers_name] => WONG, Fai Chu
[researchers_position] => Department of Chemical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Jackfruit.png
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[original_article_reference] =>
[research_footprints] => Arginine; Artocarpus heterophyllus; Antioxidant peptide; Diet supplement; Electrostatic interaction; Hydrogen bond; Hydrophobicity; Synergistic
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study has successfully identified two antioxidant peptide sequences from jackfruit seeds. Both peptides, JFS-1 and JFS-2, exhibited protein protection potentials, whereas only Peptide JFS-2 displayed antioxidant activity. The antioxidant properties of Peptide JFS-2 were further investigated against different pH, temperature, and gastrointestinal digestion. Results indicated that Peptide JFS-2 was a suitable candidate to be used as a food preservative agent. Future studies on the peptides may map their antioxidant properties to a wider range of industrial applications.
[the_background] => Jackfruit seeds contain higher protein contents compared to the pulp. However, the antioxidant peptides derived from jackfruit seeds have yet to be identified. On the other hand, bioactivities were observed in protein hydrolysates and bioactive peptides derived from natural sources. Therefore, this study attempted to identify and examine the bioactive peptides extracted from jackfruit seeds. Results indicated that the peptides were potential antioxidants. These findings paved the path for future studies exploring stronger natural antioxidants.
[the_sdg_impact] => Studies have shown that various serious diseases (e.g., cancers) could be prevented by having a diet rich in antioxidants, primarily provided by fruits and vegetables. Furthermore, such a diet is unlikely to cause any severe side effects. By highlighting the possibilities and feasible ways to benefit from antioxidants in fruits, this study well aligns with UNSDG 3: Good health & well-being.
[article_url] => https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0308814620317386?via%3Dihub
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Jackfruit-3.jpg
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127876
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[publication_title] => Identification of antioxidant peptides derived from tropical jackfruit seed and investigation of the stability profiles
[journal_title] => Food Chemistry
[publisher] => Elsevier
[year] => March 2021
[subject] => Chemical Science; Food Science
)
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[post_date] => 2022-05-22 13:55:45
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[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Highly-Potential Anti-Chikungunya Virus Agents
[post_excerpt] =>
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[post_name] => highly-potential-anti-chikungunya-virus-agents
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[researchers_name] => SIT, Nam Weng
[researchers_position] => Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Chikungunya.png
[researchers_profile] => https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sit-Nw
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[researchers_name_2] => CHAN, Sze Mun
[researchers_position_2] => Department of Allied Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia
[researchers_photo_2] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Chikungunya-2.png
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[original_article_reference] =>
[research_footprints] => sequential solvent extraction; cytotoxicity; real-time RT-PCR; Vero cell; viral load; chikungunya; alphavirus; antiviral
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => The study identified several extracts from 8 plants with strong antiviral activity and different action modes against the Chikungunya virus. These include preventing virus entry, reducing or killing virus propagation, or even preventing further spread of the virus in the host. The modes of action were predicated by plant species and type of extractant. Infected African monkey kidney epithelial cells were used to conduct in vitro studies by applying concurrent and non-concurrent sample introduction modes. In the concurrent mode, it was observed that more extracts exhibited strong antiviral activity. Future studies should focus on the isolation of bioactive compounds as well as the mode of action.
[the_background] => Chikungunya virus spreads through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes. Despite being present in 114 countries and territories, there is still no effective remedy to fight the Chikungunya virus. Medicinal plants are valuable for their phytochemicals. Furthermore, they are well-known for their antiviral activities, which could tackle diseases including influenza, human immunodeficiency, and dengue virus. To address the urgent need for anti-chikungunya virus agents, this study aims to evaluate 132 extracts from 21 species of medicinal plants (from Malaysia) for antiviral activity against the Chikungunya virus. These findings implied that the full potential of medicinal plants has yet to be unveiled.
[the_sdg_impact] => Chikungunya virus was first described in the 1950s, but no licensed vaccine or specific drug has been developed to overcome the virus. Hence, there is no vaccine or specific antiviral treatment available to date. The output of this research serves as significant progress to meet the demand. Such an attempt to combat infectious diseases aligns well with the targets of UNSDG 3: Good health & well-being.
[article_url] => https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/8/1658
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Chikungunya-4.jpg
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10081658
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[publication_title] => Mode-Dependent Antiviral Activity of Medicinal Plant Extracts against the Mosquito-Borne Chikungunya Virus
[journal_title] => Plants
[publisher] => MDPI
[year] => August 2021
[subject] => Allied Health Sciences; Medicine; Chikungunya Virus
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[post_date] => 2022-05-22 13:45:52
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[post_title] => Nanocomposite Photocatalyst with Dual-Action in Water Sanitation
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[researchers_name] => SIN, Jin Chung
[researchers_position] => Department of Petrochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Nanocomposite.png
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[researchers_name_2] => LAM, Sze Mun
[researchers_position_2] => Department of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia
[researchers_photo_2] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Nanocomposite-2.png
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[original_article_reference] =>
[research_footprints] => N-doped BiOBr; NiFe2O4Z-scheme; Photocatalytic degradation; Cr(VI) reduction
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/1-s2.0-S0169433221010424-ga1.jpg
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study has successfully synthesized Z-scheme N-BiOBr/NiFe2O4 nanocomposites which acted as photocatalysts under visible light. The highest photocatalytic activity was achieved when the nanocomposite contained 15%wt of NiFe2O4. Upon 60-min irradiation, the N-BiOBr/ NiFe2O4-15 nanocomposite removed 95.9% phenol and 100% Cr(VI). Besides being magnetically separable, the nanocomposite photocatalyst could be reused up to five successive runs without compromising its catalytic efficiency. These results indicated that N-BiOBr/ NiFe2O4-15 is a new promising catalyst for environmental and energy applications.
[the_background] => Water pollution has been an alarming side-effect owing to rapid development and industrialization. The pollutants mainly comprise organic compounds and heavy metals. Past studies show that BiOBr semiconductor is a potential photocatalyst whereby its response range could be improved via nonmetallic species doping. Meanwhile, NiFe2O4 ferrite is a popular photocatalyst for which its photocatalytic efficiency can be enhanced via coupling with semiconductor materials to form Z-scheme heterojunction. Since there is no existing literature from the past that has focused on the coupling of NiFe2O4 with N-BiOBr, this study aimed to synthesize N-BiOBr/ NiFe2O4 nanocomposite and explore its potential in removing organic pollutants and heavy metals. This serves as a good reference for future studies related to advanced photocatalysis technology for environmental and energy applications.
[the_sdg_impact] => WHO foresees that, by 2025, half of the world’s population will be living in water-stressed areas. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to develop new technologies to facilitate water sanitation and ensure a sustainable supply of clean water, which is also a source of affordable and clean energy. With the newly developed photocatalyst, this study contributes to improving water quality via pollution reduction (UNSDG 6: Clean Water & Sanitation).
[article_url] => https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0169433221010424?via%3Dihub
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.149966
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[publication_title] => Magnetic NiFe2O4 nanoparticles decorated on N-doped BiOBr nanosheets for expeditious visible light photocatalytic phenol degradation and hexavalent chromium reduction via a Z-scheme heterojunction mechanism
[journal_title] => Applied Surface Science
[publisher] => Elsevier
[year] => September 2021
[subject] => Petrochemical Engineering; Engineering and Green Technology
)
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[post_date] => 2022-05-22 13:11:29
[post_date_gmt] => 2022-05-22 05:11:29
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[post_title] => Superior Antibacterial Potential of Stingless Bee Honey
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[researchers_name] => NG, Wen Jie
[researchers_position] => Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Medicinal.png
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[researchers_name_2] => SIT, Nam Weng
[researchers_position_2] => Department of Allied Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia
[researchers_photo_2] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/nophoto.png
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[original_article_reference] =>
[research_footprints] => blossom honey; honeydew; Apis cerana; Geniotrigona; Heterotrigona; agar-well diffusion; bactericidal; endotoxin; synergistic; antibiotic resistant
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study demonstrated the extraordinary antibacterial effect of honeydew honey produced by Heterotrigona itama stingless bee. The honeydew honey exhibited antibacterial activity, including inhibitory and bactericidal effects against antibiotic-resistant strains, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, in in vitro studies. Such prominent antibacterial effect of stingless bee honeydew honey was due to the interactive actions of hyperosmolarity, acidity, hydrogen peroxide, and phytochemicals together in honey. Compared to honey bee honey, stingless bee honey showed a higher success rate in bacteria inhibition, which can be further enhanced when combined with antibiotics. Due to its superior antibacterial properties, H. itama stingless bee honey is a promising natural remedy for treating bacterial infections. Hence, this product can be considered and promoted as a potential wound dressing in the health care sector.
[the_background] => Past studies reported that the antibacterial effects of honeydew honey are more superior to that of blossom honey. However, to date, the antibacterial potential of honeydew honey produced by Heterotrigona itama stingless bees from Malaysia is still ambiguous. Furthermore, only two types of honey (i.e., manuka honey and Revamil honey) are approved for medicinal use to treat infections. Thus, this study aimed to determine the potential of H. itama stingless bee honeydew honey as an antibacterial agent. So far, the studies on Malaysian stingless bee honey, especially honeydew honey, are rather limited. Hence, this investigation is useful to provide information about the antibacterial properties of this honey.
[the_sdg_impact] => As bacteria keep evolving to resist antibiotics, WHO has identified a list of bacteria for which new antibiotics are urgently needed. Honey is well-known for being an effective natural antibacterial food. Apart from being a sweetener, findings show that H. itama stingless bee honeydew honey can be promoted as a health-promoting food. With this achievement, this study supports the research and development of medicines for communicable and non-communicable diseases (UNSDG 3: Good health & well-being).
[article_url] => https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/9/12/871
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Medicinal-3.jpg
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9120871
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[publication_title] => The Antibacterial Potential of Honeydew Honey Produced by Stingless Bee (Heterotrigona itama) against Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria
[journal_title] => Antibiotics
[publisher] => MDPI
[year] => December 2020
[subject] => Allied Health Sciences; Medicine
)
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[post_date] => 2022-05-22 13:01:55
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[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Effective Model for Financial Performance Assessment
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[researchers_name] => LAM, Weng Siew
[researchers_position] => Department of Physical and Mathematical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Model.png
[researchers_profile] => https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Weng-Siew-Lam
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[researchers_name_2] => LAM, Weng Hoe
[researchers_position_2] => Department of Physical and Mathematical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia
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[original_article_reference] =>
[research_footprints] => entropy; fuzzy VIKOR; multi-criteria decision making; financial ratio; research framework
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study introduced a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method, known as the integrated entropy–fuzzy VIKOR model, which was feasible in assessing the financial performance of construction companies. Using this model, ECONBHD was identified as the best construction company in Malaysia in terms of financial performance. Current ratio (CR), debt to equity ratio (DER), and debt to asset ratio (DAR) were the most significant financial ratios which determined the financial performance. With its proven effectiveness, the integrated entropy–fuzzy VIKOR model could be applied in other economic sectors and be extended to other MCDM problems, such as supplier selection.
[the_background] => The construction industry in Malaysia has been making significant contributions to the country’s economic growth. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused major disruption to most construction projects, which in turn affected the financial performance of construction firms. Therefore, during this period, precise financial performance evaluation is essential to help the construction companies make proper decisions. The VIKOR model has been commonly used in evaluating financial performance. Despite that, it has drawbacks, especially in setting decision criteria weight. To date, there is no study conducted to investigate the financial performance among construction companies by integrating entropy and fuzzy approaches into the VIKOR model. To address the gap, this research proposed an MCDM model, known as entropy–fuzzy VIKOR model, to evaluate and compare the financial performance of several construction companies.
[the_sdg_impact] => Uncertainties, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, are influential in decision-making processes that directly affect the performance of businesses. Considering such uncertainties, a multi-criteria decision-making method is needed to accurately evaluate the financial performance of companies. The integrated entropy–fuzzy VIKOR model has been proven to be feasible for such a purpose. Thus, this study achieves UNSDG 9: Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure through enhancing scientific research
[article_url] => https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/3/320
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.3390/e23030320
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[publication_title] => Performance Evaluation of Construction Companies Using Integrated Entropy–Fuzzy VIKOR Model
[journal_title] => Entropy
[publisher] => MDPI
[year] => March 2021
[subject] => Physical and Mathematical Science; Business
)
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[post_date] => 2022-05-22 12:31:28
[post_date_gmt] => 2022-05-22 04:31:28
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => G. Changii Seaweed in Counteracting BPA-induced Adverse Effects
[post_excerpt] =>
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[researchers_name] => KWONG, Phek Jin
[researchers_position] => Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Seaweed.png
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[researchers_name_2] => TAN, Gim Cheong
[researchers_position_2] => Department of Allied Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia
[researchers_photo_2] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Seaweed-2.png
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[research_footprints] => Red seaweed; Gracilaria changii; Antioxidant; Endocrine disruptor; Bisphenol A; Reproduction
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study discovered the ability of seaweed (Gracilaria changii) extract in protecting the reproductive system of mammals from the potential adverse effects of bisphenol A (BPA). Aqueous extraction of G. changii exhibited superior antioxidant properties, surpassing that of methanol and ethanol extraction approaches. Through in vivo studies using mice exposed to BPA, improved uterine development and chances of conceiving were among the remarkable findings reported. Future studies should focus on identifying the specific bioactive compounds from this aqueous extract of G. changii to further explore its mechanism of action in counteracting the BPA at the molecular level.
[the_background] => Gracilaria changii is a type of seaweed that is often used in food production. Besides being rich in nutrients crucial for human reproduction, G. changii is also known as a strong antioxidant. Meanwhile, plasticizer bisphenol A (BPA) was proven to cause oxidative damage to the human reproductive system and pregnancy. Hence, this study was conducted to investigate the potential of G. changii extract in mitigating BPA-induced adverse effects on female reproductive function. The potential of G. changii extract as a protection against BPA was proved. These results are valuable in overcoming conceiving problems associated with plasticizer toxicity.
[the_sdg_impact] => The global fertility rate has halved over the past 50 years (ourworldindata.org). This phenomenon is partially attributed to a hostile environment. By developing an effective solution to counter the negative effect, this study fulfills UNSDG 3.9 in substantially reducing the number of illnesses from hazardous chemicals.
[article_url] => https://www.apjtm.org/article.asp?issn=1995-7645;year=2021;volume=14;issue=1;spage=34;epage=43;aulast=Ng
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Seaweed-4.jpg
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.304299
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[publication_title] => Gracilaria changii (Rhodophyta) alleviates bisphenol A-induced adverse reproductive abnormalities in mice
[journal_title] => Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine
[publisher] => Hainan Medical University
[year] => January 2021
[subject] => Agricultural and Food Science
)
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[post_date] => 2022-05-19 19:57:12
[post_date_gmt] => 2022-05-19 11:57:12
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Family Perception & Life of Refugee Children in Malaysia
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[post_name] => family-perception-life-of-refugee-children-in-malaysia
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[researchers_name] => KHOR, Kheng Kia
[researchers_position] => Department of Advertising, Faculty of Arts and Social Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Refugee.png
[researchers_profile] => https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Khengkia-Khor-2
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[researchers_name_2] => KOK, Jin Kuan
[researchers_position_2] => Department of Psychology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia
[researchers_photo_2] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Refugee-2.png
[researchers_profile_2] => https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jin-Kuan-Kok
[researchers_second_profile_2] => https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2473-8862
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[original_article_reference] =>
[research_footprints] => refugee children; collage life-story elicitation technique (CLET); narrative approach; self-striving
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study reported how refugee children perceived their family lives and coped with life as a refugee in Malaysia. The Collage Life-Story Elicitation Technique (CLET) and a discovery-oriented narrative approach were applied to interview 25 refugee children in Kuala Lumpur. Emotionally, these children felt isolated, lonely, and powerless. To them, a family carried the significance of both vulnerability as well as a source of strength. Besides receiving help from enabling adults and teachers, their coping mechanisms included self-empowerment by being brave and independent. Future studies could explore further insights by engaging these interviewees through focus groups and providing them with better welfare.
[the_background] => Refugees in Malaysia are marginalized and have no legal rights or protection. Furthermore, the majority of the refugee children have no access to education and are vulnerable to behavioral problems, mental health problems, and substance abuse. Meanwhile, research that focuses on the experiences and perceptions and the coping mechanisms of refugee children in Malaysia is rare. Thus, to improve the well-being of refugee children, this study was designed to fill up the existing knowledge gap. The research outcome proves that CLET is a potential eco-systematic approach to act as a key to better understanding the perception and emotion of refugee children in the process of rendering help.
[the_sdg_impact] => Refugee children in Malaysia are often marginalized in society, making them vulnerable and requiring special assistance in meeting their educational needs, mental health care, and socio-emotional well-being. Despite their status, the government should pay attention to their well-being to ensure healthy and inclusive development of the country. By sharing crucial insights about refugee children, this study aligns with UNSDG 3: Good health & well-being.
[article_url] => https://nsuworks.nova.edu/tqr/vol26/iss12/13/
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2021.5114
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[publication_title] => Refugee Children in Malaysia: Perceptions of Family and Coping Mechanisms
[journal_title] => The Qualitative Report
[publisher] => Nova Southeastern University Institutional Repository NSUWorks
[year] => December 2021
[subject] => Social Science
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[post_date] => 2022-05-19 13:10:43
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[post_title] => Synthesis of Catalyst from Low-cost Biomass Waste Using 4-BDS Method
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[researchers_name] => LIM, Steven
[researchers_position] => Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Malaysia
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[researchers_name_2] => PANG, Yean Ling
[researchers_position_2] => Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Malaysia
[researchers_photo_2] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Biomass2.png
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[research_footprints] => Solid acid catalyst; Biodiesel; Oil palm empty fruit bunch; 4-benzenediazonium sulfonate; Palm fatty acid distillate
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study used biomass from oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) to produce a highly efficient solid acid catalyst for biodiesel production. Results proved that the activated carbon (AC) extracted from EFB, when sulfonated by 4-benzenediazonium sulfonate (4-BDS), provided the highest biodiesel yield when calcined at 200 oC. Under optimum esterification conditions of 7 hours and 20 wt.%, the proposed catalyst was able to churn out the highest biodiesel yield, 98.1%. Moreover, synthesizing such highly effective catalyst from low-cost biomass waste is an environmentally friendly solution. Potentially, the proposed technique would lower the production cost of biodiesel and, in the long run, reduce the energy cost in the country.
[the_background] => As fossil fuel reservoirs continue to deplete at an alarming rate, biodiesel is highly sorted after as an alternative energy source. Current biodiesel production is still relatively expensive compared to fossil fuels since existing biodiesel plants largely operate using ineffective catalysis technology with poor yield. To overcome these limitations, this study investigates the synthesis of a biomass-based heterogeneous acid catalyst. Ultimately, such an approach aims to be more cost-effective than the conventional methods and more environmentally friendly.
[the_sdg_impact] => In 2015, the bio-economy sector started to bloom with the production of second-generation biofuels finally achieving commercial scale. Following such progress, developing countries are faced with a new set of market opportunities and policy dilemmas to enhance their usage of biomass, which can be transformed into more valuable products. Coincidentally, in 2015, a set of 17 Sustainable Development Goals were announced by the United Nations addressing pressing issues of society, economy, and environment. The proposed biomass-based heterogeneous acid catalyst promises to expand existing low-efficient catalyst technology for supplying modern and sustainable energy services. At the same time, making the production of biodiesel more affordable with the environmentally friendly catalyst. (SDG 7: Affordable and clean energy)
[article_url] => https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304389419314864
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121532
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[publication_title] => Biodiesel synthesis from oil palm empty fruit bunch biochar derived heterogeneous solid catalyst using 4-benzenediazonium sulfonate
[journal_title] => Journal of Hazardous Materials
[publisher] => Elsevier
[year] => May 2020
[subject] => Chemical Engineering; Biomass; Biofuel
)
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[post_title] => Highly Accurate New AI-based Cancer Prediction and Classification Framework
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[researchers_name] => SEAH, Choon Sen
[researchers_position] => Faculty of Accountancy & Management, Department of International Business, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Malaysia
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[researchers_position_2] => Faculty of Computer Science & Information Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Malaysia
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[research_footprints] => Cancer classification; Microarray; Significant directed walk; Gene expression
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
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[the_novelty] => This study proposed a new computational framework for cancer prediction and classification called Significant Directed Walk (SDW). The framework was developed to refine the search direction and parameters in the existing directed random walk (DRW). This new genetic network allows the algorithm to study the nodes by comparing the gene expression value among the genes. Results showed that the SDW is able to perform better in terms of cancer prediction and classification sensitivity, with its accuracy reaching 95.03%. By adopting this proposed framework, the rate of early cancer detection can be improved significantly, in the long run, increasing the survival rate of the patients.
[the_background] => At present, the cancer prediction and classification tools are less accurate and sensitive and time-consuming as the screening process is not targeted. Moreover, the poor reference data pool limits the ability of the existing directed random walk (DRW) tool. Therefore, there is a demand for an improved DRW framework to identify more cancerous genes with higher accuracy in cancer classification of gene expression data. Hence, this study designs an improved and novel framework to identify the exact genes within the genome that might turn into cancer carriers through the gene expression value.
[the_sdg_impact] => According to WHO, cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for nearly 10 million deaths in 2020 alone. Early detection is among the most effective way to increase the survival rate of cancer patients. Thus, there is a dire need for technology upgrades and machine learning to shorten the time taken to screen for cancer markers, detection, and classification. This study addresses these needs and, upon implementation, would contribute to the long-term reduction of the premature mortality rate of cancer patients as envisioned in UN SDG 3: Good health and well-being.
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12652-020-02404-1
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-020-02404-1
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[publication_title] => Significant directed walk framework to increase the accuracy of cancer classification using gene expression data
[journal_title] => Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => August 2020
[subject] => Cancer; Artificial Intelligence (AI)
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[post_date] => 2022-05-19 12:26:04
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[post_title] => Factors Determining the Continuation of Virtual Teaching and Learning
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[researchers_name] => MOSES, Priscilla
[researchers_position] => Department of General Studies, Faculty of Creative Industries, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Malaysia
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[researchers_position_2] => Department of General Studies, Faculty of Creative Industries, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Malaysia
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[research_footprints] => Continuance intention; Psychological ownership; Perceived ease of use; Perceived usefulness; Cloud-based virtual learning environment
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => Theoretically, psychological ownership (PO) is essential to motivate users to adopt technology through their beliefs such as perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. However, this study showed that the influences on teachers' continued reliance on technology might be more complex than that. Nevertheless, the results indicated that perceived ease of use (PEU) is a stronger reason for teachers to embrace cloud-based virtual learning environments than perceived usefulness (PU) despite teachers having gained experience using it and the platforms being user-friendly. Therefore, the education ministry and school authorities should consider catering to the teachers' readiness and need to encourage the use of cloud-based virtual technology in classrooms and learning widely.
[the_background] => Malaysia invested over 13 years with an estimated cost of RM1.5 billion (about US$500 million). The country is also recognized as one of the pioneers in Asia to initiate a nationwide cloud-based learning environment. However, literature proved that such technology is underutilized despite the strategies and policies designed to drive the adoption. Moreover, most past literature focused on the adoption behavior among students, university educators, or pre-service teachers. Little is known from the perspective of practicing school teachers. Hence, this study examines the factors driving teachers to develop psychological ownership towards a cloud-based virtual learning environment and their intention to continue. The outcome intends to understand the underutilization of such technology in education for developing countries facing similar challenges.
[the_sdg_impact] => Education is among one of the significantly affected sectors amidst this COVID-19 pandemic. Teaching and learning experiences had to instantly adopt and adapt to virtual learning environment leaving students and teachers to struggle, especially in developing and under-developed countries. Apart from the readiness in terms of infrastructure, the willingness of teachers to utilize these facilities and continue using them even after physical classes resume needs to be understood. Therefore, the insights provided by this study would benefit policymakers and school authorities to re-evaluate teachers' training needs to embrace a virtual learning environment to provide the best 21st century learning experience for students. (SDG 4: Quality education)
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11423-019-09661-8
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[publication_title] => Predicting teachers’ continuance in a virtual learning environment with psychological ownership and the TAM: a perspective from Malaysia
[journal_title] => Educational Technology Research and Development
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => April 2019
[subject] => General Studies; Virtual Learning
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[post_date] => 2022-05-19 12:13:24
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[post_title] => Oil Palm Waste-derived Nano-photocatalyst Can Treat Wastewater from Textile Industry
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[researchers_name] => NG, Law Yong
[researchers_position] => Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Malaysia
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[research_footprints] => Agricultural waste; Carbon quantum dot; Hydrothermal; Photocatalytic degradation; Organic dye
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[figures] =>
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[the_novelty] => Lignin extracted from empty fruit bunches (EFB) can undergo hydrothermal treatment with urea to produce a stable photocatalyst that degrades dye molecules. The study used this technique to develop photocatalysts, nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (NCQDs), to treat water sources polluted with harmful organic dyes. By including NCQDs, 97%-98% of methylene blue and malachite green dyes were degraded within 120-180 minutes of sunlight exposure compared to only 59% of degradation without the catalyst. Furthermore, findings also showed that the number of cycles to repeatedly used photocatalyst could go up to 15 cycles with approximately 70% decolorization efficiency. In conclusion, the proposed NCQDs are not just effective water treatment substances but are also a greener option to reduce oil palm waste.
[the_background] => Synthetic organic dyes used in textile industries are major sources of water pollution. Dyes such as methylene blue and malachite green are highly toxic and harmful for marine life and humans. Moreover, the presence of dye molecules in the water stream may prevent sunlight penetration into the water, affecting the photosynthesis of aquatic plants. Therefore, a stable and reliable catalyst is required to treat the wastewater before discharging. Separately, empty fruit bunch (EFB) are oil palm waste that is largely discarded. The rich molecular make-up of this waste has a huge potential to be converted into carbon-based nanoparticles and catalysts. Thus, this study proposed nano-photocatalyst derived from biomass as a safe solution to decolorize the dye molecules in the water streams.
[the_sdg_impact] => A 2020 article published by CNN highlighted devastating environmental and health effects caused by textile dyeing practices of the global fashion industry. Nations like Bangladesh, highly dependent on the garment sector as their source of income, face severe pollution threats as the industry’s wastewater largely gets dumped directly into their rivers and streams. Therefore, this study is useful to substantially reduce such water pollution threats and minimize their adverse impacts on human health and the environment through an environmentally sound management technique. (SDG 12: Responsible consumption and production)
[article_url] => https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2214714420306930?via%3Dihub
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101816
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[publication_title] => Sustainable production of nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and malachite green
[journal_title] => Journal of Water Process Engineering
[publisher] => Elsevier
[year] => April 2021
[subject] => Chemical Engineering; Water Process Engineering
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[post_date] => 2022-05-19 11:48:58
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[post_title] => Hypertension Patients on Medication Should Avoid Consuming Green Tea Excessively
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[researchers_name] => LEE, Siew Keah
[researchers_position] => Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pre-clinical sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Malaysia
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[research_footprints] => EGCG; Catechin; Green Tea; Nadolol; Herb-drug interaction; Hypertension
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/1-s2.0-S0944711321001665-ga1_lrg.jpg
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[the_novelty] => This study provides evidence of the counter-effect of a common botanical product when consumed by hypertension patients on medication. One of the major catechins found in green tea extract is known as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Due to the established blood pressure lowering effects of green tea, it is not surprising that hypertension patients might consume highly concentrated or purified EGCG along with their medication with or without their physicians’ knowledge. However, based on a 14-day observation of continuous consumption of herbal supplement with EGCG content as low as 10 mg/kg b.w. showed that EGCG interfered with the effectiveness of nadolol, an antihypertensive drug commonly prescribed to hypertensive patients. Such reduced drug effect results from RNA expression dysregulation of the key nadolol transporters (Oatp 1a5, Oct1and P-gp). Thus, proving an unfavorable herb-drug interaction and outcome among the hypertension patients prescribed nadolol. Essentially, these insights are useful for physicians to advise their patients, adjust nadolol prescription dosage, or prescribe alternative drugs for green tea consumers with hypertension.
[the_background] => Statistics showed that less than 13% of hypertensive patients achieved blood pressure control (<140/90 mm Hg) while on treatment. Such a scenario results in physicians either prescribing more medication or increasing the dosage. In the long run, these actions would potentially contribute to medication and economic burden as well as increase the risk of drug side effects among the consumers. Meanwhile, herbal or ‘natural’ medicine has been gaining popularity among patients with various ailments. Particularly, green tea consumption is highly favored due to its extensive therapeutic effects. Although one of its medicinal properties is to lower blood pressure, its effect on hypertension patients on antihypertension medication is unclear. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of a widely available herbal supplement, EGCG, on the blood pressure of those given nadolol and the biological mechanisms involved.
[the_sdg_impact] => According to WHO, close to 1.3 billion adults aged 30-79 years worldwide have hypertension, and it is a major cause of premature death. Adopting a healthy lifestyle is among the most recommended hypertension management techniques, while many patients trust herbs or ‘natural’ medicine to do the trick. Therefore, it is crucial for physicians and healthcare personnel to advise patients on medication to monitor the supplements or herbs that are not prescribed yet being consumed. In extension, such effort would improve the drug effectiveness among hypertension patients on medication and, in extension, reduce premature mortality of hypertension-related cardiovascular diseases (SDG 3: Good health and well-being).
[article_url] => https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0944711321001665
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153623
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[publication_title] => Oral epigallocatechin gallate reduces intestinal nadolol absorption via modulation of Oatp1a5 and Oct1 transcriptional levels in spontaneously hypertensive rats
[journal_title] => Phytomedicine
[publisher] => Elsevier
[year] => September 2021
[subject] => Medicine and Health Sciences; Pre-clinical sciences
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[post_title] => Non-destructive Test for Quick Concrete Strength Test
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[researchers_name] => LEE, Foo Wei
[researchers_position] => Department of Civil Engineering (DCI), Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Malaysia
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[research_footprints] => compressive strength; non-destructive test (NDT); elastic wave; air-entrained rubberized concrete
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/crystals-10-00912-ag-550.webp
[figures] =>
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[the_novelty] => This study suggested adopting the non-destructive test (NDT) as a more effective method to assess concrete strength during the hardening process. Among the significant improvement observed by adopting this testing method is the amount of time needed. Results indicate that the test is able to reduce the time taken to 1 day, as compared to the conventional process, which requires 28 days. Moreover, this approach is also resource-efficient as it does not involve the specimen being demolished during testing. Last but not least, the findings proved that wave amplitude and velocity are crucial to determining the compressive strength development of air-entrained rubberized concrete.
[the_background] => In recent years, there has been a steadily increasing demand for rubberized concrete due to its lightweight, strength, elasticity, ductility, and energy and force absorption potentials. Air-entraining agents have been introduced in rubberized concrete to further lengthen its lifespan and durability. However, there has been inconsistency in terms of the compressive strength of air-entrained rubberized concrete compared to conventional concrete. The test required to determine the compressive strength and properties is known to be tedious and time-consuming. Therefore, this study proposes a more efficient and reliable assessment of rubberized concrete specimens, particularly in completed buildings.
[the_sdg_impact] => Over the years, green construction has been receiving more attention. Concrete production is slowly being altered to be greener through the use of scrap tires to produce rubberized concrete. To ensure the shift to an environmentally sound material does not compromise the safety and durability of the buildings constructed, a reliable testing method is necessary. Hence, the findings of this study would serve as a reference to enhance and upgrade the technological capabilities of the construction industry. (SDG 9: Industry, innovation and infrastructure)
[article_url] => https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/10/10/912
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/concrete-2.jpg
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst10100912
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[publication_title] => Compressive Strength Forecasting of Air-Entrained Rubberized Concrete during the Hardening Process Utilizing Elastic Wave Method
[journal_title] => Crystals
[publisher] => MDPI
[year] => October 2020
[subject] => Civil Engineering;
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[post_title] => Smartphone App Smart Enough to Detect Skin Cancer
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[researchers_name] => HUM, Yan Chai
[researchers_position] => Department of Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering (DMBE), Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Malaysia
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[research_footprints] => Melanoma; Skin cancer screening; Skin lesion detection; Multimedia-based healthcare systems; ;Smartphone app; ;Teledermatology; Deep learning; ISIC skin lesions dataset
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[figures] =>
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[the_novelty] => The study proposed using deep learning technology to design a highly accurate skin cancer diagnosis tool in the form of a smartphone app. In order to optimize the functions of the app, a thorough analysis was performed using different computational intelligence models on various models of smartphones, screen resolutions, and android versions. As a whole, the proposed technology is set to design a cheap, user-friendly, and reliable smartphone camera-based app capable of eliminating the need for sophisticated external sensor tools. Through such an app, the chances of early skin cancer detection can be improved, and physicians' inconsistent manual diagnosis could be avoided.
[the_background] => One of the most effective ways to battle cancer is through early detection. At present, early detection of skin cancer is highly reliant on experts such as doctors and dermatologists. However, past literature has proven that the conventional method such as manual inspection using ABCDE criteria has various limitations, namely subjectivity and inaccuracy, owing to the varying experience level of dermatologists and irregular characteristics of malignant skin lesions. Thus, leading to the condition being missed or misdiagnosed. Therefore, this study aims to replace the current skin cancer early detection method with object detection and deep learning technology by integrating the ABCDE criteria. Since smartphones or smart devices have seamlessly been integrated into our daily routine, this study proposes the development of a smartphone app as a potential early diagnostic tool.
[the_sdg_impact] => According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), there has been a significant rise in the cases of malignant skin cancer over the past decade. Early detection of skin cancer is required to classify symptoms so that attending dermatologists and clinicians can recommend effective disease control measures. Presently, the computational capability of smart handheld devices is feasible to be integrated with object detection technology. As a result, the coupling of smartphones and deep learning could aid in detecting and classifying skin lesions. A handy diagnostic tool with such capability would increase the chances of early detection, thus improving the survival rates of the patients by having the disease treated sooner. (SDG 3: Good health and well-being)
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11042-021-11013-9
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Smartphone-2.jpg
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[publication_title] => The development of skin lesion detection application in smart handheld devices using deep neural networks
[journal_title] => Multimedia Tools and Applications
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => May 2021
[subject] => Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering
)
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[post_date] => 2022-05-19 11:09:08
[post_date_gmt] => 2022-05-19 03:09:08
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Psychological Factors Could Trigger Obesity among Adults
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[researchers_name] => FOO, Chai Nien
[researchers_position] => Department of Population Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Malaysia
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[original_article_reference] =>
[research_footprints] => obesity; risk factors; psychological; adults; Malaysia
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study provided evidence of potential psychological determinants that cause obesity among men and women. Consistent with past literature, the results proved that women are more likely to be obese than men. More specifically, married, middle-aged Indian women with only school-level education face a higher risk of being obese. Among the contributing psychological factors in women for such an outcome is the stressful life events encountered and their quality of life. On the other hand, men facing perceived stress or having suicidal ideation have higher chances of being obese. To the authors’ knowledge, this study provides primary evidence of the association between psychological determinants and adult obesity. Potentially, policymakers could use the findings as a reference to address psychological needs when designing effective obesity prevention strategies in the community.
[the_background] => Obesity has been commonly linked to the risk of developing various major illnesses and psychological effects. However, the understanding of how psychological factors could lead to obesity remains unclear. In Malaysia, obesity prevalence among adults has shown a four-fold increase between 1996 and 2015. Being highly populated with working adults, the high incidence rate of obesity in Selangor is concerning as compared to other states. Therefore, this study aims to understand the underlying factors and psychological determinants causing adults of Selangor to be obese or overweight.
[the_sdg_impact] => According to Global Burden of Disease 2019, a high body mass index is among the top risk factors contributing to the development of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). In the global status report on NCDs, WHO recorded 39% of adults to be overweight, and the prevalence is expected to rise by 2025. In the Malaysian context, it recorded the highest obesity rate in adults compared to other Southeast Asian countries. Therefore, the findings of this study would benefit policymakers and healthcare personnel to understand the socio-demographic variables and psychological factors leading to poor health conditions among Malaysians. Such insights would contribute to effective prevention and treatment strategies when managing obesity-linked NCDs (SDG: Good health and well-being).
[article_url] => https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/3/868
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/obesity3.jpg
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18030868
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[publication_title] => Prevalence, Associated Factors and Psychological Determinants of Obesity among Adults in Selangor, Malaysia
[journal_title] => International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
[publisher] => MDPI
[year] => January 2021
[subject] => Medicine, Health Science
)
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[post_date] => 2022-05-19 10:57:29
[post_date_gmt] => 2022-05-19 02:57:29
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Organic Liquid-based Air Pressure Sensor with Dual Functions
[post_excerpt] =>
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[post_name] => organic-liquid-based-air-pressure-sensor-with-dual-functions
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[researchers_name] => CHEE, Pei Song
[researchers_position] => Department of Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering (DMBE), Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Malaysia
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/utar01.png
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[researchers_name_2] => LIM, Eng Hock
[researchers_position_2] => Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Malaysia
[researchers_photo_2] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/wireless4.png
[researchers_profile_2] =>
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[original_article_reference] =>
[research_footprints] => Electrical and electronic engineering; Fluids; Polymers
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => Unlike existing sensors that are limited to only detecting air pressure, this study designed a novel structure that combines the antenna and pressure sensing functionalities into a single piece. The proposed liquid dielectric resonator antenna (LDRA) can achieve high compactness as it uses an organic solvent, acetonitrintrile, with a low loss tangent at 2.4 GHz. Findings indicate that the antenna gain of the design is at least 2 dB higher than that of the commonly suggested water LDRA. Additionally, the soft-lithography technique used allows rapid prototyping. In short, this proposed design promises a dual-sensing functionality with improved sensitivity and circuit footprint. It also reduces material costs and can potentially be expanded into wearable devices that require higher power consumption.
[the_background] => Pressure sensors are essential for monitoring and controlling, particularly in biomedical technologies and auto industries. One of the limitations of presently available commercial sensors is the restricted mobility as they require wires and batteries to operate. Moreover, the existing rigid containers also limit the functions of the antenna structure as a pressure sensor. Hence, requiring a more flexible and stretchable material to improve the storage of electrical energy that can respond to the change of stimuli. As a solution, this study proposed a wireless power technology that combines both wireless receivers and sensors as an alternative.
[the_sdg_impact] => Pressure sensors play a huge role in the medical and healthcare sectors, especially among ventilator and respiratory manufacturers. Over the decade, there has been a noticeable need for flexible pressure sensors, preferably low-cost, portable, and light-weighted. Besides, the 9th UN SDG, Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, also encourages the development of quality, reliable, sustainable, and resilient infrastructure to support the evolving community and technological needs. Hence, in alignment with such goals, the materials and design of the liquid dielectric resonator antenna (LDRA) proposed promises to improve the air pressure sensing capability by overcoming the limitations of existing models.
[article_url] => https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-72021-7
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/wireless.jpg
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-72021-7
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[publication_title] => Compact organic liquid dielectric resonator antenna for air pressure sensing using soft material
[journal_title] => Scientific Reports
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => September 2020
[subject] => Electrical and Electronic Engineering
)
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[post_date] => 2022-04-14 11:06:33
[post_date_gmt] => 2022-04-14 03:06:33
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Superheavy Nuclei 119 − 122 Synthesis in Fusion-Evaporation Reactions
[post_excerpt] =>
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[post_name] => superheavy-nuclei-119-%e2%88%92-122-synthesis-in-fusion-evaporation-reactions
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[researchers_name] => FENG, Zhaoqing
[researchers_position] => School of Physics, South China University of Technology, China
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[research_footprints] => Dinuclear system model; Fusion-evaporation reactions; Superheavy nuclei; Cross sections
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/NST_Article-19_V3_EN-scaled.jpg
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => While attempting to produce superheavy nuclei (SHN) with Z = 119 – 122 in the fusion-evaporation reactions within the dinuclear system (DNS) model, this study discovered that 44Sc+252Es was the optimal combination in the 3n channel with a cross-section of 3 pb. Maximum cross-sections of the evaporation residues (ER) were found in the (2-5)n evaporation channels, i.e., approximately 1 pb in the 3n evaporation channel. The results were in good agreement with the experimental data from Dubna. The SHN were produced by bombarding the actinide nuclides with the transition elements from Period 4. Since the orientations were the main determining factor of the ER cross-sections, all possible collision orientations were included by applying the Monte Carlo approach in the nucleon transfer process. Using these results as a reference, future investigations should be conducted to uncover other potentially promising reaction mechanisms to produce SHN.
[the_background] => SHN (Z ≥ 106) are given rise by the strong binding shell effect when the Coulomb repulsion is overcome. The initial synthesis of SHN nearly half a decade ago involved multinucleon transfer reactions in collisions of two actinide nuclei. Meanwhile, the formation dynamics of SHN in massive fusion and multinucleon transfer reactions have been the main focus. Hence, systematic studies on the production of SHN are needed to predict the reaction mechanism, including optimal projectile-target combinations. This study conducted a comprehensive study on the fusion dynamics of the formation of superheavy nuclei within the DNS model by adopting the Monte Carlo approach. The findings shed some light on the fusion-evaporation reactions applied for synthesizing SHN with Z = 119 – 122, bringing SHN research one step closer to discovering “island of stability.”
[the_sdg_impact] => Superheavy elements (SHE) are rare naturally and only exist briefly under highly controlled circumstances. Their common applications include smoke detectors (americium), neutron radiography and neutron interrogation (curium and californium), and nuclear weapons (plutonium). Thus, besides exploring the concept of “magic numbers” and “island of stability,” a better understanding of the formation mechanism of SHE could lead to a significant advancement of nuclear technology. By focusing on the synthesis of various SHN via fusion-evaporations reactions, the output of this in-depth study contributed to the progress of SHN synthesis. Therefore, it fulfilled UNSDG9: Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure.
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs41365-021-00946-3
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Superheavy-2.jpg
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-021-00946-3
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[publication_title] => Systematics on production of superheavy nuclei Z=119−122 in fusion-evaporation reactions
[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => September 2021
[subject] => Engineering; Nuclear Physics; Nuclear Technology; Applied Physics
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[post_date] => 2022-03-22 11:44:32
[post_date_gmt] => 2022-03-22 03:44:32
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[post_title] => Exploration of Short-Lived Nuclei Using Newly Commissioned Collinear Laser Spectroscopy
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[researchers_name] => BAI, Shiwei (白世伟)
[researchers_position] => School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics & Technology, Peking University, China
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Commissioning-.png
[researchers_profile] => https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Shiwei-Bai
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[researchers_name_2] => YANG, Xiaofei (杨晓菲)
[researchers_position_2] => School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics & Technology, Peking University, China
[researchers_photo_2] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Commissioning-2.png
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[original_article_reference] =>
[research_footprints] => Nuclear properties; Collinear laser spectroscopy; Laser-ablation ion source; Photon detection; Isotope shift
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/2022_NST_Article_02_v2_EN-scaled.jpg
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => As an initial step to fully leverage the available radioactive ion beam facilities and resources, this study developed a collinear laser spectroscopy (CLS) apparatus combined with an offline laser ablation ion source at Peking University. The CLS was commissioned using a bunched stable calcium ion beam being accelerated up to 20 keV, with a pulse width of approximately 10 µs. This CLS, integrated with the ion source and an anti-collinear laser system, has enabled high-resolution measurements of the hyperfine structure spectra of stable 40,42,44,48Ca isotopes. With its successful commissioning, the CLS is ready for laser spectroscopy measurement of unstable nuclei at radioactive ion beam (RIB) facilities in China, paving the way for further developing higher-sensitivity collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy techniques.
[the_background] => The fundamental properties of atomic nuclei, such as nuclear spins, magnetic dipole moments, electric quadrupole moments, and mean-squared charge radii, are the essential experimental observables in studying the exotic nuclear structure and nucleon-nucleon interactions. Despite having various experimental methods to measure these nuclear properties, CLS is one of the most sophisticated experimental techniques available to simultaneously measure these properties in a nuclear-model independent way. This is realized by probing the subtle hyperfine effects, only as small as one part in a million compared with the total atomic transition frequency, resulting from the interaction between the atomic nucleus and surrounding electrons. CLS system has been set up in various RIB facilities worldwide to explore the exotic structure of radioactive isotopes. Lanzhou's HIRFL-RIBLL and Beijing's BRIF are among the uprising RIB facilities with short-lived isotopes ready for in-depth nuclear structure studies. The CLS, however, has not yet been involved in nuclear physics research at the domestic RIB facilities so far. The CLS apparatus developed by this study thus represents new opportunities for advanced studies of the nuclear properties of unstable nuclei at the RIB facilities in China.
[the_sdg_impact] => The unexpected new phenomena of unstable nuclei have been continuously unveiled when the study reaches the exotic isotopes far from the beta-stability line. By exploring short-lived nuclei produced artificially at RIB facilities, this study helps scientists understand the rich, complex, and even unexplored exotic structure of atomic nuclei and the nucleon-nucleon interactions. Ultimately, this would unveil the puzzle: where and how heavy matter forms in the universe (UNSDG 9: Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure).
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41365-022-00992-5
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Commissioning-4.jpg
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[publication_title] => Commissioning of a high-resolution collinear laser spectroscopy apparatus with a laser ablation ion source
[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => January 2022
[subject] => Engineering; Nuclear Physics; Nuclear Technology; Applied Physics
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[post_date] => 2022-03-13 12:52:32
[post_date_gmt] => 2022-03-13 04:52:32
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Mature Software for 3D Bunch Position & Charge Measurement
[post_excerpt] =>
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[researchers_name] => XU, Xingyi Xu (许兴懿)
[researchers_position] => Beam Instrument and Control Department, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, China
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/HOTCAP.png
[researchers_profile] => https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Xingyi-Xu
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[researchers_name_2] => LENG, Yongbin Leng (冷用斌Y)
[researchers_position_2] => Beam Instrument and Control Department, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, China
[researchers_photo_2] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/HOTCAP2.png
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[research_footprints] => Bunch-by-bunch measurement; HOTCAP software package; Data analysis; High-speed oscilloscope
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/2022_NST_Article_01_v2_EN-scaled.jpg
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study developed HOTCAP, a free, user-friendly, and interactive software, for simultaneous measurement of 3D bunch-by-bunch position and charge from the waveform of a high-speed oscilloscope. Being able to operate on Windows 10, HOTCAP could also output injection transient analysis, bunch response function reconstruction, and turn-by-turn beam analysis. Its visual interface was developed based on PyQT5. HOTCAP was coded using Python on the backend, and its architecture comprised the user interface (UI) module, the calculation module, and the input-output (IO) module. Future studies shall improve the algorithm to eliminate HOTCAP’s current need for a constant bunch length.
[the_background] => Bunch-by-bunch measurement includes transverse position measurements, longitudinal phase measurements, charge measurements, beam size measurements, and emittance. Among these, position measurement is the most important and common technique carried out via the random phase sampling method using a digital oscilloscope. However, since a large amount of input data and complex digital signal processing are involved, there is a high demand for comprehensive data processing algorithms or corresponding data processing software packages to be used in high-speed oscilloscope-based 3D bunch charge and position measurements. In order to fulfill the need, researchers from Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) Beam Instrument Group have successfully developed HOTCAP (a visualization software package) to serve as an online measurement system that can simultaneously measure the bunch-by-bunch 3D position and strip the refilled charge signal. Other accelerators will benefit from this software as soon as the researchers share the source code in the near future.
[the_sdg_impact] => SSRF strives to uphold its potential and reputation as a world-class state-of-the-art beam facility. To help achieve that, this research developed the first mature and free software package for high-speed oscilloscope-based three-dimensional (3D) bunch charge and position measurement. The output contributes to the advancement of beam diagnosis technology, which enhances the operation of synchrotron radiation facilities, realizing UNSDG 9: Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure.
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41365-021-00966-z?utm_source=xmol&utm_medium=affiliate&utm_content=meta&utm_campaign=DDCN_1_GL01_metadata
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[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => November 2021
[subject] => Engineering; Nuclear Physics; Nuclear Technology; Applied Physics
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[post_title] => Enhanced GRID Mission Nanosatellite Gamma-Ray Detector
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[research_footprints] => Gamma-ray bursts; Scintillation detectors; SiPM; CubeSat
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/56.jpg
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This research revealed the in-depth design (both hardware and firmware) of the first and second compact nanosatellite gamma-ray detectors built for the Gamma-Ray Integrated Detectors (GRID) mission. The detector comprised four Gd2Al2Ga3O12 : Ce (GAGG:Ce) scintillators coupled with four silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) arrays, and the detector’s gamma-ray detection efficiency ranged between 10 keV and 2 MeV. The first and second detectors were launched into Sun-synchronous orbits with an altitude and inclination of 500 km 97.5 ° and 97.3 °, on October 29, 2018, and November 6, 2020, respectively. The detectors managed to accumulate data for more than 300 hours of on-orbit observation. For further context, detailed calibration of the detector using both simulations and experiments will be reported elsewhere in the near future.
[the_background] => The GRID mission is a project which bears the main objective to involve students in monitoring the transient gamma-ray sky in the local universe and in accumulating a sample of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) associated with gravitational waves (GWs). The first detector was launched into a Sun-synchronous orbit on October 29, 2018. After the on-orbit functional and performance tests of the first detector, fewer hardware modifications and improvements have been made in the second detector. This paper shows the detailed design of the GRID detector, and the functionality and performance of this design have been verified by two launches. By sharing these significant details of the compact CubeSat gamma-ray detector, this study encourages and attracts students from multi-disciplinary to participate in GRID so as to grow their hands-on experience in astrophysics.
[the_sdg_impact] => Astrophysics is a subject area that often involves multi-disciplinary collaboration in developing hardware and data. Hence, having a well-developed research facility and infrastructure is essential to let students and researchers deploy their output in a real environment. Besides sharing the detailed hardware and firmware design, this study also motivates students to participate in the GRID mission by describing how the latter empowered the study's progress. Therefore, the outcome of this study aligns well with UNSDG 9: Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure by supporting the development of research and technology.
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs41365-021-00937-4
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[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => September 2021
[subject] => Engineering; Nuclear Physics; Nuclear Technology; Applied Physics
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[post_title] => New Multifunctional Carbon Nanosheet Construction Strategy
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[research_footprints] => Carbon nanosheets; Multifunctional templates; Hierarchical pores; Heteroatom doping
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[the_novelty] => This study explores a range of construction mechanisms with different conditions to improve present 2D material performance. As a breakthrough, a new strategy to construct Fe,N-codoped hierarchical porous carbon nanosheets (Fe-N-HP-CNS) by using 2D Fe-Zn layered double hydroxides (Fe-Zn-LDH) was developed. The proposed multifunctional templating strategy simplifies the synthetic route and yields well-defined 2D carbon nanosheets with a hierarchical porous structure and a functional carbon framework. Overall, the novel method promises an improved template functionality while eliminating the adverse effects and limitations of single-functioned conventional carbon nanosheet construction techniques.
[the_background] => 2D porous carbon nanosheets have desirable physical and chemical properties, including excellent electrical conductivity, superior chemical stability, and adjustable carbon framework. Hence, the materials have been widely used in electrochemical energy storage, catalysis, battery, water treatment, and many more. With that said, existing carbon nanosheet templates largely fit a single function. Moreover, the preparation processes are not only costly and complex, but also non-environmentally friendly. Therefore, this study looks into the synthesis process of carbon nanosheets by leveraging the 2D structure and potential multifunctional characteristics.
[the_sdg_impact] => 2D porous carbon nanosheets have become the recent most in-demand porous carbon due to the uniqueness of its structure and promising functionalities, potentially useful in various applications. Given the increasing requirements on applications in our current lifestyle, there’s a growing need for a simple and precise construction strategy of this ‘super’ material. Therefore, the novel approach developed in this study expands the functionality of 2D porous carbon nanosheets by improving resource-use efficiency and adopting a cleaner and greener construction mechanism (SDG 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure).
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10118-022-2656-x
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[publication_title] => Multifunctional Templating Strategy for Fabrication of Fe, N-Codoped Hierarchical Porous Carbon Nanosheets
[journal_title] => Chinese Journal of Polymer Science
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => November 2021
[subject] => Chemistry, Polymer Science
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[post_date] => 2022-02-26 11:06:40
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[post_title] => New Variance Reduction Method for Higher Accuracy Monte Carlo (MC) Reactor Criticality Calculation
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[researchers_name] => PAN, Qingquan (潘清泉)
[researchers_position] => School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
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[research_footprints] => RMC code; Global homogenization; Variance reduction; SPN theory
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Screenshot-2022-02-26-105443-1.png
[figures] =>
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[the_novelty] => This study developed an SP3-coupled global variance reduction (GVR) method, which brought the efficiency and accuracy of the Monte Carlo (MC) criticality calculation to a whole new level. The workflow of the SPN-based GVR involved MC global homogenization in determining global cross-sections, SP3 equation-solving to obtain the global flux distribution, and global weight windows approximation. Despite achieving a noteworthy milestone, this research aimed to enhance the GVR’s performance in the near future by involving rigorous SPN theory and an adjoint method for the SPN theory.
[the_background] => The design and performance of a reactor rely significantly on the reactor criticality calculation, which applies the MC method most of the time. Besides enhancing the overall efficiency and accuracy, variance reduction (VR) methods are crucial in maintaining the numerical stability of MC multi-physics simulations. The VR methods developed in the past (i.e. UFS, UTD, UVM) face limitations in terms of working principles, techniques, and validation. To fulfill the demand for a more superior reactor, this study proposed an SP3-coupled GVR that enhanced the overall precision of MC criticality calculation. This development could potentially improve the reactor shielding calculations, leading to a higher-performance reactor.
[the_sdg_impact] => A nuclear reactor is built and operated based on sophisticated technology. To cope with the higher demand on its performance, various aspects such as design and safety features need to be enhanced. The GVR method proposed in this study showed great potential in pushing the limits of reactors in the future. Therefore, its achievement materialized UNSDG 9: Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure, by creating a milestone in the nuclear reactor design.
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41365-021-00973-0
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[publication_title] => SP3-coupled global variance reduction method based on RMC code
[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => November 2021
[subject] => Engineering; Nuclear Physics; Nuclear Technology; Applied Physics
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[post_date] => 2022-02-26 10:57:26
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[post_title] => Nuclear Mass Refinement by Machine Learning
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[researchers_name] => GAO, Zepeng
[researchers_position] => College of Physics Science and Technology, Shenyang Normal University, China
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[researchers_name_2] => WANG, Yongjia
[researchers_position_2] => School of Science, Huzhou University, China
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[research_footprints] => Nuclear mass; Machine learning; Binding energy; Separation energy
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Screenshot-2022-02-26-105340.png
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => Is there any room to increase the accuracy of theoretical nuclear mass prediction? This study demonstrated that Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) is a highly competent tool for improving the accuracy of theoretical nuclear mass and binding energy predicted. With respect to experimental binding energy, LightGBM’s refinement managed to reduce the root mean square deviations (RMSDs) by approximately 90%, 65%, 40%, and 60% in the liquid-drop model (LDM), Duflo–Zucker (DZ) mass model, Weizsäcker–Skyrme (WS4) model, and finite-range droplet model (FRDM) respectively. Consistent RMSD improvement was obtained compared to the 66 newly measured nuclei that appeared in the new atomic mass evaluation, AME2020. Besides that, the LightGBM-refined mass models also yielded single and two-neutron separation energies values that matched those derived experimentally. All it took for the LightGBM to work was the input of characteristic quantities like mass and proton numbers. Relevance analysis of input characteristic quantities for each mass model was carried out using SHapley additive exPlanations (SHAP) and valuable results were obtained for future improvement and development of various nuclear mass models.
[the_background] => Nuclear mass has been a crucial and challenging subject, especially for nuclei near the drip lines (i.e., the boundaries delimiting the zone beyond atomic nuclei decay). A Bayesian neural network (BNN) refinement is a promising approach for theoretical models to deduce nuclear mass with higher accuracy. On the other hand, a tree-based learning algorithm developed by Microsoft in 2016, known as LightGBM, shows upsides, including better learning capability, greater efficiency, and better accuracy. This puts LightGBM in an advantageous position to be applied in studies of nuclear mass. As an effort to verify the potentials of the LightGBM machine learning algorithm, this study deployed LightGBM in predicting the masses and binding energy of unknown nuclei. The reduced RMSDs obtained were an excellent validation of LightGBM’s value in nuclear mass studies, which could set a more refined direction for future research.
[the_sdg_impact] => The advancement of astrophysics and nuclear physics correlates with the level of knowledge in nuclear mass. Hence, a highly efficient machine learning method is needed to speculate the masses of unknown nuclides, especially superheavy and neutron-rich nuclides. This study validated LightGBM’s potential in nuclear mass studies and, consequently, indicated the importance of machine learning in the progress of astrophysics and nuclear physics. These fundamental findings are essential to facilitate future scientific research by leveraging the ever-evolving technological capability, which aligns with the visions of UNSDG 9: Innovation, industry, and infrastructure.
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41365-021-00956-1
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[publication_title] => Machine learning the nuclear mass
[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => October 2021
[subject] => Engineering; Nuclear Physics; Nuclear Technology; Applied Physics
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[post_date] => 2022-02-22 14:44:25
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[post_title] => Voltage Profiling for Solar Photovoltaic (PV) System in Varying Weather Conditions
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[researchers_name] => MOHD AZMAN, Mohd Arif bin
[researchers_position] => Centre for Research and Innovation Management, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), Malaysia
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[research_footprints] => Renewable energy; solar photovoltaic; voltage profile intermittency; solar output fluctuation; voltage rise.
[graphic_abstract] =>
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[video] =>
[the_novelty] => The distribution system of the power grid is affected by the high voltage fluctuation due to the solar PV systems. A grid-connected battery energy storage system is a potential solution. The study analyzed solar PV system voltage profiles and solar power output with four different module technologies at various locations in the free-standing installation method. The study concluded that voltage fluctuation is the highest during the day in both low and high load conditions. Future studies should evaluate the effects of weather and position of solar PV systems against the system’s voltage profile.
[the_background] => As more and more people adopt a greener lifestyle, the demand for solar panel reliance has increased in recent years. However, in the usage of solar panel-derived energy, voltage supply seems to fluctuate due to irregular sunlight availability. Such condition poses a negative effect on the power grid, especially the distribution network. Therefore, this study aims to quantify the voltage fluctuation for small-scale solar photovoltaic systems under different loading conditions, specifically voltage and solar power output. The potential solution for this would be a grid-connected battery energy storage system, which allows grid quality and reliability maintenance.
[the_sdg_impact] => The increasing adoption of solar power encourages the shift from the current system that uses fossil fuel, promoting cheaper and cleaner energy production. This study strongly associates with Goal 7: Affordable and Clean Energy and Goal 12: Responsible Consumption and Production of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) as the findings are useful for the relevant parties to take suitable actions in improving existing solar PV systems. Ultimately, serving as a good reference for institutions and countries intending to move towards sustainable energy and reduce their environmental impacts through solar power.
[article_url] => https://www.ijrer.org/ijrer/index.php/ijrer/article/view/10450/pdf
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.20508/ijrer.v10i1.10450.g7978
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[publication_title] => Quantification of Voltage Profiles Intermittency for Small-Scale Solar Photovoltaic System under Different Loading Conditions
[journal_title] => International Journal of Renewable Energy Research-IJRER
[publisher] => IJRER
[year] => March 2020
[subject] => Engineering
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[post_date] => 2022-02-22 14:21:12
[post_date_gmt] => 2022-02-22 06:21:12
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for Better Quality Synthetic Rubber
[post_excerpt] =>
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[researchers_name] => MAHAMOOD, Mazlin Aida binti
[researchers_position] => Centre of Research and Innovation Management (CRIM), Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), Malaysia
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Rubber.png
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[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study uses statistical and mathematical models to optimize cure characteristics of Natural Rubber/ EPDM (a type of synthetic rubber) blends. The proposed software identified the optimum mixing parameters (temperature, rotor speed, time) for adding maleic anhydride grafted EPM (MAH-g-EPM). As a result, the miscibility, and physical and rheological properties of the NR/EPDM blend were significantly improved. Thus, creating a more stable rubber blend by increasing the material resistance towards deformation. Such software and analytical technique enable future material characterization to be conducted efficiently across multiple parameters within a short period of time.
[the_background] => The blending of two or more elastomers (polymers with elastic properties) is common to obtain new materials with improved and superior properties compared to its original phases at a minimal cost. Applying a similar concept, rubber blends are frequently tested and created to produce newer and sturdier materials for various uses. Natural rubber/EPDM blends are by far the most prominent form of synthetic rubber in terms of performance and elasticity. However, the synthetic rubber blends have shown several mechanical property degradations due to poor compatibility. This study aims to provide suitable and effective cure characteristics of NR/EPDM blends for better miscibility and compatibility.
[the_sdg_impact] => Rubber is still widely used in automobile manufacturing along with many other industries for various purposes. According to a March 2021 BBC article, there still is a growing demand for rubber worldwide while there is a shortage in terms of supply. With lands being scarce to accommodate the expansion of rubber plantation, alternative methods are required to make up for the demand. As the use of synthetic rubber increasing, there is a need to constantly improve its quality and durability under minimum expenditure and production time. Thus, the findings of this study clearly promote the enhancement of scientific research to upgrade material production through a more sustainable and efficient use of resources (SDG 9: Industry, innovation and infrastructure).
[article_url] => https://www.scientific.net/AMM.761.441
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Rubber-2.jpg
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.761.441
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[publication_title] => Cure Characteristics of Natural Rubber/EPDM Blends for the Effect of MAH Grafted EPM and Compounding Parameters via Response Surface Methodology
[journal_title] => Applied Mechanics and Materials
[publisher] => Scientific.net
[year] => May 2015
[subject] => Engineering
)
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[post_author] => 154
[post_date] => 2022-02-22 12:14:09
[post_date_gmt] => 2022-02-22 04:14:09
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Using Coffee Waste Film in Pulsed Laser Generation
[post_excerpt] =>
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[post_name] => using-coffee-waste-film-in-pulsed-laser-generation
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[researchers_name] => LATIFF, Anas Abdul
[researchers_position] => Faculty of Electronic & Computer Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), Malaysia
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/coffee.png
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[research_footprints] => Q-switching operation; Ytterbium-doped fiber; Erbium-doped fiber; Thulium-doped fiber; Fiber laser; Saturable absorber; Spent coffee ground
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Generation-of-Q-switched-fiber-laser-at-1.0-1.55-and-2.0-µm-employing-a-spent-coffee-ground-based-saturable-absorber.png
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study demonstrated for the first time a spent coffee ground (SCG) film made of waste product from coffee beans as saturable absorber (SA) for wideband pulsed laser generations. The findings indicate that the fabricated SCG film modulator has a modulation depth, saturable intensity, and non-saturable absorption of 30%, 150 MW/cm2, and 28%, respectively. The fabricated SCG film modulator produced a highest pulse energy of 0.152 μJ and shortest pulse of 4.20 μs at the 1-μm region, which fits the expectations of pulsed laser performance. The SCG film modulator's ability to induce pulsed lasers at various regions, alongside its considerably simple fabrication process, may benefit diverse photonic applications.
[the_background] => Pulsed lasers have high pulse energy, with a pulse width that can be tuned up from a microsecond to hundreds of nanoseconds. The active method generation of pulsed lasers in the past is less desirable due to the size, cost, and handling challenges. Hence, passive techniques using modulators have been explored, and nanomaterials like graphene (a form of carbon) are highly preferred in producing such modulators. This study demonstrates the use of waste products from coffee grounds as bio-resources for carbon to synthesize graphene nanomaterials suitable for modulators.
[the_sdg_impact] => Global coffee production creates more than 23 million tons of waste per year. Coffee waste is an inexpensive and green alternative for nanomaterials production, which could be applied across various fields. As the pioneering study to utilize waste coffee grounds as bioresources to synthesize graphene nanomaterial for laser technology, it is a great example of enhancing and promoting environmentally sustainable material production with increased resource-use efficiency. Therefore, the study objectives align well with UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 9, Industry, innovation and infrastructure.
[article_url] => https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1068520020304247?via%3Dihub
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2020.102434
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[publication_title] => Generation of Q-switched fiber laser at 1.0-, 1.55- and 2.0-µm employing a spent coffee ground based saturable absorber
[journal_title] => Optical Fiber Technology
[publisher] => Elsevier
[year] => January 2021
[subject] => Engineering
)
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[post_date] => 2022-01-18 11:45:18
[post_date_gmt] => 2022-01-18 03:45:18
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => High Precision Pre-surgical Intervention Using Newly Improved Epileptogenic Zone Identification Technique in Patients
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[researchers_name] => PENG, Syu-Jyun (彭徐鈞 )
[researchers_position] => esearch Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/epileptogenic-.png
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[research_footprints] => Temporal lobe epilepsy; drug resistant; stereoelectroencephalography; SEEG; brain connectivity; topology; complex partial seizures; graph theory
[graphic_abstract] =>
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[video] =>
[the_novelty] => In the past decade, the usage of stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) to identify the epileptogenic zone in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy has increased. In this study, researchers used high-frequency oscillations (HFO) in SEEG to distinguish the common changes in the epileptic brain over the course of a seizure. The implementation involved the usage of 3D electrodes implant based on the SEEG methodology. As a result, the onset, propagation, and termination of seizure were identified by observing the high frequency brain waves. The overall change in wave frequency gives a complete map of HFO. Essentially, this HFO map could serve as a biomarker and improve surgical strategy to control/correct seizures with better accuracy and precision. Hence, these new insights would be useful references for researchers and physicians to advance existing epilepsy treatment outcomes.
[the_background] => To improve surgical outcomes, it is common to do a non-invasive evaluation prior to surgery to locate the epileptogenic zone (EZ). However, if the EZ is not readily identified, invasive electroencephalography is required. Therefore, it opens the possibility to produce biased data due to a lack of experience. In this study, researchers explore the usage of stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) to identify ictal high-frequency oscillation (HFO) networks. The primary aim of the study is to develop a new approach for surgery or neuromodulation that may help physicians improve treatment modalities for epilepsy, including resection, cortical stimulation, and neuromodulations treatment that are responsive to network topologies.
[the_sdg_impact] => According to a 2019 report from the World Health Organization (WHO), an estimated 50 million people worldwide suffer from epilepsy, making it one of the most common neurological diseases globally. As presented in this study, it is notable that using high-frequency oscillations (HFO) in stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) can identify the epileptogenic zone (EZ) in the brain. Resection of the areas of the brain where HFOs have been recorded gives a good postsurgical outcome. Thus, the finding of this study would help towards the realization of UNSDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being, which aims to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all ages, as well as UNSDG 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, for its application of research outcome to accelerate A.I.-based medical technology advancement.
[article_url] => https://thejns.org/view/journals/j-neurosurg/131/4/article-p1086.xml
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/epileptogenic-3.jpg
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.3171/2018.6.JNS172844
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[publication_title] => Ictal networks of temporal lobe epilepsy: views from high-frequency oscillations in stereoelectroencephalography
[journal_title] => Journal of Neurosurgery
[publisher] => JNS
[year] => Nov 2018
[subject] => Medical; Artificial Intelligence
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[ID] => 31036
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[post_date] => 2021-12-30 11:29:21
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-12-30 03:29:21
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Promising Method to Improve Characterization of Heavy Elements using Back-n Neutron Beamline
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[researchers_name] => HU, Xinrong
[researchers_position] => Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, SLEGS, China
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/NST-16-1.png
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[researchers_second_profile] => https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1677-9528
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[researchers_name_2] => WANG, Hongwei
[researchers_position_2] => Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, SLEGS, China
[researchers_photo_2] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/NST-16-2.png
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[original_article_reference] =>
[research_footprints] => Cross section; 197Au(n, γ); Back-n; C6D6; Pulse height weighting technology
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/NST_Article-16_V7.jpg
[figures] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/C6D6-.png
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study verified the effectiveness of the upgraded CSNS Back-n neutron beamline detection system for neutron capture cross-section measurements using gold (197Au (n, γ)). The new setup included C6D6 detectors and Li-Si flux monitor, the pulse height weighting technique (PHWT) detection technology was used to analysis the data. The results proved that the 197Au (n, γ) reaction cross section measured with neutron energies ranging from 1 eV to 100 keV is consistent with the latest standard evaluations data. Meanwhile, the findings indicated a promising less than 2% statistical uncertainty for the 197Au (n, γ) reaction cross section measured. Therefore, it is evident that the CSNS Back-n neutron beamline facility enhancement proposed in this study would benefit future characterization and the study of synthesis of heavy elements.
[the_background] => Neutron-induced reactions have long been used to characterize and synthesize heavy elements. Such techniques have been inspired by the naturally occurring slow neutron capture process (s process) in stars. At present, most neutron capture cross section measurements only one capture criterion for the 197Au (n, γ) reaction with 2.5 MeV thermal neutron energy. Hence, this study proposed integrating C6D6 detectors and PHWT detection technology with the CSNS Back-n neutron beamline. The overall feasibility of the experimental setup was determined by cross-referencing the data with the standard neutron capture cross-section database.
[the_sdg_impact] => Neutrons have long played an essential role in engineering materials for nuclear reactors, along with material characterization. As the demand for electric energy grows, so does the demand for potential alternative energy production sources, one of which is nuclear power. Thus, there is a constant need to advance and enhance existing nuclear detection and imaging technology (UN SDG 9: Industry, innovation and infrastructure). The findings of this study could serve as a reference to improve the performance of the current Back-n neutron beamline facility for better heavy chemical elements characterization and data analysis.
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41365-021-00931-w
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-021-00931-w
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[publication_title] => Measurements of the 197Au(n, γ) cross section up to 100 keV at the CSNS Back-n facility
[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => September 2021
[subject] => Engineering; Nuclear Physics; Nuclear Technology; Applied Physics
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[post_date] => 2021-12-06 11:41:32
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-12-06 03:41:32
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Optimization of EAST Performance via Tungsten Control
[post_excerpt] =>
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[researchers_name] => XU, Zong
[researchers_position] => College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, China
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/15-01.png
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[researchers_name_2] => ZHANG, Ling
[researchers_position_2] => Division of Plasma Diagnostics, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy Science, China
[researchers_photo_2] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/15-02.png
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[original_article_reference] =>
[research_footprints] => Tungsten accumulation; Counter-NBI; Favorable B t; ELMy H-mode; EAST
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/NST_Article-15.jpg
[figures] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Tungsten-.png
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => Via experimental investigation on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST), this study reported how the behavior of tungsten (in ELMy H-mode plasmas) could be controlled by neutral beam injection (NBI) and toroidal field (Bt). The concentration of tungsten in the plasma operation was successfully lowered by applying counter-NBI and favorable Bt. It’s crucial to prevent tungsten accumulation and keep tungsten concentration below 10–4 to avoid degradation of plasma confinement and periodic H–L transitions. Future in-depth studies could be carried out to better understand the implications of increased turbulent transport (during the co/counter-NBI phases) on the suppression of tungsten accumulation.
[the_background] => Despite being preferred for plasma-facing materials in fusion devices, tungsten tends to accumulate in EAST type-I ELMy H-mode plasmas. Among the adverse outcomes caused by such accumulation include disruption, loss of radiation, and degradation of energy confinement. Meanwhile, literature indicates that tungsten accumulation could be suppressed by controlling the neoclassical transport, inward pinch of high-Z impurities (PHZ), and radial electric field (Er). Furthermore, these three variables were associated with NBI. Thus, this study focused on the potential of NBI in manipulating tungsten behavior in the core of an EAST type-I ELMy H-mode plasma, a mode that led to strong impurity accumulation in EAST. By mastering the technique to avoid tungsten accumulation, the EAST will be able to perform more optimally.
[the_sdg_impact] => As the first Tokamak with superconducting toroidal and poloidal magnets, the EAST is valuable for nuclear fusion and plasma research. Thus, its performance stability and consistency are a top priority. By exploring effective methods to minimize tungsten accumulation in the EAST, this research showcased efforts that aligned with the targets of UNSDG 9: Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure.
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41365-021-00929-4
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[publication_title] => Tungsten control in type-I ELMy H-mode plasmas on EAST
[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => September 2021
[subject] => Engineering; Nuclear Physics; Nuclear Technology; Applied Physics
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[post_title] => Successful Designing of Candidate Lattice of SSRF-U Reaching the Soft X-ray Diffraction Limit
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[researchers_name] => LIU, Xinzhong
[researchers_position] => Accelerator Physics and Technology Department, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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[research_footprints] => Diffraction-Limited Storage Ring (DLSR); Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Upgrade (SSRF-U); Intra-Beam Scattering (IBS); Touschek scattering; Beam lifetime
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/NST_Article-14_V1-1.jpg
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[the_novelty] => In this study, we design a new lattice of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility upgrade (SSRF-U), a low-emittance photon source designed with an emittance of 53.2 pm·rad (N-IBS), using 20 seven-bend achromat cells. This small emittance and high electron density will inevitably lead to non-negligible intra-beam scattering (IBS) and Touschek scattering. Therefore, to weaken the effect of IBS and Touschek scattering, emittance growth and beam lifetime in the SSRF-U storage ring were studied by particle simulation within a series of different machine configurations. After considering almost all the methods, the best configuration was obtained, contributing to the upgrade plan of the SSRF storage ring. The method proposed in this paper would serve as an important reference for transforming other light sources or designing and constructing new light sources.
[the_background] => The high-performance SSRF has contributed to significant scientific findings related to various research fields, including biomedicine, material science, environmental science, physics, and chemistry. Meanwhile, there is an increasing demand for synchrotron light sources with reduced beam emittance approaching or reaching X-ray diffraction limits. However, the properties (e.g., beam lifetime and brightness) of such light sources are bound to be degraded by IBS and Touschek scattering. While designing a new lattice of the storage ring, reaching soft-X ray diffraction limit, to upgrade the SSRF, this study has also run extensive simulations to overcome the adverse effects of IBS and Touschek scattering. By identifying the optimal parameters for yielding a beam with lower emittance and higher brightness. The SSRF-U would become one of the state-of-the-art research assets to facilitate scientists making exceptional scientific contributions.
[the_sdg_impact] => The SSRF is well-known as a necessary light source facility that contributes to multiple subjects of studies. Despite that, continuous upgrading and improving SSRF are essential to enhance its beam properties and performance to keep up with the rapid pace of scientific research. The candidate lattice of the storage ring for SSRF-U, reaching soft-X ray diffraction limit and Intra-beam scattering optimization, contribute to the upgrade plan of the SSRF storage ring. Hence, this study is well-aligned with the targets of UNSDG 9: Industries, Innovation & Infrastructure.
[article_url] => https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs41365-021-00913-y
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[journal_title] => Nuclear Science and Techniques
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => August 2021
[subject] => Engineering; Nuclear Physics; Applied Physics
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[post_date] => 2021-11-26 12:46:38
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[post_title] => New Immunotherapy Strategy Shows Promising Results in Treating Various Solid Tumors
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[researchers_position] => Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taiwan
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[the_novelty] => This study proposed a novel immunotherapy strategy to treat various solid tumors more effectively and safely. The proposed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T therapy using natural killer (NK) cells, when used to target tumor-associated antigen (TAA), caused lesser damage to healthy tissues. The neoexpressed TAA of interest is known as human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G). Results indicated that by targeting HLA-G, the proposed CAR-NK successfully triggers the cytotoxic killing response of the immune system when it recognizes the tumor cells. Moreover, the efficacy of the treatment is seen to increase when the tumors are pre-exposed to low-dose chemotherapy. Overall, the study showed promising results under laboratory conditions. However, further studies are suggested to validate the combined effects of chemotherapy and HLA-G CAR-NK cells and expand the application in clinical settings.
[the_background] => Among the greatest challenges when treating solid tumors is the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), leading to low and ineffective immune responses. Although past attempts using CAR-T to target these immunosuppressive TME showed positive results, severe damages to non-tumor cells have been reported. Moreover, monotherapy of CAR through the conventional techniques have also presented limitation, thus, suggesting a need to explore combined therapies to increase the antitumor capability of the treatment. This study aims to improve the antitumor efficacy of CAR-T treatment strategy by identifying an accurate target and exploring potential combined strategy by understanding the synergistic mechanisms involved.
[the_sdg_impact] => In recent years, precision medicine has become a highly sort after area of cancer research. The concept primarily revolves around targeted care through individualized treatment approaches. One such treatment is immunotherapy, sometimes known as biological therapy, which uses the body’s natural defense mechanism to fight cancer. According to a statistic shared by John Hopkins, to date, approximately 15-20% of patients have achieved long-lasting results with the treatment. With most existing treatments still being in the trial phase or displaying a certain amount of limitation, clearly, there is room for further improvement. This study, therefore, could potentially serve as a significant breakthrough in the field by increasing cancer cell target precision and treatment efficacy. Such outcome also aligns with the visions of UN SDG 3: Good health and well-being in reducing the mortality rate of non-communicable diseases, like cancer, through prevention and treatment.
[article_url] => https://jitc.bmj.com/content/9/10/e003050.info
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/immunotherapy-.jpg
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[publication_title] => Targeting human leukocyte antigen G with chimeric antigen receptors of natural killer cells convert immunosuppression to ablate solid tumors
[journal_title] => Journal of Immunotherapy of Cancer
[publisher] => BMJ
[year] => October 2021
[subject] => Medical; Cancer; Immunotherapy
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[post_date] => 2021-11-26 11:03:05
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-11-26 03:03:05
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[post_title] => Reprogramming DNA Replication Mechanism to Stop Cancer Spreading
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[researchers_position] => Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taiwan
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[research_footprints] => PCNA; pY211 PCNA; ssDNA; cGAS; innate immune response; type I interferon
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/DNA-5.jpg
[figures] =>
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[the_novelty] => This study proved that disrupting tyrosine-211 phosphorylation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pY211-PCNA) is crucial to stopping the spread of breast cancer. By blocking the phosphorylation of the key DNA replication coordinator (PCNA), the replication mechanism collapses. Thus, a series of inflammatory responses outside the tumor cell is triggered. Such immune response is mediated by natural killer (NK) cells which then signal the stop of tumor from spreading any further. These findings provided valuable insights on the previously unclear tumor-promoting signaling pathway. Potentially, such understanding would benefit the development of effective anti-cancer immunotherapy strategies.
[the_background] => Cancer cells have a strong replication stress-coping capability, enabling them to divide and grow uncontrollably compared to normal cells. Such characteristic is a result of the ability of these cancer cells to promote DNA damages repair. With that said, much of the underlying signaling mechanisms are still poorly understood. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the mechanisms involved in the regulation of DNA replication within breast cancer cells and understand the impacts on tumor progression.
[the_sdg_impact] => According to the statistics provided by WHO, an estimated 2.3 million women were diagnosed with breast cancer, with close to 700 000 deaths reported globally in 2020 alone. Existing treatment often consists of a combination of surgical removal, radiation therapy, and medication to prevent further spreading of the tumor. Hence, to reduce the mortality rate among women with breast cancer, research should explore effective tumor biomarkers and target pathways. By providing significant insights on how cell proliferation mechanisms can be reprogrammed to inhibit tumor growth, this study serves as a good reference in developing future immunotherapy.
[article_url] => https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211124721009712
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[publication_title] => Evading immune surveillance via tyrosine phosphorylation of nuclear PCNA
[journal_title] => Cell Reports
[publisher] => Elsevier
[year] => August 2021
[subject] => Medical; Biomedical Science
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[post_date] => 2021-11-25 23:57:01
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-11-25 15:57:01
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[post_title] => Addition of Diabetic Drug Increases Lung Cancer Treatment Effectiveness
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[researchers_name] => HUANG, Wei-Chien (黃偉謙)
[researchers_position] => Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taiwan
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Smoking-2.png
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[research_footprints] => Cancer metabolism; Non-small-cell lung cancer; Predictive markers
[graphic_abstract] =>
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[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study proved that non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who smoke are less likely to respond to existing epidermal growth factor receptors tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR TKI) treatment. The findings suggested that by including metformin, a drug for diabetes mellitus, the enzymatic activation of liver kinase B1 – AMP-activated protein kinase (LKB1-AMPK) will produce better response to EGFR TKI and clinical outcomes. This is primarily due to the effectiveness of the combination in improving treatment sensitivity and reducing tumor growth, as shown in both in vitro and in vivo attempts for patients with wild-type LKB1. Thus, confirming the proposed addition of AMPK activator metformin can overcome the treatment resistance experienced by a majority of wild-type EGFR NSCLC patients who smoke. Essentially, such insights are useful to design new therapeutic strategies for NSCLC patients who are least receptive to existing treatments.
[the_background] => The EGFR is among the key targets when treating NSCLC. Hence, EGFR TKI has been widely used as part of the initial treatment strategies. However, the clinical outcomes tend to vary in terms of effectiveness for NSCLC patients with wild-type EGFR. Increasingly, reports have associated smoking consequences with the development of lung cancer and the reduction of EGFR TKI treatment responsiveness in NSCLC patients. Therefore, this study aims to understand the EGFR TKI resistance mechanisms in NSCLC patients who smoke. The findings would potentially be used to explore an effective treatment strategy against NSCLC, especially for patients with wild-type EGFR.
[the_sdg_impact] => Approximately 80% to 85% of lung cancers are recognized as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). According to the National Cancer Institute of the U.S., smoking cigarettes, pipes, or cigars are major risk factors leading to the development of the disease. By identifying the biological mechanisms that associate cigarette extracts with NSCLC treatment resistance, this study expands the possibility of increasing the effectiveness of the existing treatment. Ultimately, the proposed combination of metformin with EGFR TKI would serve as a new therapeutic strategy to promote treatment response and reduce the mortality rate of patients with NSCLC. (SDG 3: Good health and well-being)
[article_url] => https://www.nature.com/articles/s41388-020-01597-1
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[publication_title] => Cigarette smoke-induced LKB1/AMPK pathway deficiency reduces EGFR TKI sensitivity in NSCLC
[journal_title] => Oncogene
[publisher] => Springer Nature
[year] => December 2020
[subject] => Medical; Lung Cancer
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[post_date] => 2021-11-25 21:29:52
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[post_title] => Deciphering a New Bacterial Cyclic AMP–AMP–GMP Synthetase
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[researchers_name] => CHEN, Yeh (陳曄)
[researchers_position] => Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taiwan
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[the_novelty] => This in-situ study reported the crystal structure of EcCdnD, a CD-NTase from Enterobacter cloacae that produces cyclic AMP-AMP-GMP in apo and substrate-bound forms. Besides having two ATP binding sites, its overall structure was different from that of other CD-NTase. Furthermore, the relationships between its structure and activities were discussed in detail. Findings showed that EcCdnD is active when it binds to ATP or a combination of ATP and GTP. Moreover, Mg2+ is the cofactor that contributes the most to the activity of EcCdnD. Based on the results, a catalytic pathway for the CTN-producing EcCdnD is proposed. Further research is needed to confirm the exact catalytic pathway.
[the_background] => Cyclic nucleotides are intracellular second messengers that regulate cell function by controlling the activity of protein kinases. Some cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs), which play crucial roles in the immune system, are synthesized by mammalian cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and its homolog dinucleotide cyclase in Vibrio cholerae (VcDncV). Among the recently discovered cGAS/DncV-like nucleotidyltransferases (CD-NTases), only two cyclic-trinucleotides (CTN)-producing Type I CD-NTases had undergone analysis of crystal structure. Therefore, this study was conducted to complement the knowledge gap by determining the structure and activity of EcCdnD in apo-form and when bounded to various substrates and mutants. Along with the possible catalytic mechanisms that produce CTNs, the output of this research serves as a robust reference for future studies of CTN-producing CD-NTases.
[the_sdg_impact] => Cyclic nucleotide signaling is an essential cellular central relay system that translates primary signals (e.g., hormonal stimuli or changes in the cellular environment) to a cellular response. Since the structure of bacterial CD-NTases is similar to that of mammalian cGAS and oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS), a better understanding of the former’s properties and catalytic pathway would help advance biomedical sciences. In extension, the biochemical and biophysical studies of EcCdnD in this research potentially contribute to the realization of UNSDG 3: Good Health & Well-Being by expanding the knowledge base of cyclic nucleotides.
[article_url] => https://academic.oup.com/nar/article/49/8/4725/6219115
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkab165
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[publication_title] => Crystal structure and functional implication of a bacterial cyclic AMP–AMP–GMP synthetase
[journal_title] => Nucleic Acids Research
[publisher] => Oxford University Press
[year] => May 2021
[subject] => Medical; Drug Development
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[post_date] => 2021-11-25 20:46:57
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[post_title] => New Advanced Tool for Efficient Study of Lipid Characteristics
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[researchers_name] => CHENG, Wei-Chung (鄭維中)
[researchers_position] => Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taiwan
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[the_novelty] => Is there an efficient way to simplify the workflows of lipidomic analysis and studies of lipid characteristics? This research develops the first web-based platform, LipidSig, which allows users to conduct in-depth and comprehensive lipidomic analysis efficiently. Users can upload up to four tables of different analysis sections. Based on the data uploaded, LipidSig can carry out five functions (i.e. Profiling, Differential Expression, Correlation, Network, and Machine Learning) to analyze lipidomic change thoroughly. In addition, LipidSig has a unique feature that enables the conversion between lipid species and characteristics according to a user-defined characteristics table. As a web-based tool, there is great potential for LipidSig to be improved and optimized continuously to meet the needs of users.
[the_background] => Different from general metabolites, lipids could exert distinct biological functions not only as an individual but also as a group defined by a variety of lipid characteristics (e.g., lipid classes, shapes, double bonds, chain lengths, and hydroxyl groups). To date, one of the bottlenecks faced by lipidomic studies is the lack of analysis tools to efficiently analyze both lipid species and lipid characteristics. Despite the readiness of several tools for analysis of lipid characteristics, some of them impose strict formatting requirements on lipid names, while some can hardly conduct characteristics analyses beyond lipid class, chain length, and double bonds. Hence, this study develops the first web-based tool, LipidSig, which shows high efficiency and flexibility in analyzing streamlined data mining of lipidomic datasets. Being a completely free tool with advanced features, LipidSig provides researchers in lipidomics to further develop and enhance their research.
[the_sdg_impact] => Lipids play multiple crucial roles ranging from storing energy to forming signaling molecules. Thus, a comprehensive knowledge base for the diversity and composition of lipids will contribute to more significant discoveries of lipids’ biological functions. The potential of LipidSig in the development of lipidomics has been proven by its features to bridge the existing gaps in the lipid-specific analysis. With that, this study serves as an epitome to enhance physiological and pathological research as well as encourage further scientific discoveries as envisioned in UNSDG9: Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure.
[article_url] => https://academic.oup.com/nar/article/49/W1/W336/6287848
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[publication_title] => LipidSig: a web-based tool for lipidomic data analysis
[journal_title] => Nucleic Acids Research
[publisher] => Oxford University Press
[year] => May 2021
[subject] => Medical; Computational Biology
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[post_date] => 2021-11-25 20:29:51
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-11-25 12:29:51
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[post_title] => Can COVID-19 Infection Cause Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases?
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[researchers_name] => CHEN, Der-Yuan (陳得源)
[researchers_position] => College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taiwan
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[research_footprints] => autoimmune disease; rheumatic disease; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; treatment
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] =>
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[the_novelty] => Why is the battle against COVID-19 far from over? The coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is known to have a complex array of messenger RNA (mRNA) and share molecular similarities with human proteins. Thus, upon infection, extreme autoimmune and inflammatory reactions could be triggered. Based on a systematic review of existing case reports, this study summarized a list of potential triggers of autoimmune and rheumatic diseases following the COVID-19 infection. Among the rare but significant incidences associated are autoimmune cytopenia, cutaneous vasculitis, encephalitis, and Guillain-Barre syndrome. However, it should be noted that most of the literature analyzed was of short-term case reports or case series. For a more definitive conclusion, the study suggests future research to consider establishing a long-term follow-up mechanism.
[the_background] => At present, the only available method to defend ourselves from COVID-19 is through vaccination. However, there are rising concerns and hesitancy among vaccine recipients due to its potential to trigger autoimmune and rheumatic complications. Moreover, the rapidly piling up literature makes it even harder for information seekers to acquire reliable and recent resources. Therefore, this study aimed to compile existing evidence from peer-reviewed sources such as PubMed and EMBASE to verify and produce a list of autoimmune and rheumatic diseases potentially associated with COVID-19 infection. Such a thorough overview would benefit vaccine developers in terms of vaccine design and post-marketing surveillance.
[the_sdg_impact] => While the UN’s 3rd SDG, Good health and well-being, focused on increasing life expectancy and reducing mortality rates of some common diseases, more efforts are required to manage a wide range of other existing and emerging health issues. The 2020 COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global health crisis where the preparedness of healthcare systems of developed and under-developed nations is equally challenged to manage a threat of such scale. Hence, this study would serve as a good reference for healthcare authorities when handling the global immunization efforts against COVID-19.
[article_url] => https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.645013/full
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/COVID2.jpg
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.645013
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[publication_title] => Autoimmune and Rheumatic Manifestations Associated With COVID-19 in Adults: An Updated Systematic Review
[journal_title] => Frontiers in Immunology
[publisher] => Frontiers
[year] => March 2020
[subject] => Medical; Covid-19
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[post_date] => 2021-11-25 19:51:29
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-11-25 11:51:29
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => Inhalation of Heavy Metals Lead to Asthma Development in Children
[post_excerpt] =>
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[researchers_name] => HWANG, Bing-Fang (黃彬芳)
[researchers_position] => College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taiwan
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[research_footprints] => Heavy metals; asthma; birth cohort; vulnerable time windows; coexposure
[graphic_abstract] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/asthma.jpg
[figures] =>
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study provided evidence that combined exposure to heavy metals (Pb with As, Cd, and Hg) during pregnancy and infancy periods could cause children to develop asthma in later stages. The findings primarily focused on understanding the effects of such exposure on the lung development mechanism and to recognize the sensitive time windows which lead to the risk of asthma development in children. Contrary to most occupational exposure to high levels of heavy metal exposure, even low levels of these components when inhaled during and post-pregnancy by the mother and infant could trigger the disease. The specific sensitive time windows identified are during gestational weeks 1 to 14 and 21 to 40, and 1 to 3 weeks after birth. These results serve as a warning to pregnant women and mothers to avoid getting themselves and their newborns exposed to serious outdoor air pollution.
[the_background] => Asthma is a common allergic respiratory disease among children and adults. Much of the causes of this disease are either genetic or environmental. Past studies have linked exposure to air pollution with numerous respiratory diseases development. However, most of these studies evaluate the effects of high levels of heavy metals exposure under working environment. To date, there are limited evidence on the effects of low-level exposures of such poor air quality on children with asthma. Therefore, this study focused on assessing the effects of inhaling traces of heavy metals during and post-pregnancy to determine accurate sensitive time windows.
[the_sdg_impact] => Globally, more than 300 million people suffer from asthma. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the number of patients with asthma is expected to increase by 100 million by 2025. On the other hand, it is undeniable that the air quality has deteriorated over the years due to pollution and high levels of fine particulate matter in the air continue to impose greater health concerns. Thus, the study findings are essential for pregnant women and new mothers to take necessary precaution to avoid exposure to serious air pollution. Moreover, healthcare practitioners could use the findings are a reference to advise the groups at risk to take appropriate measures to ensure the healthy development of their children (SDG 3: Good health and well-being).
[article_url] => https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(20)32424-6/ppt
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/asthma-3.jpg
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2020.12.634
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[publication_title] => Combined exposure to heavy metals in PM2.5 and pediatric asthma
[journal_title] => Asthma and Lower Airway Disease
[publisher] => American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
[year] => December 2020
[subject] => Medical; Asthma
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[post_date] => 2021-11-25 19:26:45
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-11-25 11:26:45
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => High Pre-surgery Blood Sugar Levels Can Extend Patient Hospitalization Period
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[researchers_name] => KUO, Chin-Chi (郭錦輯)
[researchers_position] => College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taiwan
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[the_novelty] => This research evaluated the risk of prolonged hospital stay as a result of high blood sugar levels recorded before non-critical surgeries regardless of patient diabetic status. A large retrospective cohort study was conducted by analyzing patients' medical records of appendectomy and laparoscopic cholecystectomy at China Medical University Hospital (CMUH), Taiwan, between 2003 and 2016. The findings proved that patients with higher preoperative blood glucose (POBG) level undergoing these standard procedures are more likely to have an extended hospitalization than those with lower POBG levels. To be precise, appendectomy patients with POBG levels of ≥123 mg/dL are 19% more likely to stay beyond 3 days in the hospital, while laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients with POBG levels of ≥128 mg/dL had a 17% higher risk. Thus, it was concluded that the optimal POBG level with reduced risks might be lower than the current standards for common surgeries. Such insight could improve existing clinical practice guidelines for patients undergoing surgery to ensure an effective recovery experience.
[the_background] => There is an ongoing debate on whether routine blood sugar levels before surgery are necessary for healthy or asymptomatic adults. To date, there are no fixed guidelines available for such assessment, especially for those undergoing elective non-critical surgical procedures. However, increasing evidence has shown that high preoperative blood sugar levels do harm surgical patients. Hence, this research aimed to assess the effect of POBG level on hospital length of stay in patients undergoing appendectomy or laparoscopic cholecystectomy, both of which are highly standardized and regulated non-critical procedures. The findings would serve as a potential basis for exploring the role of POBG levels in determining factors affecting patient recovery.
[the_sdg_impact] => The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery (LCoGS) 2030 report, supported by WHO, aims to strengthen global surgical ecosystems, especially by focusing on the integration of emergency and essential surgical care within universal health coverage (UHC) plans (Global Surgery 2030). From a broader perspective, these efforts are directed to enable economic growth, UHC, and the achievement of UN SDGs. When looked at closely, the findings of this research could potentially play an important role in improving under-addressed surgical issues and providing quality healthcare services for patients (SDG 3: Good health and well-being).
[article_url] => https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/44/1/107
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[doi] => https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-0963
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[publication_title] => Association Between Preoperative Blood Glucose Level and Hospital Length of Stay for Patients Undergoing Appendectomy or Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
[journal_title] => Diabetes Care
[publisher] => American Diabetes Association
[year] => October 2020
[subject] => Medical; Diabetes
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[post_date] => 2021-11-25 18:33:52
[post_date_gmt] => 2021-11-25 10:33:52
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[post_title] => Characterization of Initial Key Steps of IL-17 Receptor B Oncogenic Signaling for Targeted Therapy of Pancreatic Cancer
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[researchers_name] => LEE, Wen-Hwa (李文華)
[researchers_position] => Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taiwan
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[researchers_name_2] => WU, Heng-Hsiung (吳恒祥)
[researchers_position_2] => Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taiwan
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[graphic_abstract] =>
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[the_novelty] => This study includes different proteomics, genomics, and imaging experiments conducted on in-vitro (cellular) and in-vivo (animal) models. The findings established the role of interleukin 17 receptor B (IL-17RB) in tumorigenesis and metastasis of pancreatic cancer via a distinct pathway. It revealed that the phosphorylation of tyrosine-447 (Y447) is highy important for IL-17 induced signaling IL-17RB, which associates with clinically aggressive pancreatic tumors. Upon discovering the importance of mixed-lineage kinase 4 (MLK4) in IL-17RB signal transduction, it was found that two identical subunits of IL-17RB need to form a complex, a homodimerize, to be able to recruit MLK4. Moreover, phosphorylation of IL-17RB at Y447 proved vital for the recruitment of other important proteins for its downstream signaling pathway. The significance of these findings was further validated when treatment with a loop peptide dampened the phosphorylation of Y447 and reduced metastasis progression in pancreatic cancer. By understanding the signaling mechanism of IL-17RB which triggers tumorigenesis, potential treatment strategies for pancreatic tumors can be further explored.
[the_background] => Unlike other IL-17 receptors, the role and physiological nuances of IL-17RB in inflammation or pancreatic cancer remain unclear in past studies. Similarly, the binding of ligand IL-17 to the homodimer or heterodimer complex of the receptor was unknown. This study has not just answered these questions but also demonstrated the signal transduction and mediators involved in binding IL-17 to IL-17RB to elicit its tumorigenicity. The findings proved that inhibiting IL-17RB activation diminishes tumorigenesis and metastasis, reducing pancreatic tumor development, especially in-vivo. One of the limitations of the study is the inability to assess the conformational change of the receptor to recruit related mediators, which opens avenue for future studies to validate this using cryo-electron microscopy. In addition, modification on the loop peptide to target critical steps involved in IL-17RB oncogenic signaling will potentially reveal new chemical entities as candidates for treatment in pancreatic cancer.
[the_sdg_impact] => The incidence of pancreatic cancer has been increasing by the year. In 2020, close to 500,000 new pancreatic cancer incidences were recorded globally, and an almost equal number of people died of the disease. Thus, making it the 7th most common cause of cancer-related death (WHO, 2020). It is worrying that high mortality and incidence of the malignancy are correlated to high prevalence of other comorbidities, implying compromised quality of life. Hence, it is highly crucial to invest in discovering more effective treatments for this cancer to support United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (UNSDG)3: Good health and well-being, to empower the health of the global community to improve the quality of human capital.
[article_url] => https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scitranslmed.abc2823
[main_image] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/pancreatic-4.jpg
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[publication_title] => Characterization of initial key steps of IL-17 receptor B oncogenic signaling for targeted therapy of pancreatic cancer
[journal_title] => Science Translational Medicine
[publisher] => AAAS
[year] => March 2021
[subject] => Medical; Pancreatic cancer
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[post_date] => 2021-11-22 19:49:52
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[post_title] => Understanding the Least Explored Branching Patterns of a Jellyfish’s Tentacles
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[researchers_name] => KUMANO, Gaku (熊野岳)
[researchers_position] => Asamushi Research Center for Marine Biology, Graduate School of Life Science, Tohoku University, Japan
[researchers_photo] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/medusa-.png
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[original_article_reference] =>
[research_footprints] => Adhesive organ; Branching morphogenesis; Cladonema pacificum; Cnidarian; Jellyfish; Medusa tentacle; Mesoderm; Nematocyst; RTK signaling
[graphic_abstract] =>
[figures] => https://iesresearch.solutions/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/medusa-2.png
[video] =>
[the_novelty] => This study highlights the unique formation of medusa tentacles in jellyfish, C. pacificum, and the mechanisms involved. The formation of these tentacles followed a simple branching rule observed only in this species combined with a specific cell signalling, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) signalling. Findings indicated that tentacles branch through repeated addition of new branches to the proximal region of the main tentacle during the elongation process. Noticeably, the use of a simple rule to create complex branched structures is also found in branching morphogenesis of other animals such as Drosophila and mammals. In addition, receptor tyrosine kinase signalling could be required for the C. pacificum tentacle branch formation just like organ branch formation in Drosophila and mammals. Results also showed that changing functions of the branches from sticking to surfaces to hunting prey during the development process. As a whole, such an in-depth understanding of the unique branching features of a least studied species like the jellyfish could potentially benefit future animal development studies.
[the_background] => Branched structures are formed in certain organs of various species to carry out a range of functions. Previous literature showed the formation and functions in fruit flies’ trachea and mammalian organs such as lungs. Generally, branched tentacles are rare in jellyfishes except for jellyfishes in the Cladonematidae family. It is currently unclear how different or conserved mechanisms are involved in forming branched organs across the animal kingdom, as most available literature focused primarily on fruit flies and mammals. Therefore, this study aims to provide descriptive and functional information on the branching pattern of branched tentacles in jellyfishes.
[the_sdg_impact] => N/A
[article_url] => https://zoologicalletters.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40851